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Timothy Bates

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Bates, Timothy & Lofstrom, Magnus & Servon, Lisa, 2010. "Why Have Lending Programs Targeting Disadvantaged Small-Business Borrowers Achieved So Little Success in the United States?," IZA Discussion Papers 5212, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Cited by:

    1. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2018. "Differences Between Latino-Owned Businesses and White-, Black-, or Asian-Owned Businesses: Evidence From Census Microdata," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(3), pages 225-241, August.
    2. Naiquan Liu & Xinyue Ye & Huimin Yang & Ying Li & Mark Leipnik, 2014. "Manufacturing firm heterogeneity and regional economic growth difference in China," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(2), pages 213-230, June.
    3. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2019. "A spatial model of growth relationships and Latino-owned business," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 63(3), pages 541-557, December.
    4. Stephan J. Goetz & Anil Rupasingha, 2014. "The Determinants of Self-Employment Growth," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 28(1), pages 42-60, February.
    5. Craig Wesley Carpenter, 2016. "The Dynamics Of Latino-Owned Business With Comparisions To Other Ethnicities," Working Papers 16-33, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. William D. Bradford, 2014. "The “Myth†That Black Entrepreneurship Can Reduce the Gap in Wealth Between Black and White Families," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 28(3), pages 254-269, August.
    7. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2020. "Business, Owner, and Regional Characteristics in Latino-owned Business Growth: An Empirical Analysis Using Confidential Census Microdata," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 43(3), pages 254-285, May.
    8. Paige Clayton, 2024. "Different outcomes for different founders? Local organizational sponsorship and entrepreneurial finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 23-62, January.
    9. Craig Wesley Carpenter, 2016. "The Impact Of Latino-Owned Business On Local Economic Performance," Working Papers 16-34, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    10. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

  2. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy, 2009. "Latina Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 3997, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Cited by:

    1. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2018. "Differences Between Latino-Owned Businesses and White-, Black-, or Asian-Owned Businesses: Evidence From Census Microdata," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(3), pages 225-241, August.
    2. Lynn E. Browne & Sol Carbonell & Prabal Chakrabarti & DeAnna Green & Yolanda Kodrzycki & Ana Patricia Munoz & Anna Steiger & Richard Walker & Bo Zhao, 2011. "Small businesses in Springfield, Massachusetts: a look at Latino entrepreneurship," Public and Community Affairs Discussion Papers 2011-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    3. Fairlie, Robert, 2015. "Immigration and Entrepreneurship," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt6945t95k, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    4. Monica Fisher & Paul A. Lewin, 2018. "Push and pull factors and Hispanic self-employment in the USA," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1055-1070, December.
    5. Hamid Beladi & Saibal Kar, 2015. "Skilled and Unskilled Immigrants and Entrepreneurship in a Developed Country," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 19(3), pages 666-682, August.
    6. Ruth Oyelere & Willie Belton, 2013. "Black–White gap in self-employment. Does intra-race heterogeneity exist?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 25-39, June.
    7. Soren Newman & Darin Saul & Christy Dearien & Nancy Hernandez, 2023. "Self-Employment or Selfless Employment? Exploration of Factors that Motivate, Facilitate, and Constrain Latina Entrepreneurship from a Family Embeddedness Perspective," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 206-219, March.
    8. Lofstrom, Magnus, 2009. "Low-Skilled Immigrant Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 4560, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Maria Abreu & Pelin Demirel & Vadim Grinevich & Mine Karataş-Özkan, 2016. "Entrepreneurial practices in research-intensive and teaching-led universities," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 695-717, October.
    10. Michael J. Pisani & Joseph M. Guzman & Chad Richardson & Carlos Sepulveda & Lyonel Laulié, 2017. "“Small business enterprises and Latino entrepreneurship: An enclave or mainstream activity in South Texas?”," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 295-323, September.
    11. Korpi, Martin & Hedberg, Charlotta & Pettersson, Katarina, 2013. "Immigrant Women and Entrepreneurship: A Study of the Health Care Sector in Sweden, 2002-2006," SULCIS Working Papers 2013:3, Stockholm University, Linnaeus Center for Integration Studies - SULCIS.
    12. Yuri Ostrovsky & Garnett Picot & Danny Leung, 2019. "The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 303-317, January.

  3. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2008. "Analysis of Young Neighborhood Firms Serving Urban Minority Clients," Working Papers 08-11, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Rachel Meltzer & Sean Capperis, 2017. "Neighbourhood differences in retail turnover: Evidence from New York City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(13), pages 3022-3057, October.
    2. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2014. "Small-business viability in America’s urban minority communities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(13), pages 2844-2862, October.
    3. Loren Henderson & Cedric Herring & Hayward Horton & Melvin Thomas, 2015. "Credit Where Credit is Due?: Race, Gender, and Discrimination in the Credit Scores of Business Startups," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 42(4), pages 459-479, December.
    4. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    5. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    6. Qingfang Wang & Cathy Liu, 2015. "Transnational activities of immigrant-owned firms and their performances in the USA," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 345-359, February.
    7. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
    8. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

  4. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2007. "Crime's Impact on the Survival Prospects of Young Urban Small Businesses," Working Papers 07-30, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Pascal Beckers & Bart Sleutjes, 2014. "Neighbourhood Spatial Order, the Local Economy and Firm Mobility in Urban Areas of the Netherlands," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(6), pages 2103-2122, November.
    2. George Saridakis & Anne-Marie Mohammed & Sandra Sookram, 2015. "Does Crime Affect Firm Innovation? Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 35(2), pages 1205-1215.
    3. Folorunsho M. Ajide & Olasupo I. Bankefa & Rufus A. Ajisafe, 2018. "Criminal Activities and Firms’ Market Power: Evidence from Nigerian Banking Industry," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(5), pages 1207-1223, October.
    4. Bart Sleutjes & Beate Völker, 2012. "The Role Of The Neighbourhood For Firm Relocation," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 103(2), pages 240-249, April.
    5. Hua, Nan & Yang, Yang, 2017. "Systematic effects of crime on hotel operating performance," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 257-269.
    6. Stuart S. Rosenthal & Amanda Ross, 2010. "Violent Crime, Entrepreneurship, and Cities," NBER Chapters, in: Cities and Entrepreneurship, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

  5. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy, 2007. "African Americans' Pursuit of Self-Employment," IZA Discussion Papers 3156, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Cited by:

    1. Murat Yalcintas & Oyk㜠Iyigãœn & Gokhan Karabulut, 2023. "Personal Characteristics And Intention For Entrepreneurship," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 68(02), pages 539-561.
    2. Aaron K. Chatterji & Kenneth Y. Chay & Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and Employment," CESifo Working Paper Series 4182, CESifo.
    3. Srikant Devaraj & Pankaj C. Patel, 2017. "Skin Tone and Self-Employment: is there an Intra-Group Variation among Blacks?," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 44(1), pages 137-166, June.
    4. Fairlie, Robert W. & Krashinsky, Harry A., 2011. "Liquidity Constraints, Household Wealth, and Entrepreneurship Revisited," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt6hv0m2q6, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    5. Ashwini Deshpande & Smriti Sharma, 2016. "Disadvantage and discrimination in self-employment: caste gaps in earnings in Indian small businesses," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 325-346, February.
    6. Amaechi N. Nwaokoro, 2017. "Survey of Free Market Principles for Encouraging Market: Participation of African American and the Economically Challenged," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(1), pages 130-144, January.
    7. Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "Entrepreneurship, Economic Conditions, and the Great Recession," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 207-231, June.
    8. Simoes, Nadia & Moreira, Sandrina B. & Crespo, Nuno, 2013. "Individual Determinants of Self-Employment Entry – What Do We Really Know?," MPRA Paper 48403, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Loren Henderson & Cedric Herring & Hayward Horton & Melvin Thomas, 2015. "Credit Where Credit is Due?: Race, Gender, and Discrimination in the Credit Scores of Business Startups," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 42(4), pages 459-479, December.
    10. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Magnus Lofstrom & Chunbei Wang, 2022. "Immigration Policy and the Rise of Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 75(5), pages 1189-1214, October.
    11. Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina & Borra, Cristina & Wang, Chunbei, 2021. "Asian Discrimination in the Coronavirus Era: Implications for Business Formation and Survival," IZA Discussion Papers 14182, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "Minority and immigrant entrepreneurs: access to financial capital," Chapters, in: Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, chapter 8, pages 153-175, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    13. Rosanna Garcia & Daniel W. Baack, 2023. "The Invisible Racialized Minority Entrepreneur: Using White Solipsism to Explain the White Space," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(3), pages 397-418, December.
    14. Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth & Belton, Willie, 2008. "The Role of Information and Institutions in Understanding the Black-White Gap in Self-Employment," IZA Discussion Papers 3761, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. M. Thomas, 2009. "The impact of education histories on the decision to become self-employed: a study of young, aspiring, minority business owners," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 455-466, December.
    16. Marios Michaelides, 2017. "Nascent Entrepreneurship and Race: Evidence from the GATE Experiment," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 02-2017, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
    17. Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "Testing for racial bias in business credit scores," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 429-443, March.
    18. Michaelides, Marios, 2010. "Race and self-employment: The role of training programs, self-employment background, and access to financing," MPRA Paper 20884, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth & Belton, Willie, 2009. "Coming to America: Does Immigrant's Home Country Economic Status Impact the Probability of Self-Employment in the U.S.?," IZA Discussion Papers 4178, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Lina Aldén & Spencer Bastani & Mats Hammarstedt & Chizheng Miao, 2022. "Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1661-1697, March.
    21. Aldén, Lina & Bastani, Spencer & Hammarstedt, Mats & Miao, Chizheng, 2020. "Ethnic Differences in Long-Term Self-Employment," Working Paper Series 1361, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    22. Joanna Georgios Alexopoulos & Anne Villamil, 2014. "The Effects Of Frictions In The Labormarket On Entrepreneurship And Economic Development," Anais do XL Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 40th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 045, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].

  6. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Analysis of Young Small Firms That Have Closed: Delineating Successful from Unsuccessful Closures," Working Papers 02-24, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Jean Bonnet & Nicolas Le Pape & Régis Renault, 2009. "Entrepreneurial motives and performance: Why might better educated entrepreneurs be less successful?," Working Papers halshs-00809745, HAL.
    2. Fackler, Daniel & Müller, Steffen & Stegmaier, Jens, 2016. "Plant-Level Employment Development before Collective Displacements: Comparing Mass Layoffs, Plant Closures, and Bankruptcies," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145607, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    3. Jean Bonnet & Sylvie Cieply & Marcus Dejardin, 2016. "Credit rationing or overlending? An exploration into financing imperfection," Post-Print halshs-01373017, HAL.
    4. Sascha Hohen & Lars Schweizer, 2021. "Entrepreneurs’ Exit Strategy Intentions and Their Final Exit Paths," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 73(3), pages 443-477, December.
    5. DeTienne, Dawn R. & McKelvie, Alexander & Chandler, Gaylen N., 2015. "Making sense of entrepreneurial exit strategies: A typology and test," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 255-272.
    6. Colombo, Massimo G. & Grilli, Luca, 2010. "On growth drivers of high-tech start-ups: Exploring the role of founders' human capital and venture capital," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 610-626, November.
    7. Agustín J. Sánchez-Medina & Félix Blázquez-Santana & Jesús B. Alonso, 2019. "Do Auditors Reflect the True Image of the Company Contrary to the Clients’ Interests? An Artificial Intelligence Approach," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 155(2), pages 529-545, March.
    8. Song Zhang & Liang Han & Konstantinos Kallias & Antonios Kallias, 2021. "The value of in-person banking: evidence from U.S. small businesses," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1393-1435, November.
    9. Audretsch, David & Stam, Erik & Meijaard, Joris, 2005. "Renascent Men or Entrepreneurship as a One-Night Stand: Entrepreneurial Intentions Subsequent to Firm Exit," CEPR Discussion Papers 5342, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Ashish Arora & Anand Nandkumar, 2009. "Cash-out or flame-out! Opportunity cost and entrepreneurial strategy: Theory, and evidence from the information security industry," NBER Working Papers 15532, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Müller, Steffen, 2021. "Insolvenzen in der Corona-Krise," IWH Policy Notes 2/2021, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    12. Del Sarto, Nicola & Isabelle, Diane A. & Di Minin, Alberto, 2020. "The role of accelerators in firm survival: An fsQCA analysis of Italian startups," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 90.
    13. Yang, Tiantian & Aldrich, Howard E., 2012. "Out of sight but not out of mind: Why failure to account for left truncation biases research on failure rates," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 477-492.
    14. Justo, Rachida & DeTienne, Dawn R. & Sieger, Philipp, 2015. "Failure or voluntary exit? Reassessing the female underperformance hypothesis," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 775-792.
    15. Carmen Cotei & Joseph Farhat, 2018. "The M&A exit outcomes of new, young firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 545-567, March.
    16. Nikolova, Milena & Nikolaev, Boris & Popova, Olga, 2020. "The Perceived Well-being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment," GLO Discussion Paper Series 527, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    17. El Kalak, Izidin & Hudson, Robert, 2016. "The effect of size on the failure probabilities of SMEs: An empirical study on the US market using discrete hazard model," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 135-145.
    18. Masatoshi Kato & Yuji Honjo, 2015. "Entrepreneurial human capital and the survival of new firms in high- and low-tech sectors," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 925-957, November.
    19. Mathilde Aubry & Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2015. "Entrepreneurship and the business cycle: the “Schumpeter” effect versus the “refugee” effect—a French appraisal based on regional data," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 54(1), pages 23-55, January.
    20. Stam, F.C. & Audretsch, D.B. & Meijaard, J., 2006. "Renascent Entrepreneurship," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2006-017-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    21. Yasuyuki (Yas) Motoyama, 2022. "Is COVID-19 Causing More Business Closures in Poor and Minority Neighborhoods?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(2), pages 124-133, May.
    22. Coad, Alex & Frankish, Julian & Roberts, Richard & Storey, David, 2014. "Growth Paths and Survival Chances: An Application of Gambler's Ruin Theory," Ratio Working Papers 204, The Ratio Institute.
    23. Nobuyuki Harada, 2007. "Which Firms Exit and Why? An Analysis of Small Firm Exits in Japan," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 401-414, December.
    24. Martin Lukeš & Jan Zouhar, 2016. "The Causes of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Discontinuance," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2016(1), pages 19-36.
    25. Gumus, Gulcin & Regan, Tracy L., 2015. "Self-employment and the role of health insurance in the U.S," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 357-374.
    26. Kristina Nyström, 2020. "Entrepreneurship after displacement," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 475-494, February.
    27. Johannes Dick & Katrin Hussinger & Boris Blumberg & John Hagedoorn, 2013. "Is success hereditary? Evidence on the performance of spawned ventures," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(4), pages 911-931, May.
    28. Carlos Carreira & Paulino Teixeira, 2008. "The Shadow of Death: Analysing the Pre-Exit Productivity of Portuguese Manufacturing Firms," GEMF Working Papers 2008-05, GEMF, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra.
    29. Jiang, Guohua & Kotabe, Masaaki & Hamilton, Robert D. & Smith, Sheryl Winston, 2016. "Early internationalization and the role of immigration in new venture survival," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 1285-1296.
    30. Ornella Wanda Maietta & Fernanda Mazzotta, 2018. "Firm Survival and Innovation: Knowledge Context Matters!," CSEF Working Papers 496, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    31. Marco Caliendo & Alexander S. Kritikos, 2009. ""I Want to, But I also Need to": Start-Ups Resulting from Opportunity and Necessity," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 966, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    32. Marco Caliendo & Frank Fossen & Alexander S. Kritikos, 2008. "The Impact of Risk Attitudes on Entrepreneurial Survival," Working Papers 012, Hanseatic University, Germany, Department of Economics.
    33. Rafik Abdesselam & Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2014. "Typology of the French regional development: revealing the refugee/Schumpeter effects in new-firms startups," Post-Print halshs-01101963, HAL.
    34. Isachenkova, N. & Weeks, M., 2008. "Acquisition, Insolvency and Managers in UK Small Companies," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0838, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    35. Bullini Orlandi, Ludovico & Zardini, Alessandro & Rossignoli, Cecilia, 2021. "Highway to hell: Cultural propensity and digital infrastructure gap as recipe to entrepreneurial death," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 188-195.
    36. Ni Huang & Gordon Burtch & Yili Hong & Paul A. Pavlou, 2020. "Unemployment and Worker Participation in the Gig Economy: Evidence from an Online Labor Market," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 31(2), pages 431-448, June.
    37. Ivan Mihajloviæ & Nenad Nikoliæ & Zhaklina Dhamo & Peter Schulte, 2015. "The Reasons for SME’s Failure, Comparative Analysis and Research," Proceedings of FIKUSZ 2015, in: Jolán Velencei (ed.),Proceedings of FIKUSZ '15, pages 7-22, Óbuda University, Keleti Faculty of Business and Management.
    38. Sharon Simmons & Johan Wiklund & Jonathan Levie, 2014. "Stigma and business failure: implications for entrepreneurs’ career choices," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 485-505, March.
    39. Inci, Eren, 2006. "Success breeds success locally: a tale of incubator firms," ZEW Discussion Papers 06-071, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    40. Paul A. Coomes & Jose Fernandez & Stephan F. Gohmann, 2013. "The Rate of Proprietorship Among Metropolitan Areas: The Impact of the Local Economic Environment and Capital Resources," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(4), pages 745-770, July.
    41. Kristina Nyström & Ingrid Viklund Ros, 2017. "Exploring regional differences in the regional capacity to absorb displacements," Chapters, in: Charlie Karlsson & Martin Andersson & Lina Bjerke (ed.), Geographies of Growth, chapter 2, pages 19-47, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    42. Gottschalk, Sandra & Greene, Francis J. & Höwer, Daniel & Müller, Bettina, 2014. "If you don't succeed, should you try again? The role of entrepreneurial experience in venture survival," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-009, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    43. Calá, Carla Daniela, 2009. "Spatial issues on firm demography: an analysis for Argentina," Nülan. Deposited Documents 1379, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Centro de Documentación.
    44. Kaiser, Ulrich & Kuhn, Johan M., 2020. "The value of publicly available, textual and non-textual information for startup performance prediction," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-012, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    45. Sandra Gottschalk & Francis J. Greene & Bettina Müller, 2017. "The impact of habitual entrepreneurial experience on new firm closure outcomes," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 303-321, February.
    46. Yi Zhou & Canfei He & Shengjun Zhu, 2015. "Does Creative Destruction Work for Chinese Regions? An Empirical Study on the Articulation between Firm Exit and Entry," Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG) 1522, Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, revised Jul 2015.
    47. Khelil, Nabil, 2016. "The many faces of entrepreneurial failure: Insights from an empirical taxonomy," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 72-94.
    48. Ramy Elitzur & Ilanit Gavious & Orit Milo, 2024. "Diversity in National Culture and Financial Harvest Exit Strategy in New Technology Ventures," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(3), pages 881-908, May.
    49. Veroniek Collewaert, 2012. "Angel Investors’ and Entrepreneurs’ Intentions to Exit Their Ventures: A Conflict Perspective," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(4), pages 753-779, July.
    50. M. Nesij Huvaj, 2020. "A Co-opetition View of the Entrepreneur–Investor Relationship: Modelling Entrepreneurial Exit Pathways," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 29(2), pages 365-394, September.
    51. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Jean Bonnet & Nicolas Le Pape & Régis Renault, 2016. "Going into Business and Out of Business: The Role of Human Capital," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 2016-04, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
    52. Olof Ejermo & Jing Xiao, 2014. "Entrepreneurship and survival over the business cycle: how do new technology-based firms differ?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 411-426, August.
    53. Alexandre Farias Albuquerque & Edmundo Escrivão Filho & Marcelo Seido Nagano & Luiz Adalberto Philippsen Junior, 2016. "A change in the importance of mortality factors throughout the life cycle stages of small businesses," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    54. Siepel, Josh & Cowling, Marc & Coad, Alex, 2017. "Non-founder human capital and the long-run growth and survival of high-tech ventures," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 34-43.
    55. Simon C. Parker & Yacine Belghitar, 2006. "What Happens to Nascent Entrepreneurs? An Econometric Analysis of the PSED," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 81-101, August.
    56. Backman, Mikaela & Karlsson, Charlie, 2020. "Age of managers and employees – Firm survival," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    57. van Gelderen, A.M. & Patel, B.P. & Thurik, A.R., 2009. "Encountered Problems and Outcome Status in Nascent Entrepreneurship," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2009-008-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    58. Antonia Mercedes García-Cabrera & María Gracia García-Soto & Juan José Durán-Herrera, 2016. "Opportunity motivation and SME internationalisation in emerging countries: Evidence from entrepreneurs’ perception of institutions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 879-910, September.
    59. Ummad Mazhar & Fahd Rehman, 2019. "Diehard or delicate? Violence and young firm performance in a developing country," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 236-247, October.
    60. Thorsten Semrau & Christian Hopp, 2016. "Complementary or compensatory? A contingency perspective on how entrepreneurs’ human and social capital interact in shaping start-up progress," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 407-423, March.
    61. Gavin Cassar, 2007. "Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 89-107, January.
    62. Alex Coad & Julian Frankish & Richard G. Roberts & David J. Storey, 2011. "Growth Paths and Survival Chances," SPRU Working Paper Series 195, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
    63. Jarosław Ropęga, 2016. "Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Periods of Deterioration of Small Firms' Condition," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 4(2), pages 139-156.
    64. Wennberg, Karl & Wiklund, Johan & DeTienne, Dawn & Cardon, Melissa, 2009. "Reconceptualizing Entrepreneurial Exit: Divergent Exit Routes and Their Drivers," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Business Administration 2009:10, Stockholm School of Economics.
    65. Ana-Maria Zamfir & Cristina Mocanu & Adriana Grigorescu, 2018. "Resilient Entrepreneurship among European Higher Education Graduates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, July.
    66. Jean-Pierre Huiban, 2011. "The spatial demography of new plants: urban creation and rural survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 73-86, July.
    67. Widad Pitrus*, 2015. "Not all smooth sailing: Barriers to small business success for owner/managers from Middle Eastern communities in Melbourne," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, vol. 49(6), pages 293-304, Special I.
    68. Dominika Wach & Ute Stephan & Marjan, J. Gorgievski & Jürgen Wegge, 2020. "Entrepreneurs’ achieved success: developing a multi-faceted measure," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1123-1151, September.
    69. Krukowski, Kipp A. & Flink, Nicole A. & Edwards, Bryan D., 2023. "Why are you selling your business? Understanding signaling effects of seller rationale at time of entrepreneurial exit," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 20(C).
    70. Steffen Mueller & Jens Stegmaier, 2015. "Economic failure and the role of plant age and size," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 621-638, March.
    71. Carmen Cotei & Joseph Farhat, 2020. "The M&A Exit Outcome of High-Tech Startups," Multinational Finance Journal, Multinational Finance Journal, vol. 24(3-4), pages 183-209, September.
    72. Siddharth Vedula & Phillip H. Kim, 2018. "Marching to the beat of the drum: the impact of the pace of life in US cities on entrepreneurial work effort," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 569-590, March.
    73. Mathilde Aubry & Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant, 2013. "Business cycle and entrepreneurial behavior using French regional data," Economics Working Paper Archive (University of Rennes & University of Caen) 201304, Center for Research in Economics and Management (CREM), University of Rennes, University of Caen and CNRS.
    74. Kaiser, Ulrich & Kuhn, Johan Moritz, 2020. "Value of Publicly Available, Textual and Non-textuThe al Information for Startup Performance Prediction," IZA Discussion Papers 13029, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    75. Edmundo Escrivão Filho & Alexandre Farias Albuquerque & Marcelo Seido Nagano & Luiz Adalberto Philippsen Junior & Jair de Oliveira, 2017. "Identifying SME mortality factors in the life cycle stages: an empirical approach of relevant factors for small business owner-managers in Brazil," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    76. Sandra Gottschalk & Bettina Müller, 2022. "A second chance for failed entrepreneurs: a good idea?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 745-767, August.
    77. Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2018. "SMEs' near-death experiences. Do local banks extend a helping hand?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 47-65.
    78. Nyström, Kristina, 2016. "Entrepreneurship after displacement: The transition and performance of entrepreneurial ventures created after displacement," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 443, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    79. Vibha Gaba & Ann Terlaak, 2013. "Decomposing Uncertainty and Its Effects on Imitation in Firm Exit Decisions," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(6), pages 1847-1869, December.
    80. Alexandra Tsvetkova & Jean-Claude Thill & Deborah Strumsky, 2014. "Metropolitan innovation, firm size, and business survival in a high-tech industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 661-676, October.
    81. Blanchard, Pierre & Huiban, Jean-Pierre & Mathieu, Claude, 2011. "Productivity, sunk costs and firm exit in the French food industry," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114526, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    82. Albiol, Judit, 2012. "Business Exits entail greater future levels of entrepreneurship? An empirical analysis at country level," Working Papers 2072/211754, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    83. Kuratko, Donald F. & Brown, Travis J., 2010. "Emerging life sciences ventures: The quest for legitimacy," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 211-220, March.
    84. Strese, Steffen & Gebhard, Philipp & Feierabend, David & Brettel, Malte, 2018. "Entrepreneurs' perceived exit performance: Conceptualization and scale development," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 351-370.
    85. Víctor Manuel Bellido‐Jiménez & Domingo Martín‐Martín & Isidoro Romero, 2021. "The survival of new businesses in Andalusia (Spain): Impact of urbanization, education, and gender," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(1), pages 25-41, February.
    86. Hyytinen, Ari & Pajarinen, Mika & Rouvinen, Petri, 2015. "Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 564-581.
    87. Parker, Simon C., 2013. "Do serial entrepreneurs run successively better-performing businesses?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 652-666.
    88. Hanspal, Tobin, 2016. "The effect of personal financing disruptions on entrepreneurship," SAFE Working Paper Series 161, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    89. Erik Stam & David Audretsch & Joris Meijaard, 2006. "Renascent Entrepreneurship - Entrepreneurial Preferences Subsequent to Firm Exit," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2006-06, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
    90. , Aisdl, 2021. "Recipes for a Successful Exit for Clean- and Hard-tech Startups," OSF Preprints k3vey, Center for Open Science.
    91. Jairaj Gupta & Andros Gregoriou & Jerome Healy, 2015. "Forecasting bankruptcy for SMEs using hazard function: To what extent does size matter?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 45(4), pages 845-869, November.

  7. Timothy Bates, 2001. "Financing the development of urban minority communities: lessons of history," Proceedings 791, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

    Cited by:

    1. Christian E. Weller, 2008. "Credit Access, the Costs of Credit and Credit Market Discrimination," Working Papers wp171, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    2. Valentina Hartarska & Denis Nadolnyak, 2012. "Board size and diversity as governance mechanisms in community development loan funds in the USA," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(33), pages 4313-4329, November.
    3. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Rejoinder to Charles D. Tansey: Moving Toward a More Effective Small Business Administration," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 16(2), pages 185-190, May.
    4. Christian E. Weller & Amy Helburn, 2009. "Public Policy Options to Build Wealth for America’s Middle Class," Working Papers wp210, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    5. P. Köllinger & M. Minniti, 2006. "Not for Lack of Trying: American Entrepreneurship in Black and White," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 59-79, August.
    6. Peake, Whitney O. & Marshall, Maria I., 2009. "Has the "Farm Problem" Disappeared? A Comparison of Household and Self-Employment Income Levels of the Farm and Nonfarm Self-Employed," 2009 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia 46304, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    7. Timothy Bates, 2000. "Rejoinder to Sheryll Cashin: Programs as Token Gestures," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 14(3), pages 250-255, August.
    8. Christian E. Weller, 2007. "Have Differences in Credit Access Diminished in an Era of Financial Market Deregulation?," Working Papers wp144, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    9. Sheryll D. Cashin, 2000. "Public Subsidies and the Role of Suburbanization in Urban Economic Development: A Reply to Timothy Bates," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 14(3), pages 243-248, August.
    10. Lois M. Shelton, 2010. "Fighting an Uphill Battle: Expansion Barriers, Intra–Industry Social Stratification, and Minority Firm Growth," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(2), pages 379-398, March.
    11. Richard C. Hula & Marty P. Jordan, 2018. "Private Investment and Public Redevelopment: The Case of New Markets Tax Credits," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 11-38, March.
    12. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

  8. Timothy Bates, 1999. "Available evidence indicates that black-owned firms are often denied equal access to credit," Proceedings 758, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.

    Cited by:

    1. Ken Cavalluzzo & John Wolken, 2005. "Small Business Loan Turndowns, Personal Wealth, and Discrimination," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(6), pages 2153-2178, November.
    2. Blanchard, Lloyd & Zhao, Bo & Yinger, John, 2008. "Do lenders discriminate against minority and woman entrepreneurs?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 467-497, March.
    3. Lloyd Blanchard & Bo Zhao & John Yinger, 2005. "Do Credit Market Barriers Exist for Minority and Women Entrepreneurs?," Center for Policy Research Working Papers 74, Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University.
    4. Daniele Coin, 2013. "Are female entrepreneurs better payers than men?," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 186, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    5. Susan White HAAG, 2002. "Community Reinvestment: A Review of Urban Outcomes and Challenges," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 25(3), pages 252-275, July.

  9. Timothy Bates, 1998. "Exiting Self-Employment: An Analysis of Asian Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses," Working Papers 98-13, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Millán, José María & Congregado, Emilio & Román, Concepción, 2010. "Determinants of Self-Employment Dynamics and their Implications on Entrepreneurial Policy Effectiveness," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, August.
    2. Mueller, Elisabeth, 2011. "Entrepreneurs from low-skilled immigrant groups in knowledge-intensive industries - company characteristics, survival and innovative performance," ZEW Discussion Papers 11-030, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    3. Cui, Yuling & Nahm, Daehoon & Tani, Massimiliano, 2013. "Self-Employment in China: Are Rural Migrant Workers and Urban Residents Alike?," IZA Discussion Papers 7191, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Nix, Emily & Gamberoni, Elisa & Heath, Rachel, 2014. "Bridging the gap : identifying what is holding self-employed women back in Ghana, Rwanda, Tanzania, the Republic of Congo, and Uganda," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6946, The World Bank.
    5. José Millán & Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román, 2012. "Determinants of self-employment survival in Europe," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 231-258, February.
    6. David G. Blanchflower, 2004. "Self-Employment: More may not be better," NBER Working Papers 10286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Kameliia Petrova, 2012. "Part-time entrepreneurship and financial constraints: evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 473-493, September.

  10. Timothy Bates & Lisa Servon, 1998. "Microenterprise As An Exit Route From Poverty:* Recommendations For Programs And Policy Makers," Working Papers 98-17, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Dr. J. G. Sri Ranjith & Dr. O. G Dayaratna Banda, 2014. "Determinants of Success of Small Business: A Survey-Based Study in Kuliyapitiya Divisional Secretariat of Sri Lanka," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 4(6), pages 38-50, June.
    2. Schreiner, Mark & Woller, Gary, 2003. "Microenterprise Development Programs in the United States and in the Developing World," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 1567-1580, September.
    3. Dr. J. G. Sri Ranjith & Dr. O. G Dayaratna Banda, 2014. "Determinants of Success of Small Business: A Survey-Based Study in Kuliyapitiya Divisional Secretariat of Sri Lanka," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 4(6), pages 38-50, June.
    4. Christy, Ralph D. & Wenner, Mark D. & Dassie, Wylin, 2000. "A Microenterprise-Centered Economic Development Strategy For The Rural South: Sustaining Growth With Economic Opportunity," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 32(2), pages 1-14, August.
    5. Mark Schreiner, 1999. "Lessons for Microenterprise Programs from a Fresh Look at the Unemployment Insurance Self-Employment Demonstration," Evaluation Review, , vol. 23(5), pages 504-526, October.
    6. Del Roy Fletcher, 2005. "Providing Enterprise Support for Offenders: Realising New Opportunities or Reinforcing Old Inequalities?," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 23(5), pages 715-731, October.
    7. Lisa J. Servon, 2006. "Microenterprise Development in the United States: Current Challenges and New Directions," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(4), pages 351-367, November.
    8. Mark Schreiner, 2001. "Evaluation and Microenterprise Programs," Development and Comp Systems 0108002, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 27 Dec 2001.
    9. Nitin Bhatt & Shui-Yan Tang, 2001. "Making Microcredit Work in the United States: Social, Financial, and Administrative Dimensions," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 15(3), pages 229-241, August.
    10. Lofstrom, Magnus, 2009. "Low-Skilled Immigrant Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 4560, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Jeanne Bellotti & Sheena McConnell & Jacob Benus, "undated". "Growing America Through Entrepreneurship," Mathematica Policy Research Reports d3bbbcef77fe49cb988c23d84, Mathematica Policy Research.
    12. Jacob Benus & Sheena McConnell & Jeanne Bellotti & Theodore Shen & Kenneth Fortson & Daver Kahvecioglu, "undated". "Growing America Through Entrepreneurship: Findings from the Evaluation of Project GATE," Mathematica Policy Research Reports afeceaeccbf54835ae4f79e73, Mathematica Policy Research.
    13. Sultan, Yousuf & Masih, Mansur, 2016. "Does microfinance affect economic growth? Evidence from Bangladesh based on ARDL approach," MPRA Paper 72123, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. J. G. Sri Ranjith, 2015. "The Effect of Microenterprises on Poverty: A Cross-county Analysis on US Urban Poverty," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 3(3), pages 128-150, March.
    15. Gregg A. Lichtenstein & Thomas S. Lyons, 2001. "The Entrepreneurial Development System: Transforming Business Talent and Community Economies," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 15(1), pages 3-20, February.
    16. Amaechi N. Nwaokoro & Abiodun Ojemakinde & Lee Washington, 2017. "The Merits of Specialized Microfinance Instruments and Their Feasibility in Alleviating Poverty in Albany-Dougherty County, Georgia," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 8(4), pages 134-147, October.

  11. Timothy Bates, 1997. "Survival Patterns Among Newcomers to Franchising," Working Papers 97-1, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Tasssew Woldehanna & Wolday Amha & Manex B. Yonis, 2018. "Correlates of business survival: empirical evidence on youth-owned micro and small enterprises in Urban Ethiopia," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 8(1), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Hannu Niittykangas & Hannu Tervo, 2005. "Spatial variations in intergenerational transmission of self-employment," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(3), pages 319-332.
    3. Arturs Kalnins & Kyle J. Mayer, 2004. "Franchising, Ownership, and Experience: A Study of Pizza Restaurant Survival," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(12), pages 1716-1728, December.
    4. Westhead, Paul & Wright, Mike & Ucbasaran, Deniz, 2001. "The internationalization of new and small firms: A resource-based view," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 333-358, July.
    5. David J. Ketchen Jr. & Jeremy C. Short & James G. Combs, 2011. "Is Franchising Entrepreneurship? Yes, No, and Maybe So," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(3), pages 583-593, May.
    6. Aki Kangasharju & Sari Pekkala, 2001. "The Role of Education in Self-Employment Success," Studies in Economics 0116, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    7. Legendre, Nicolas & Nitani, Miwako & Riding, Allan, 2021. "Are franchises really more viable? Evidence from loan defaults," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 23-33.
    8. Lisa J. Servon & M. Anne Visser & Robert W. Fairlie, 2010. "The Continuum Of Capital For Small And Micro Enterprises," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 15(03), pages 301-323.
    9. Vanesa Solís-Rodríguez & Manuel González-Díaz, 2017. "Differences in contract design between successful and less successful franchises," European Journal of Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 483-502, December.
    10. Kristie W. Seawright & Isaac H. Smith & Ronald K. Mitchell & Richard McClendon, 2013. "Exploring Entrepreneurial Cognition in Franchisees: A Knowledge–Structure Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(2), pages 201-227, March.
    11. Francine Lafontaine & Margaret E. Slade, 1998. "Incentive Contracting and the Franchise Decision," NBER Working Papers 6544, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Bradley, Steven W. & Wiklund, Johan & Shepherd, Dean A., 2011. "Swinging a double-edged sword: The effect of slack on entrepreneurial management and growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 537-554, September.
    13. Laura Orobia & Gerrit Rooks, 2011. "Risk Taking and Start-up Capital: Exploring Gender differences in Uganda, through an International Comparison," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(2), pages 83-93.
    14. Deniz Ucbasaran & Paul Westhead & Mike Wright, 2001. "The Focus of Entrepreneurial Research: Contextual and Process Issues," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(4), pages 57-80, July.
    15. Weaven, Scott & Baker, Brent L. & Edwards, Chase & Frazer, Lorelle & Grace, Debra, 2018. "Predicting organizational form choice from pre-entry characteristics of franchisees," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 49-58.
    16. Gary Castrogiovanni & Robert Justis, 2007. "Franchise failure: a reassessment of the Bates (1995) results," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 1(3), pages 247-256, September.
    17. Blut, Markus & Backhaus, Christof & Heussler, Tobias & Woisetschläger, David M. & Evanschitzky, Heiner & Ahlert, Dieter, 2011. "What to Expect After the Honeymoon: Testing a Lifecycle Theory of Franchise Relationships," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 306-319.
    18. Francine Lafontaine & Marek Zapletal & Xu Zhang, 2017. "Brighter Prospects? Assessing the Franchise Advantage using Census Data," Working Papers 17-21, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    19. Pankaj C. Patel & John A. Pearce II, 2020. "Franchisees and Loan Default on Third-Party Guarantee Loans: Evidence From the United States," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(5), pages 861-877, September.
    20. Muriel Fadairo & Cintya Lanchimba & Josef Windsperger, 2015. "Network Form and Performance. The Case of Multi-Unit Franchising," Working Papers 1502, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
    21. Backman, Mikaela & Karlsson, Charlie, 2020. "Age of managers and employees – Firm survival," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    22. Boulay, Jacques & Caemmerer, Barbara & Evanschitzky, Heiner & Duniach, Krista, 2020. "Multi-unit franchising from franchisor and franchisee perspectives: Antecedents, performance outcomes, and the optimal mini-chain size," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 49-58.
    23. Melih Madanoglu & Gary J. Castrogiovanni, 2018. "Franchising proportion and network failure," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 697-715, April.
    24. Mansura Akter & Mahfuzur Rahman & Dragana Radicic, 2019. "Women Entrepreneurship in International Trade: Bridging the Gap by Bringing Feminist Theories into Entrepreneurship and Internationalization Theories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-28, November.
    25. Frazer, Lorelle & Winzar, Hume, 2005. "Exits and expectations: why disappointed franchisees leave," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(11), pages 1534-1542, November.
    26. Holmberg, Stevan R. & Morgan, Kathryn Boe, 2003. "Franchise turnover and failure: New research and perspectives," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 403-418, May.
    27. Andrew Eckert & Douglas West, 2008. "Firm Survival and Chain Growth in a Privatized Retail Liquor Store Industry," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 32(1), pages 1-18, February.
    28. Hannes W. Lampe & Jan Reerink, 2021. "Know your audience: how language complexity affects impact in entrepreneurship science," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(7), pages 1025-1061, September.
    29. Esther Calderon-Monge & Ivan Pastor-Sanz & Pilar Huerta-Zavala, 2017. "Economic Sustainability in Franchising: A Model to Predict Franchisor Success or Failure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-16, August.
    30. Garg, Viany K. & Rasheed, Abdul A., 2003. "International multi-unit franchising: an agency theoretic explanation," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 329-348, June.
    31. S. Verbieren & M. Cools & A. Van den Abbeele, 2008. "Franchising. A Literature Review on Management and Control Issues," Review of Business and Economic Literature, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Review of Business and Economic Literature, vol. 0(4), pages 398-443.
    32. Paul Tracey & Owen Jarvis, 2007. "Toward a Theory of Social Venture Franchising," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 31(5), pages 667-685, September.
    33. Stanworth, John & Curran, James, 1999. "Colas, burgers, shakes, and shirkers: Towards a sociological model of franchising in the market economy," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 323-344, July.

  12. Timothy Bates, 1996. "Financing Small Business Creation: The Case of Chinese and Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs," Working Papers 96-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Ratan J. S. Dheer, 2018. "Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 555-614, September.
    2. Michael E. Cummings & Alan Gamlen, 2019. "Diaspora engagement institutions and venture investment activity in developing countries," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 2(4), pages 289-313, December.
    3. Jan Brinckmann & Soeren Salomo & Hans Georg Gemuenden, 2011. "Financial Management Competence of Founding Teams and Growth of New Technology–Based Firms," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(2), pages 217-243, March.
    4. Bryan Malki & Timur Uman & Daniel Pittino, 2022. "The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1337-1365, March.
    5. Bird, Miriam & Wennberg, Karl, 2016. "Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs' exit from entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 687-704.
    6. Honig, Benson, 2001. "Human capital and structural upheaval: A study of manufacturing firms in the west bank," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 575-594, November.
    7. Giuseppe Arcuri & Nadine Levratto, 2017. "New firms’ bankruptcy: does local banking market matter?," Working Papers hal-04141638, HAL.
    8. Zofia Gródek-Szostak & Marcin Suder & Anna Szeląg-Sikora & Luis Ochoa Siguencia, 2020. "The “Dobry Czas Na Biznes” (“Good Time for Business”) Program as a Form of Support for Self-Employment in Poland. A Case Study of the Sub-Regions of the Małopolskie Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-17, November.
    9. Bengtsson, Ola & Hsu, David H., 2015. "Ethnic matching in the U.S. venture capital market," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 338-354.
    10. Malavika Sundararajan & Binod Sundararajan, 2015. "Immigrant Capital and Entrepreneurial Opportunities," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 3(3), pages 29-50.
    11. Simoes, Nadia & Moreira, Sandrina B. & Crespo, Nuno, 2013. "Individual Determinants of Self-Employment Entry – What Do We Really Know?," MPRA Paper 48403, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Giuseppe Arcuri & Nadine Levratto, 2017. "New firms’ bankruptcy: does local banking market matter?," EconomiX Working Papers 2017-31, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    13. Gutierrez Angelica S. & D’Mello Jason Francis, 2020. "Not All Entrepreneurs are Viewed Equally: A Social Dominance Theory Perspective on Access to Capital," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, January.
    14. Liliana Sousa, 2013. "Community Determinants Of Immigrant Self-Employment: Human Capital Spillovers And Ethnic Enclaves," Working Papers 13-21, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    15. Hadewijch van Delft & Cees Gorter & Peter Nijkamp, 2000. "In Search of Ethnic Entrepreneurship Opportunities in the City: A Comparative Policy Study," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 18(4), pages 429-451, August.
    16. Anderson, Alistair R. & Miller, Claire J., 2003. ""Class matters": human and social capital in the entrepreneurial process," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 17-36, March.
    17. Gavin Cassar, 2011. "Discussion of The Value of Financial Statement Verification in Debt Financing: Evidence from Private U.S. Firms," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(2), pages 507-528, May.
    18. Claudio Mancilla & Yancy Vaillant & Esteban Lafuente, 2011. "HOW ENTREPRENEURIALLY INFLUENTIAL SOCIAL TRAITS AFFECT BUSINESS CREATION AMONGST RURAL IMMIGRANTS: Evidence from Spain," ERSA conference papers ersa10p1464, European Regional Science Association.
    19. Stein Kristiansen, 2004. "Social Networks and Business Success," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 63(5), pages 1149-1171, November.
    20. Staniewski, Marcin W. & Szopiński, Tomasz & Awruk, Katarzyna, 2016. "Setting up a business and funding sources," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 2108-2112.
    21. Ebbers, Joris J. & Wijnberg, Nachoem M., 2012. "Nascent ventures competing for start-up capital: Matching reputations and investors," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 372-384.
    22. Ben Spigel, 2013. "Bourdieuian approaches to the geography of entrepreneurial cultures," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(9-10), pages 804-818, December.
    23. Anthony Howell, 2019. "Ethnic entrepreneurship, initial financing, and business performance in China," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 697-712, March.
    24. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Rejoinder to Charles D. Tansey: Moving Toward a More Effective Small Business Administration," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 16(2), pages 185-190, May.
    25. Inessa Love, 2020. "Entrepreneurial Access to Finance in the US," Working Papers 202004, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    26. Curtiss, Jarmila, 2012. "Determinants of Financial Capital Use: Review of theories and implications for rural businesses," Factor Markets Working Papers 123, Centre for European Policy Studies.
    27. Jintong Tang & Zhi Tang & Shaji A. Khan, 2022. "Do the rich give more? The effects of family wealth and entrepreneurial effort on firm philanthropy and growth," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 699-722, June.
    28. Salah Ben Hamed, 2014. "Problems and Factors of Non-Completion of Promising Projects by Young Entrepreneurs: The Case of Tunisia," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 6(6), pages 345-354.
    29. Sazzad Parwez, 2017. "Community-based entrepreneurship: evidences from a retail case study," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-16, December.
    30. Chua, Jess H. & Chrisman, James J. & Kellermanns, Franz & Wu, Zhenyu, 2011. "Family involvement and new venture debt financing," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 472-488, July.
    31. Estrin, Saul & Korosteleva, Julia & Mickiewicz, Tomasz, 2009. "Better Means More: Property Rights and High-Growth Aspiration Entrepreneurship," IZA Discussion Papers 4396, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    32. Claudia Alvarez & David Urbano, 2008. "Entorno e Iniciativa Emprendedora: una Perspectiva Institucional," Working Papers 0807, Departament Empresa, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, revised Dec 2008.
    33. Chand, Masud & Ghorbani, Majid, 2011. "National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 593-606.
    34. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 46-74, January.
    35. Neville, François & Orser, Barbara & Riding, Allan & Jung, Owen, 2014. "Do young firms owned by recent immigrants outperform other young firms?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-71.
    36. Baycan Levent, Tuzin & Masurel, Enno & Nijkamp, Peter, 2002. "Entrepreneurial process and performance: the case of the Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam," ERSA conference papers ersa02p397, European Regional Science Association.
    37. Barak-Bianco, Anda & Raijman, Rebeca, 2015. "Asylum seeker entrepreneurs in Israel," economic sociology. perspectives and conversations, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, vol. 16(2), pages 4-13.
    38. Ratan J. S. Dheer & Tomasz Lenartowicz, 2018. "Multiculturalism and Entrepreneurial Intentions: Understanding the Mediating Role of Cognitions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(3), pages 426-466, May.
    39. Eduardo Couto & José Bilau, 2011. "Initial Capital Structure Of Portuguese Innovative Firms:The Role Of Nascent Entrepreneurs' Human Capital," Portuguese Journal of Management Studies, ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa, vol. 0(1), pages 29-42.
    40. Steven A. Brieger & Michael M. Gielnik, 2021. "Understanding the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship: a multi-country study of immigrants’ embeddedness in economic, social, and institutional contexts," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1007-1031, February.
    41. Schlepphorst, Susanne & Kay, Rosemarie & Nielen, Sebastian, 2019. "The effect of migrants' resource endowments on business performance," Working Papers 03/19, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    42. Cassar, Gavin, 2004. "The financing of business start-ups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 261-283, March.
    43. Arrighetti, Alessandro & Gnarini, Daniela & Lasagni, Andrea & Semenza, Renata, 2021. "From Immigrant Entrepreneurship to Plurinational Firms: Evidence from Italy," EconStor Preprints 248545, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    44. Enno Masurel & Peter Nijkamp & Murat Tastan & Gabriella Vindigni, 2002. "Motivations and Performance Conditions for Ethnic Entrepreneurship," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 238-260.
    45. Daniel A. Hartley & Nikhil Kaza & T. William Lester, 2016. "Are America’s Inner Cities Competitive? Evidence From the 2000s," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 137-158, May.
    46. Giuseppe Arcuri & Nadine Levratto, 2020. "Early stage SME bankruptcy: does the local banking market matter?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 421-436, February.
    47. Tüzin Baycan-Levent & Peter Nijkamp, 2011. "Migrant Female Entrepreneurship: Driving Forces, Motivation and Performance," Chapters, in: Sameeksha Desai & Peter Nijkamp & Roger R. Stough (ed.), New Directions in Regional Economic Development, chapter 10, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    48. Linus Nkem & Robertson K. Tengeh, 2017. "Drivers for the Formation of Informal Financial Associations by Immigrant Entrepreneurs in South Africa: the Case of Cameroonians," Acta Universitatis Danubius. OEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 13(5), pages 107-122, OCTOBER.
    49. Laffranchini, Giacomo & Kim, Si Hyun & Posthuma, Richard A., 2018. "A metacultural approach to predicting self-employment across the globe," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 481-500.
    50. Yuri Ostrovsky & Garnett Picot & Danny Leung, 2019. "The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 303-317, January.
    51. Salih Zeki Ozdemir & Peter Moran & Xing Zhong & Martin J. Bliemel, 2016. "Reaching and Acquiring Valuable Resources: The Entrepreneur's Use of Brokerage, Cohesion, and Embeddedness," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(1), pages 49-79, January.
    52. R. Varisa Patraporn & Deirdre Pfeiffer & Paul Ong, 2010. "Building Bridges to the Middle Class: The Role of Community-Based Organizations in Asian American Wealth Accumulation," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 24(3), pages 288-303, August.
    53. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2010. "Intergenerational ethnic enclave influences on the likelihood of being self-employed," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 290-304, May.
    54. Amarjit Gill & Craig Wilson, 2021. "Bank connections and small business performance: Evidence from Canadian survey data," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5110-5134, October.
    55. Moon-Gi Suh, 2007. "Korean Immigrants and Business Development in the United States: Toward a Synthetic Perspective," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 10(2), pages 53-66, September.
    56. Baycan-Levent, Tuzin & Nijkamp, Peter & Sahin, Mediha, 2007. "New Orientations in Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Motivation, Goals and Strategies of New Generation Ethnic Entrepreneurs," Serie Research Memoranda 0012, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    57. Valencia, Oscar & Angarita, Matilde & Santaella, Juan & De Castro, Marcela, 2020. "Do Immigrants Bring Fiscal Dividends?: The Case of Venezuelan Immigration in Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 10958, Inter-American Development Bank.
    58. Paola Demartini, 2018. "Innovative Female-Led Startups. Do Women in Business Underperform?," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-15, November.
    59. Xue Yang & Hao Zhang & Die Hu & Bingde Wu, 2023. "The timing dilemma: understanding the determinants of innovative startups’ patent collateralization for loans," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(1), pages 371-403, January.
    60. Howard E. Aldrich & Martha Argelia Martinez, 2001. "Many are Called, but Few are Chosen: An Evolutionary Perspective for the Study of Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(4), pages 41-56, July.
    61. Justin Tan, 2002. "Culture, Nation, and Entrepreneurial Strategic Orientations: Implications for an Emerging Economy," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(4), pages 95-111, July.
    62. Kahiya, Eldrede T., 2018. "Five decades of research on export barriers: Review and future directions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1172-1188.
    63. Mediha Sahin & Alina Todiras & Peter Nijkamp, 2011. "Colourful Entrepreneurship In Dutch Cities: A Review And Analysis Of Business Performance," Regional Science Inquiry, Hellenic Association of Regional Scientists, vol. 0(2), pages 179-197, December.

  13. Timothy Bates & Darrell Williams, 1995. "Preferential Procurement Programs Do Not Necessarily Help Minority-Owned Business," Working Papers 95-1, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & Robert Seamans, 2018. "Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 415-427, March.
    2. Aaron K. Chatterji & Kenneth Y. Chay & Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and Employment," CESifo Working Paper Series 4182, CESifo.
    3. Grant H. Lewis, 2017. "Effects of federal socioeconomic contracting preferences," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 763-783, December.
    4. Ollinger, Michael & Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, 1998. "Innovation And Regulation In The Pesticide Industry," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 27(1), pages 1-13, April.
    5. Douglas W Dwyer, 1995. "Whittling Away At Productivity Dispersion," Working Papers 95-5, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Timothy Bates, 2009. "Utilizing Affirmative Action in Public Sector Procurement as a Local Economic Development Strategy," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 23(3), pages 180-192, August.
    7. Timothy Bates & David Howell, 1998. "The Declining Status of Minorities in the New York City Construction Industry," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 12(1), pages 88-100, February.
    8. Lois M. Shelton & Maria Minniti, 2018. "Enhancing product market access: Minority entrepreneurship, status leveraging, and preferential procurement programs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 481-498, March.
    9. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Minority businesses serving government clients amidst prolonged chaos in preferential procurement programs," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 29(3), pages 51-70, December.
    10. Bates, Timothy, 2002. "Restricted access to markets characterizes women-owned businesses," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 313-324, July.

  14. Timothy Bates, 1995. "Small Businesses Do Appear To Benefit From State/Local Government Economic Development Assistance," Working Papers 95-2, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Ollinger, Michael & Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, 1998. "Innovation And Regulation In The Pesticide Industry," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 27(1), pages 1-13, April.
    2. Douglas W Dwyer, 1995. "Whittling Away At Productivity Dispersion," Working Papers 95-5, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    3. Cadogan, Godfrey, 1994. "Do Public Sector Contracts And Policy Towards Small Firms Matter?: Evidence From Women Business Enterprises," MPRA Paper 26595, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 14 Sep 2010.
    4. Laura Orobia & Gerrit Rooks, 2011. "Risk Taking and Start-up Capital: Exploring Gender differences in Uganda, through an International Comparison," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(2), pages 83-93.
    5. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Greene, Francis, 2012. "Should the focus of publicly provided small business assistance be on start-ups or growth businesses?," Occasional Papers 12/2, Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand.
    7. Lovgren Adam & Ross R. Brent & Leschewski Andrea & Peterson H. Christopher, 2020. "Do Entrepreneurial Assistance Programs Create Value for Agri-Food Entrepreneurs?," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Mohamed Dahlan Ibrahim & Abdullah Al Mamun & Norasmah Othman & Mohd Nor Hakimin Yusoff & Naresh Kumar Samy & Suria Baba & Ahmad Syakir Junoh Ismail & Tengku Mohd Azizuddin Tuan Mahmood & Nik Nor Hafiz, 2019. "The Development of an Entrepreneurship Index for Low-Income Households," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 7(1), pages 16-29, January.

  15. Timothy Bates, 1994. "Firms Started As Franchises Have Lower Survival Rates Than Independent Small Business Startups," Working Papers 94-3, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Ollinger, Michael & Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge, 1998. "Innovation And Regulation In The Pesticide Industry," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 27(1), pages 1-13, April.

  16. Timothy Bates, 1993. "Determinants Of Survival And Profiability Among Asian Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses," Working Papers 93-11, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    2. Harriet Orcutt Duleep & David Jaeger & Mark C. Regets, 2013. "How Immigration May Affect U.S. Native Entrepreneurship: Theoretical Building Blocks and Preliminary Results," Working Papers 134, Department of Economics, College of William and Mary.

  17. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Harry Holzer & David Neumark, 1999. "Assessing Affirmative Action," NBER Working Papers 7323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Price, Gregory N., 1995. "The determinants of entry for black-owned commercial banks," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 289-303.
    3. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    4. Thomas Åstbro & Irwin Bernhardt, 2005. "The Winner’s Curse of Human Capital," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 63-78, February.
    5. Bates, Timothy, 1995. "Self-employment entry across industry groups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 143-156, March.
    6. Boyd, Robert L., 2008. "Trends in the occupations of eminent black entrepreneurs in the United States," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2390-2398, December.
    7. Alfred R Nucci, 1992. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database," Working Papers 92-7, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. Timothy Bates & Darrell Williams, 1995. "Preferential Procurement Programs Do Not Necessarily Help Minority-Owned Business," Working Papers 95-1, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    9. Dahlin, Kristina & Taylor, Margaret & Fichman, Mark, 2004. "Today's Edisons or weekend hobbyists: technical merit and success of inventions by independent inventors," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1167-1183, October.
    10. Thomas Astebro & I. Bernhardt, 2005. "The Winner's Curse of Human Capital," Post-Print hal-00476901, HAL.

  18. Timothy Bates, 1990. "Self-Employment Trends Among Mexican Americans," Working Papers 90-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. José García-Pabón & Kenneth Klima, 2017. "Latino small businesses in northwest Washington: Perceptions, challenges, and needs," Community Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 370-384, May.
    2. Douglas W Dwyer, 1995. "Whittling Away At Productivity Dispersion," Working Papers 95-5, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    3. Joe Mattey, 1993. "Evidence on IO Technology Assumptions From the Longitudinal Research Database," Working Papers 93-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    4. Nathan Fiala, 2013. "Skills in the Marketplace: Individual Characteristics and Bargaining Ability in a Field-Based Experiment," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 1326, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    5. Adela Luque & Javier Miranda, 2000. "Technology Use and Worker Outcomes: Direct Evidence from Linked Employee-Employer Data," Working Papers 00-13, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Bárbara J. Robles, 2007. "Tax Refunds and Microbusinesses: Expanding Family and Community Wealth Building in the Borderlands," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 178-191, September.
    7. Laura Orobia & Gerrit Rooks, 2011. "Risk Taking and Start-up Capital: Exploring Gender differences in Uganda, through an International Comparison," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 3(2), pages 83-93.
    8. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    9. Magnus Lofstrom & Chunbei Wang, 2007. "Mexican-Hispanic Self-Employment Entry: The Role of Business Start-Up Constraints," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 32-46, September.
    10. Bruder, Jana & Neuberger, Doris & Räthke-Döppner, Solvig, 2008. "Financial constraints of ethnic entrepreneurship: Evidence from Germany," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 84, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
    11. Julia Sass Rubin, 2009. "Developmental venture capital: conceptualizing the field," Venture Capital, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 335-360, July.
    12. Lofstrom, Magnus & Wang, Chunbei, 2006. "Hispanic Self-Employment: A Dynamic Analysis of Business Ownership," IZA Discussion Papers 2101, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Sang V Nguyen & Robert H Mcguckin & Arnold P Reznek, 1995. "The Impact Of Ownership Change On Employment, Wages, And Labor Productivity In U.S. Manufacturing 1977-87," Working Papers 95-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    14. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

  19. Alfred R Nucci & Timothy Bates, 1990. "An Analysis of Small Business Size and Rate of Discontinuance," Working Papers 90-2, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Frazer, Lorelle, 2001. "Causes of disruption to franchise operations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 54(3), pages 227-234, December.
    2. Stewart Thornhill & Raphael Amit, 2003. "Learning About Failure: Bankruptcy, Firm Age, and the Resource-Based View," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 14(5), pages 497-509, October.
    3. Brian Headd, 2001. "Business Success: Factors Leading to Surviving and Closing Successfully," Working Papers 01-01, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    4. Joe Mattey, 1993. "Evidence on IO Technology Assumptions From the Longitudinal Research Database," Working Papers 93-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    5. Susan Coleman, 2002. "Small Firm Use of Debt: An Examination of the Smallest Small Firms," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 7(1), pages 51-76, Spring.
    6. Susan Coleman & Richard Cohn, 2001. "The 'Lack of Separation' Revisited: Small Business Owners and Risk," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 6(1), pages 104-114, Spring.
    7. Catherine Armington & Zoltan Acs, 2000. "Differences in Job Growth and Persistence in Services and Manufacturing," Working Papers 00-04, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. John Watson & Jim Everett, 1996. "Small Business Failure Rates: Choice of Definition and the Size Effect," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 5(3), pages 271-285, Fall.
    9. Adela Luque & Javier Miranda, 2000. "Technology Use and Worker Outcomes: Direct Evidence from Linked Employee-Employer Data," Working Papers 00-13, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    10. Kuo-Feng Huang & Chwo-Ming Yu & Dah-Hsian Seetoo, 2012. "Firm innovation in policy-driven parks and spontaneous clusters: the smaller firm the better?," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 37(5), pages 715-731, October.
    11. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    12. Timothy Bates, 1997. "Survival Patterns Among Newcomers To Franchising," Working Papers 97-5, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    13. Gary Castrogiovanni & Robert Justis, 2007. "Franchise failure: a reassessment of the Bates (1995) results," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 1(3), pages 247-256, September.
    14. Dennis Glennon & Peter Nigro, 2005. "An Analysis of SBA Loan Defaults by Maturity Structure," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 28(1), pages 77-111, October.
    15. Kuo-Feng Huang & Chwo-Ming Yu, 2011. "The effect of competitive and non-competitive R&D collaboration on firm innovation," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 383-403, August.
    16. Robert H Mcguckin & Bradford J Jensen, 1996. "Firm Performance And Evolution Empirical Regularities In The U.S. Microdata," Working Papers 96-10, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    17. Catherine Armington & Zoltan J. Acs, 2008. "Job Creation and Persistence in Services and Manufacturing," Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, chapter 23, pages 324-340, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    18. Nguyen, Sang V & Streitwieser, Mary L, 1999. "Factor Substitution in U.S. Manufacturing: Does Plant Size Matter?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 41-57, February.
    19. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    20. Alfred R Nucci, 1992. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database," Working Papers 92-7, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    21. Sang V Nguyen & Robert H Mcguckin & Arnold P Reznek, 1995. "The Impact Of Ownership Change On Employment, Wages, And Labor Productivity In U.S. Manufacturing 1977-87," Working Papers 95-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    22. Eesley, Charles & Wang, Yanbo, 2017. "Social influence in career choice: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on entrepreneurial mentorship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 636-650.
    23. Lafontaine, Francine & Shaw, Kathryn L., 1998. "Franchising growth and franchisor entry and exit in the U.S. market: Myth and reality," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 95-112, March.
    24. Alfred R Nucci, 1989. "The Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) Database," Working Papers 89-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

  20. Timothy Bates, 1989. "Entrepreneur Factor Inputs and Small Business Longevity," Working Papers 89-4, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

    Cited by:

    1. Adela Luque & Javier Miranda, 2000. "Technology Use and Worker Outcomes: Direct Evidence from Linked Employee-Employer Data," Working Papers 00-13, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    2. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    3. Sarah Bridges & Louise Fox & Alessio Gaggero & Trudy Owens, 2013. "Labour Market Entry and Earnings: Evidence from Tanzanian Retrospective Data," Discussion Papers 13/05, University of Nottingham, CREDIT.
    4. Alfred R Nucci, 1992. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database," Working Papers 92-7, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    5. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "The influence of residential segregation and its correlates on ethnic enterprise in urban areas," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 513-527, September.
    6. Alfred R Nucci, 1989. "The Characteristics of Business Owners (CBO) Database," Working Papers 89-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.

Articles

  1. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.

    Cited by:

    1. T. William Lester & Matthew D. Wilson, 2023. "The Racial and Spatial Impacts of the Paycheck Protection Program," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 243-258, August.
    2. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    3. Nicholas Finio & Li Fang & Caila Prendergast & Gerrit-Jan Knaap, 2024. "Data on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)-Owned Businesses: What's Out There and What Can Be Done?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 38(2), pages 122-130, May.
    4. Colleen Casey & Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat, 2023. "Linkages between regional characteristics and small businesses viability," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 617-629, August.

  2. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & Robert Seamans, 2018. "Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 415-427, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Veiga, Pedro Mota & Teixeira, Sérgio Jesus & Figueiredo, Ronnie & Fernandes, Cristina I., 2020. "Entrepreneurship, innovation and competitiveness: A public institution love triangle," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    2. Bernard Hoekman & Bedri Kamil Onur Taş, 2022. "Procurement policy and SME participation in public purchasing," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 383-402, January.
    3. Bryan Malki & Timur Uman & Daniel Pittino, 2022. "The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1337-1365, March.
    4. Swab, R. Gabrielle & Wolfe, Marcus, 2023. "Game on! Age, race, and performance in the board game industry," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    5. Arkangel M. Cordero & Alexander C. Lewis, 2024. "How Does Regional Social Capital Structure the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship, Ethnic Diversity, and Residential Segregation?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(3), pages 788-825, May.
    6. Rachel Atkins & Lisa Cook & Robert Seamans, 2022. "Discrimination in lending? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 843-865, February.
    7. Dewen Liu & Shenghao Han & Chunyang Zhou, 2022. "The Influence of Physical Exercise Frequency and Intensity on Individual Entrepreneurial Behavior: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Gregory N, Price & Bussey, Tiffany, 2024. "Can business clinics induce minority entrepreneurship? Treatment effect estimates from Atlanta and New Orleans," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
    9. Gaetan de Rassenfosse & Paul Jensen & T'Mir Julius & Alfons Palangkaraya & Elizabeth Webster, 2021. "Is the patent system a level playing field? The effect of patent attorney firms," Working Papers 15, Chair of Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy.
    10. Inessa Love, 2020. "Entrepreneurial Access to Finance in the US," Working Papers 202004, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    11. Paige Clayton, 2024. "Different outcomes for different founders? Local organizational sponsorship and entrepreneurial finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 23-62, January.
    12. Ting Zhang & Zoltan Acs, 2019. "Does Generation Matter to Entrepreneurship? Four Generations of Entrepreneurs," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(2), pages 459-477, October.
    13. Jack I. Richter & Pankaj C. Patel, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hours lost by self-employed racial minorities: evidence from Brazil," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 769-805, February.
    14. Md Mizanur Rahman & Ali A. Hadi Alshawi & Mehedi Hasan, 2021. "Entrepreneurship in Ethnic Enterprises: The Making of New Immigrant Businesses in New York," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    15. Pan, Mengyang & Hill, James & Blount, Ian & Rungtusanatham, Manus, 2022. "Relationship building and minority business growth: Does participating in activities sponsored by institutional intermediaries help?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 830-843.
    16. Qingfang Wang & Wei Kang, 2023. "Small businesses and government assistance during COVID-19: Evidence from the paycheck protection program in the U.S," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(8), pages 2147-2165, November.
    17. Maximilian Benner, 2023. "Making spatial evolution work for all? A framework for inclusive path development," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 16(3), pages 445-462.
    18. Gregory N. Price & Chris W. Surprenant, 2022. "The Treatment Effect of Business Education on the Supply of High School Entrepreneurs in Atlanta and New Orleans," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 67(1), pages 85-98, March.

  3. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Eugene Tan & Teegawende H. Zeida, 2023. "Consumer Demand and Credit Supply as Barriers to Growth for Black-Owned Startups," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 079, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    2. Fausto Hernández-Trillo & Ana Laura Martínez-Gutiérrez, 2022. "The Dark Road to Credit Applications: The Small-Business Case of Mexico," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 62(1), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Jackson William E. & Marino Louis & Naidoo Jefrey S. & Tucker Reginald, 2018. "Size Matters: The Impact of Loan Size on Measures of Disparate Treatment toward Minority Entrepreneurs in the Small Firm Credit Market," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

  4. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2018. "Differences Between Latino-Owned Businesses and White-, Black-, or Asian-Owned Businesses: Evidence From Census Microdata," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(3), pages 225-241, August.
    2. Joseph Farhat & Sharon Matusik & Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "New directions in entrepreneurship research with the Kauffman Firm Survey," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 521-532, March.
    3. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Brown, J. David & Earle, John S., 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," IZA Discussion Papers 14403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Eugene Tan & Teegawende H. Zeida, 2023. "Consumer Demand and Credit Supply as Barriers to Growth for Black-Owned Startups," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 079, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    5. T. William Lester & Matthew D. Wilson, 2023. "The Racial and Spatial Impacts of the Paycheck Protection Program," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 243-258, August.
    6. Mohammed Alyakoob & Mohammad S. Rahman, 2022. "Shared Prosperity (or Lack Thereof) in the Sharing Economy," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(2), pages 638-658, June.
    7. Paige Clayton, 2024. "Different outcomes for different founders? Local organizational sponsorship and entrepreneurial finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 23-62, January.
    8. Nicholas Finio & Li Fang & Caila Prendergast & Gerrit-Jan Knaap, 2024. "Data on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)-Owned Businesses: What's Out There and What Can Be Done?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 38(2), pages 122-130, May.
    9. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    10. Edson Mbedzi & Munacinga Simatele, 2022. "Lending Technologies, Firm Characteristics and Small Business Efficiency in South Africa," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-16, November.
    11. Jackson William E. & Marino Louis & Naidoo Jefrey S. & Tucker Reginald, 2018. "Size Matters: The Impact of Loan Size on Measures of Disparate Treatment toward Minority Entrepreneurs in the Small Firm Credit Market," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "Testing for racial bias in business credit scores," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 429-443, March.
    13. Colleen Casey & Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat, 2023. "Linkages between regional characteristics and small businesses viability," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 617-629, August.
    14. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    16. Iryna Demko & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2023. "Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Amounts," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 211-229, August.
    17. Maude Toussaint-Comeau & Robin Newberger & Darline Augustine, 2016. "Inclusive Cluster-Based Development Strategies for Inner Cities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 171-184, May.

  5. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2015. "Has the Community Reinvestment Act increased loan availability among small businesses operating in minority neighbourhoods?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(9), pages 1702-1721, July.

    Cited by:

    1. Teresa Kroeger & Graham Wright, 2021. "Entrepreneurship and the Racial Wealth Gap: The Impact of Entrepreneurial Success or Failure on the Wealth Mobility of Black and White Families," Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, Springer, vol. 4(3), pages 183-195, September.
    2. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Brown, J. David & Earle, John S., 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," IZA Discussion Papers 14403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Eugene Tan & Teegawende H. Zeida, 2023. "Consumer Demand and Credit Supply as Barriers to Growth for Black-Owned Startups," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 079, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    4. Kim, Mee Jung, 2023. "Impact of the Community Reinvestment Act on small business employment in lower income neighborhoods," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    5. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Earle, John S., 2021. "Does the Community Reinvestment Act increase lending to small businesses in lower income neighborhoods?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    6. Amol M. Joshi & Todd M. Inouye & Jeffrey A. Robinson, 2018. "How does agency workforce diversity influence Federal R&D funding of minority and women technology entrepreneurs? An analysis of the SBIR and STTR programs, 2001–2011," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 499-519, March.
    7. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    8. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.
    9. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Earle, John S., 2021. "Does the Community Reinvestment Act Increase Small Business Lending in Lower Income Neighborhoods?," IZA Discussion Papers 14681, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Qingfang Wang & Wei Kang, 2023. "Small businesses and government assistance during COVID-19: Evidence from the paycheck protection program in the U.S," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(8), pages 2147-2165, November.
    11. Colleen Casey & Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat, 2023. "Linkages between regional characteristics and small businesses viability," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 617-629, August.
    12. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Brett Barkley & Mark Schweitzer, 2023. "Credit Availability for Minority Business Owners in an Evolving Credit Environment," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 230-242, August.
    14. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.
    15. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

  6. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy & Parker, Simon C., 2014. "Why are some people more likely to become small-businesses owners than others: Entrepreneurship entry and industry-specific barriers," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 232-251.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & Robert Seamans, 2018. "Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 415-427, March.
    2. Dianne H. B. Welsh & Eugene Kaciak, 2019. "Family enrichment and women entrepreneurial success: the mediating effect of family interference," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1045-1075, December.
    3. Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr, 2016. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship," CESifo Working Paper Series 6197, CESifo.
    4. Grimes, Matthew G. & Gehman, Joel & Cao, Ke, 2018. "Positively deviant: Identity work through B Corporation certification," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 130-148.
    5. Chloé Duvivier & Emma Cazou & Stéphanie Truchet‐Aznar & Cédric Brunelle & Jean Dubé, 2021. "When, where, and for what industries does broadband foster establishment births?," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(6), pages 1377-1401, December.
    6. Koffi Elitcha & Raquel Fonseca, 2016. "Self-Employment, Wealth and Start-up Costs: Evidence from a Financial Crisis," CIRANO Working Papers 2016s-51, CIRANO.
    7. Fairlie, Robert, 2015. "Immigration and Entrepreneurship," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt6945t95k, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    8. Qin, Fei & Mickiewicz, Tomasz & Estrin, Saul, 2022. "Homophily and peer influence in early-stage new venture informal investment," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 110890, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    9. Knatko, D. & Shirokova, G. & Bogatyreva, K., 2015. "Industry choice by young entrepreneurs in different country settings: The role of human and financial capital," Working Papers 6426, Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University.
    10. Bartz, Wiebke & Winkler, Adalbert, 2016. "Flexible or fragile? The growth performance of small and young businesses during the global financial crisis — Evidence from Germany," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 196-215.
    11. Baum, Christopher F & Dastory, Linda & Lööf, Hans & Stephan, Andreas, 2018. "Migrant STEM Entrepreneurs," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 474, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    12. Marcus H. Böhme & Sarah Kups, 2017. "The economic effects of labour immigration in developing countries: A literature review," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 335, OECD Publishing.
    13. Mika Maliranta & Satu Nurmi, 2019. "Business owners, employees, and firm performance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 111-129, January.
    14. Bennett, Daniel L., 2019. "Infrastructure investments and entrepreneurial dynamism in the U.S," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1-1.
    15. Baylee Smith & Angelino Viceisza, 2018. "Bite me! ABC’s Shark Tank as a path to entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 463-479, March.
    16. Chen, Jean Jinghan & Cui, Chuantao & Hunt, Richard A. & Li, Leona Shao-Zhi, 2020. "External enablement of new venture creation: An exploratory, query-driven assessment of China's high-speed rail expansion," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(6).
    17. David Audretsch & Diana Heger & Tobias Veith, 2015. "Infrastructure and entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 219-230, February.
    18. Welsh, Dianne H.B. & Botero, Isabel C. & Kaciak, Eugene & Kopaničová, Janka, 2021. "Family emotional support in the transformation of women entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 444-451.
    19. Shahid, Pirzada Syed Rizwan, 2023. "Founder's Human Capital and the Entrepreneurial Process Duration," OSF Preprints yf6mg, Center for Open Science.
    20. Gumus, Gulcin & Regan, Tracy L., 2015. "Self-employment and the role of health insurance in the U.S," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 357-374.
    21. Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr, 2021. "Whose Job Is It Anyway? Co-Ethnic Hiring in New U.S. Ventures," NBER Working Papers 28509, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    22. Ma, Liya & Niu, Dongxiao & Sun, Weizeng, 2021. "Transportation infrastructure and entrepreneurship: Evidence from high-speed railway in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    23. Cai, Zhengyu & Winters, John V., 2017. "Self-Employment Differentials among Foreign-Born STEM and Non-STEM Workers," IZA Discussion Papers 10688, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    24. Ahn, Kunwon & Winters, John V., 2021. "Does Education Enhance Entrepreneurship?," IZA Discussion Papers 14655, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    25. Aaron H. Anglin & Aaron F. McKenny & Jeremy C. Short, 2018. "The Impact of Collective Optimism on New Venture Creation and Growth: A Social Contagion Perspective," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(3), pages 390-425, May.
    26. Casey J. Frid & David M. Wyman & Bentley Coffey, 2016. "Effects of wealth inequality on entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 895-920, December.
    27. Alina Sorgner & Michael Fritsch, 2018. "Entrepreneurial career paths: occupational context and the propensity to become self-employed," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 129-152, June.
    28. Saras D. Sarasvathy, 2021. "The Middle Class of Business: Endurance as a Dependent Variable in Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(5), pages 1054-1082, September.
    29. Nicholas Litsardopoulos & George Saridakis & Chris Hand, 2020. "The Effects of Rural and Urban Areas on Time Allocated to Self-Employment: Differences between Men and Women," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-18, August.
    30. Yuji Honjo & Kenta Ikeuchi & Hiroki Nakamura, 2022. "The Mediating Effect of Financial Motives in the Association between Entrepreneurial Experience and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Japan," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(2), pages 1043-1067, April.
    31. Pilar García Perea & Concepción Román, 2019. "Characterisation of self-employment in Spain from a European perspective," Economic Bulletin, Banco de España, issue JUN.
    32. Eliud Dismas Moyi, 2019. "The effect of mobile technology on self-employment in Kenya," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    33. Zhenjun Yan & Xinyan Wu & Jing Li & Bingqing Liang, 2022. "Competition and Heterogeneous Innovation Qualities: Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-21, June.
    34. Ebbers, Joris J. & Wijnberg, Nachoem M., 2019. "The co-evolution of social networks and selection system orientations as core constituents of institutional logics of future entrepreneurs at school," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 558-577.
    35. Welsh, Dianne H.B. & Kaciak, Eugene & Thongpapanl, Narongsak, 2016. "Influence of stages of economic development on women entrepreneurs' startups," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 4933-4940.
    36. Kezhou Xiao, 2024. "Becoming global billionaires from mainland China: 2004–2018," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 753-773, February.
    37. George Acheampong, 2017. "Beyond the EJ model: entrepreneurial orientation and industry choice of Ghanaian entrepreneurs," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 7(1), pages 1-10, December.
    38. Hazarika, Bhabesh & Goswami, Kishor, 2014. "Rural Non-Farm Micro-Entrepreneurship or Not: Gender Issue in Decision Making," EconStor Conference Papers 125611, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    39. Klyver, Kim & Steffens, Paul & Lomberg, Carina, 2020. "Having your cake and eating it too? A two-stage model of the impact of employment and parallel job search on hybrid nascent entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    40. Lois M. Shelton & Maria Minniti, 2018. "Enhancing product market access: Minority entrepreneurship, status leveraging, and preferential procurement programs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 481-498, March.
    41. Guido Buenstorf & Kristian Nielsen & Bram Timmermans, 2016. "Steve Jobs or No Jobs? Entrepreneurial activity and performance among Danish college dropouts and graduates," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201628, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    42. Marlene Orozco, 2022. "The salience of ethnic identity in entrepreneurship: an ethnic strategies of business action framework," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 243-268, June.
    43. Gänser-Stickler, Gertraud M. & Schulz, Matthias & Schwens, Christian, 2022. "Sitting on the fence - Untangling the role of uncertainty in entrepreneurship and paid employment for hybrid entry," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(2).
    44. Evila Piva & Cristina Rossi-Lamastra, 2018. "Human capital signals and entrepreneurs’ success in equity crowdfunding," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 667-686, October.
    45. Evelyn Micelotta & Marvin Washington & Iva Docekalova, 2018. "Industry Gender Imprinting and New Venture Creation: The Liabilities of Women’s Leagues in the Sports Industry," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(1), pages 94-128, January.
    46. Nicholas Litsardopoulos & George Saridakis & Yannis Georgellis & Chris Hand, 2023. "Self-employment experience effects on well-being: A longitudinal study," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 44(2), pages 454-480, May.
    47. Welsh, Dianne H.B. & Kaciak, Eugene & Shamah, Rania, 2018. "Determinants of women entrepreneurs' firm performance in a hostile environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 481-491.
    48. M. Diane Burton & Jesper B. Sørensen & Stanislav D. Dobrev, 2016. "A Careers Perspective on Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(2), pages 237-247, March.
    49. Pan, Mengyang & Hill, James & Blount, Ian & Rungtusanatham, Manus, 2022. "Relationship building and minority business growth: Does participating in activities sponsored by institutional intermediaries help?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 830-843.
    50. Chowdhury, Sanjib K. & Endres, Megan Lee, 2021. "The influence of regional economy- and industry-level environmental munificence on young firm growth," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 29-36.
    51. Jamal Mohammad Ibrahim Abdulla Alnassai, 2023. "A Study on the Barriers to Entrepreneurship in the UAE," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, February.
    52. Ada Domanska & Robert Zajkowski, 2022. "Barriers to gaining support: a prospect of entrepreneurial activity of family and non-family firms in Poland," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 17(1), pages 191-224, March.
    53. Margaret E. Blume-Kohout, 2016. "Why are some foreign-born workers more entrepreneurial than others?," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 41(6), pages 1327-1353, December.
    54. Norbäck, Pehr-Johan & Persson, Lars & Svensson, Roger, 2016. "Creative destruction and productive preemptive acquisitions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 326-343.
    55. Wooseung Lee & Boyoung Kim, 2019. "Business Sustainability of Start-Ups Based on Government Support: An Empirical Study of Korean Start-Ups," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-20, September.
    56. Sari Pekkala Kerr & William R. Kerr & Tina Xu, 2017. "Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs: A Review of Recent Literature," NBER Working Papers 24097, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    57. Pekkala Kerr, Sari & Kerr, William, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: Evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(3).
    58. Kaciak, Eugene & Welsh, Dianne H.B., 2020. "Women entrepreneurs and work–life interface: The impact of sustainable economies on success," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 281-290.
    59. Han, Jin & Zhou, Haibo & Löwik, Sandor & de Weerd-Nederhof, Petra, 2022. "Building and sustaining emerging ecosystems through new focal ventures: Evidence from China's bike-sharing industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    60. Daniela Ionita & Ionel Dumitru & Mihaela Constantinescu & Stefan Caescu, 2015. "Entrereneurial Clusters in European Union. A Macroeconomic Comparative Analysis," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(38), pages 1-93, February.
    61. Robert M. Feinberg & Daniel Kuehn, 2020. "Does a Guaranteed Basic Income Encourage Entrepreneurship? Evidence from Alaska," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 57(3), pages 607-626, November.
    62. Monique Ingrid Boddington, 2024. "Reshaping gendered norms in entrepreneurship: Incorporating gender identity and entrepreneurial practice," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 378-398, March.
    63. Struckell, Elisabeth M. & Patel, Pankaj C. & Ojha, Divesh & Oghazi, Pejvak, 2022. "Financial literacy and self employment – The moderating effect of gender and race," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 639-653.
    64. Sarkar, Soumodip & Rufín, Carlos & Haughton, Jonathan, 2018. "Inequality and entrepreneurial thresholds," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 278-295.

  7. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2014. "Small-business viability in America’s urban minority communities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(13), pages 2844-2862, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & Robert Seamans, 2018. "Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 415-427, March.
    2. Ratan J. S. Dheer, 2018. "Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 555-614, September.
    3. Joseph Farhat & Sharon Matusik & Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "New directions in entrepreneurship research with the Kauffman Firm Survey," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 521-532, March.
    4. Rachel Meltzer & Sean Capperis, 2017. "Neighbourhood differences in retail turnover: Evidence from New York City," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(13), pages 3022-3057, October.
    5. Bethany Smith & Charles M. Tolbert, 2018. "Financial Motivations And Small Business Longevity: The Effects Of Gender And Race," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(04), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Alesia Montgomery, 2016. "Reappearance of the Public: Placemaking, Minoritization and Resistance in Detroit," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 776-799, July.
    7. Christopher J. Boudreaux, 2021. "Employee compensation and new venture performance: does benefit type matter?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1453-1477, October.
    8. Paige Clayton, 2024. "Different outcomes for different founders? Local organizational sponsorship and entrepreneurial finance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 23-62, January.
    9. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    10. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.
    12. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

  8. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & Robert Seamans, 2018. "Minority entrepreneurship in twenty-first century America," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 415-427, March.
    2. Joseph Farhat & Sharon Matusik & Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "New directions in entrepreneurship research with the Kauffman Firm Survey," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 521-532, March.
    3. Cozzolino, Stefano & Moroni, Stefano, 2021. "Multiple agents and self-organisation in complex cities: The crucial role of several property," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    4. Stephan J. Goetz & Anil Rupasingha, 2014. "The Determinants of Self-Employment Growth," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 28(1), pages 42-60, February.
    5. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2014. "Small-business viability in America’s urban minority communities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(13), pages 2844-2862, October.
    6. Min Bai & Samir Harith, 2023. "Measuring SMEs Risk – Evidence from Malaysia," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(7), pages 1-32, July.
    7. Rachel Atkins & Lisa Cook & Robert Seamans, 2022. "Discrimination in lending? Evidence from the Paycheck Protection Program," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 843-865, February.
    8. Michael H. Morris & Donald F. Kuratko & David B. Audretsch & Susana Santos, 2022. "Overcoming the liability of poorness: disadvantage, fragility, and the poverty entrepreneur," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 41-55, January.
    9. Gutierrez Angelica S. & D’Mello Jason Francis, 2020. "Not All Entrepreneurs are Viewed Equally: A Social Dominance Theory Perspective on Access to Capital," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-11, January.
    10. T. William Lester & Matthew D. Wilson, 2023. "The Racial and Spatial Impacts of the Paycheck Protection Program," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 243-258, August.
    11. Mohammed Alyakoob & Mohammad S. Rahman, 2022. "Shared Prosperity (or Lack Thereof) in the Sharing Economy," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(2), pages 638-658, June.
    12. Ashok K. Mishra & Gianna Short & Charles B. Dodson, 2024. "Racial disparities in farm loan application processing: Are Black farmers disadvantaged?," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 46(1), pages 111-136, March.
    13. Inessa Love, 2020. "Entrepreneurial Access to Finance in the US," Working Papers 202004, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    14. Brett Barkley & Mark E. Schweitzer, 2022. "Credit Availability for Minority Business Owners in an Evolving Credit Environment: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Papers 22-18, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    15. Albert Sumell, 2020. "Overdose Deaths and Entrepreneurial Activity," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, March.
    16. Nicholas Finio & Li Fang & Caila Prendergast & Gerrit-Jan Knaap, 2024. "Data on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)-Owned Businesses: What's Out There and What Can Be Done?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 38(2), pages 122-130, May.
    17. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.
    18. Ana Claudia Sant’Anna & Kevin Kim & Iryna Demko, 2022. "Limits to Capital: Assessing the Role of Race on the Paycheck Protection Program for African American Farmers in America," 2022 Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition, October 17-18, 2022, Detroit, Michigan 329080, Regional Research Committee NC-1177 (formerly NC-1014): Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition.
    19. Jackson William E. & Marino Louis & Naidoo Jefrey S. & Tucker Reginald, 2018. "Size Matters: The Impact of Loan Size on Measures of Disparate Treatment toward Minority Entrepreneurs in the Small Firm Credit Market," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, October.
    20. Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2018. "Testing for racial bias in business credit scores," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 429-443, March.
    21. Yuri Ostrovsky & Garnett Picot & Danny Leung, 2019. "The financing of immigrant-owned firms in Canada," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 303-317, January.
    22. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Glinka, Beata & Glińska-Neweś, Aldona & Zakrzewska-Bielawska, Agnieszka, 2023. "A resource interaction perspective on resource use and development in migrant entrepreneur networks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    24. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.
    25. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    26. Dabić, Marina & Vlačić, Bozidar & Paul, Justin & Dana, Leo-Paul & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Glinka, Beata, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 25-38.
    27. Iryna Demko & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2023. "Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Amounts," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 211-229, August.

  10. Jackson, William E. & Bates, Timothy & Bradford, William D., 2012. "Does venture capitalist activism improve investment performance?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 342-354.

    Cited by:

    1. Rafał Morawczyński, 2020. "Venture Capitalists’ Investment Criteria in Poland: Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Entrepreneurs, and Founding Teams," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-30, October.
    2. Bengtsson, Ola & Hsu, David H., 2015. "Ethnic matching in the U.S. venture capital market," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 338-354.
    3. Claire Champenois & Michel Devigne & François-Régis Puyou, 2017. "Le rôle de l'organisation du travail des capital investisseurs dans la construction de relations interpersonnelles avec les entrepreneurs," Post-Print hal-01709993, HAL.
    4. Carolin Bock & Christian Hackober, 2020. "Unicorns—what drives multibillion-dollar valuations?," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 13(3), pages 949-984, November.
    5. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.
    6. Jeffrey J. Reuer & Ramakrishna Devarakonda, 2017. "Partner Selection in R&D Collaborations: Effects of Affiliations with Venture Capitalists," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 28(3), pages 574-595, June.
    7. Christian Hackober & Carolin Bock, 2021. "Which investors’ characteristics are beneficial for initial coin offerings? Evidence from blockchain technology-based firms," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(8), pages 1085-1124, October.
    8. Buchner, Axel & Mohamed, Abdulkadir & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2017. "Diversification, risk, and returns in venture capital," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 519-535.
    9. Antretter, Torben & Sirén, Charlotta & Grichnik, Dietmar & Wincent, Joakim, 2020. "Should business angels diversify their investment portfolios to achieve higher performance? The role of knowledge access through co-investment networks," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    10. Rohit Aggarwal & Michael J Lee & Braxton Osting & Harpreet Singh, 2021. "Improving Funding Operations of Equity‐based Crowdfunding Platforms," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(11), pages 4121-4139, November.

  11. Bates, Timothy, 2011. "Minority Entrepreneurship," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 7(3–4), pages 151-311, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Bird, Miriam & Wennberg, Karl, 2016. "Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs' exit from entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 687-704.
    2. Efendic, Nedim & Andersson, Fredrik W. & Wennberg, Karl, 2015. "Growth in first- and second-generation immigrant firms in Sweden," Ratio Working Papers 265, The Ratio Institute.
    3. Richard Fabling, 2018. "Entrepreneurial beginnings: Transitions to self-employment and the creation of jobs," Working Papers 18_12, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
    4. Timothy Bates, 1988. "Do black-owned businesses employ minority workers? new evidence," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 51-64, March.
    5. Kourtit, Karima & Nijkamp, Peter, 2012. "Strangers on the Move: Ethnic Entrepreneurs as Urban Change Actors," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(3), pages 376-402, May.
    6. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    7. Timothy Bates, 1985. "Impact of preferential procurement policies on minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 51-65, June.
    8. Lashawn Richburg Hayes, 2000. "Do the Poor Pay More? An Empirical Investigation of Price Dispersion in Food Retailing," Working Papers 825, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section..
    9. Marie T. Mora & Alberto D?vila, 2014. "Gender and Business Outcomes of Black and Hispanic New Entrepreneurs in the United States," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 245-249, May.
    10. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy & Parker, Simon C., 2014. "Why are some people more likely to become small-businesses owners than others: Entrepreneurship entry and industry-specific barriers," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 232-251.
    11. Ken Clark, 2015. "Ethnic minority self-employment," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 120-120, January.
    12. Arthur Woolf, 1986. "Market structure and minority presence: Black-owned firms in manufacturing," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(4), pages 79-89, March.
    13. Haans, Richard F.J. & van den Oever, Koen, 2021. "Foreign entrepreneurs engage in less misconduct than native entrepreneurs: Evidence from U.K. director disqualifications," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    14. Timothy Bates, 1986. "Characteristics of minorities who are entering self-employment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 31-49, September.
    15. John Heywood, 1988. "Market structure and the pattern of black-owned firms," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 65-76, March.
    16. Mai Camilla Munkejord, 2015. "Modes of Entry to Male Immigrant Entrepreneurship in a Rural Context: Start-up Stories from Northern Norway," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 3(3), pages 143-160.

  12. Timothy Bates & Magnus Lofstrom & Lisa J. Servon, 2011. "Why Have Lending Programs Targeting Disadvantaged Small Business Borrowers Achieved So Little Success in the United States?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(3), pages 255-266, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  13. Timothy Bates, 2010. "Alleviating the Financial Capital Barriers Impeding Business Development in Inner Cities," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 76(3), pages 349-362.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2014. "Small-business viability in America’s urban minority communities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(13), pages 2844-2862, October.
    2. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2015. "Has the Community Reinvestment Act increased loan availability among small businesses operating in minority neighbourhoods?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(9), pages 1702-1721, July.
    3. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.
    4. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

  14. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2009. "The impact of institutional sources of capital upon the minority-oriented venture capital industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 485-496, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Isabelle Agier & Ariane Szafarz, 2011. "Subjectivity in Credit Allocation to Micro-Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Brazil," Working Papers CEB 11-016, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.

  15. Timothy Bates, 2009. "Utilizing Affirmative Action in Public Sector Procurement as a Local Economic Development Strategy," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 23(3), pages 180-192, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Grant H. Lewis, 2017. "Effects of federal socioeconomic contracting preferences," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 763-783, December.
    2. Elsie Harper-Anderson, 2012. "Exploring What Greening the Economy Means for African American Workers, Entrepreneurs, and Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 26(2), pages 162-177, May.
    3. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    4. Lois M. Shelton & Maria Minniti, 2018. "Enhancing product market access: Minority entrepreneurship, status leveraging, and preferential procurement programs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 481-498, March.
    5. Pan, Mengyang & Hill, James & Blount, Ian & Rungtusanatham, Manus, 2022. "Relationship building and minority business growth: Does participating in activities sponsored by institutional intermediaries help?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 830-843.
    6. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2013. "Greater Access to Capital Is Needed to Unleash the Local Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(3), pages 250-259, August.

  16. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2009. "Latina entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 427-439, December.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  17. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford, 2008. "Venture-Capital Investment in Minority Business," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(2-3), pages 489-504, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2004. "Analysis of venture-capital funds that finance minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 32(1), pages 37-46, September.
    2. Fairlie, Robert W. & Krashinsky, Harry A., 2011. "Liquidity Constraints, Household Wealth, and Entrepreneurship Revisited," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt6hv0m2q6, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    3. Timothy Bates, 2009. "Utilizing Affirmative Action in Public Sector Procurement as a Local Economic Development Strategy," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 23(3), pages 180-192, August.
    4. Baylee Smith & Angelino Viceisza, 2018. "Bite me! ABC’s Shark Tank as a path to entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 463-479, March.
    5. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2009. "The impact of institutional sources of capital upon the minority-oriented venture capital industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 485-496, December.
    6. Russell Kashian & Robert Drago, 2017. "Minority-Owned Banks and Bank Failures After the Financial Collapse," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(1), pages 5-36, February.
    7. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    8. Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "Minority and immigrant entrepreneurs: access to financial capital," Chapters, in: Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, chapter 8, pages 153-175, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    9. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.
    10. Cole, Rebel & Cumming, Douglas & Li, Dan, 2016. "Do banks or VCs spur small firm growth?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 60-72.
    11. Paglia, John K. & Harjoto, Maretno A., 2014. "The effects of private equity and venture capital on sales and employment growth in small and medium-sized businesses," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 177-197.
    12. Jackson, William E. & Bates, Timothy & Bradford, William D., 2012. "Does venture capitalist activism improve investment performance?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 342-354.
    13. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

  18. Bates, Timothy & Robb, Alicia, 2008. "Analysis of young neighborhood firms serving urban minority clients," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(1-2), pages 139-148.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  19. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2008. "Crime's Impact on the Survival Prospects of Young Urban Small Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 22(3), pages 228-238, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  20. Timothy Bates, 2006. "Alleviating the lagging performance of economically depressed communities and regions," Proceedings: Community Affairs Dept. Conferences, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, issue Jul, pages 1-16.

    Cited by:

    1. Sipos-Gug Sebastian & Badulescu Alina, 2014. "Entrepreneurship In Constructions Sector - Explanatory Economic Factors And Forecasts For Romania," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 379-389, July.

  21. Timothy Bates & William Bradford & Julia Sass Rubin, 2006. "The Viability of the Minority-Oriented Venture-Capital Industry Under Alternative Financing Arrangements," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(2), pages 178-191, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2009. "The impact of institutional sources of capital upon the minority-oriented venture capital industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 485-496, December.
    2. Julia Sass Rubin, 2006. "Financing rural innovation with community development venture capital: models, options and obstacles," Community Development Innovation Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue 3, pages 15-27.
    3. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2007. "Traits and Performance of the Minority Venture-Capital Industry," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 95-107, September.
    4. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

  22. Bates, Timothy, 2005. "Analysis of young, small firms that have closed: delineating successful from unsuccessful closures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 343-358, May.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  23. Tim Bates & David Fasenfest, 2005. "Enforcement Mechanisms Discouraging Black–American Presence in Suburban Detroit," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(4), pages 960-971, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Dewey, Matías & Woll, Cornelia & Ronconi, Lucas, 2021. "The political economy of law enforcement," MaxPo Discussion Paper Series 21/1, Max Planck Sciences Po Center on Coping with Instability in Market Societies (MaxPo).
    2. Dana Kornberg, 2016. "The Structural Origins of Territorial Stigma: Water and Racial Politics in Metropolitan Detroit, 1950s–2010s," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(2), pages 263-283, March.

  24. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2004. "Analysis of venture-capital funds that finance minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 32(1), pages 37-46, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

  25. Timothy Bates & Constance R. Dunham, 2003. "Introduction to Focus Issue: Use of Financial Services by Low-Income Households," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 17(1), pages 3-7, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Loibl, Cäzilia & Jones, Lauren & Haisley, Emily, 2018. "Testing strategies to increase saving in individual development account programs," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 45-63.

  26. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Government as Venture Capital Catalyst: Pitfalls and Promising Approaches," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 16(1), pages 49-59, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Eric Scorsone & Stephan Weiler, 2004. "New Markets as Informational Asymmetries," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 18(3), pages 303-313, August.
    2. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Rejoinder to Charles D. Tansey: Moving Toward a More Effective Small Business Administration," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 16(2), pages 185-190, May.
    3. Douglas Cumming, 2007. "Financing Entrepreneurs Better Canadian Policy for Venture Capital," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 247, April.

  27. Bates, Timothy, 2002. "Restricted access to markets characterizes women-owned businesses," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 313-324, July.

    Cited by:

    1. Douwere Grekou & Jenny Watt & Horatio M. Morgan, 2023. "Gender productivity gap: does gender-equal ownership compensate for female entrepreneurs’ lack of prior industry experience?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1543-1571, April.
    2. Dominic Chalmers & Niall G. MacKenzie & Sara Carter, 2021. "Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship: Implications for Venture Creation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(5), pages 1028-1053, September.
    3. Pinazo-Dallenbach, Pablo & Mas-Tur, Alicia & Lloria, Begoña, 2016. "Using high-potential firms as the key to achieving territorial development," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1412-1417.
    4. Stefano Denicolai & Birgit Hagen & Alessia Pisoni, 2015. "Be international or be innovative? Be both? The role of the entrepreneurial profile," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 390-417, December.
    5. Matthijs J H M van der Loos & Cornelius A Rietveld & Niina Eklund & Philipp D Koellinger & Fernando Rivadeneira & Gonçalo R Abecasis & Georgina A Ankra-Badu & Sebastian E Baumeister & Daniel J Benjami, 2013. "The Molecular Genetic Architecture of Self-Employment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Brogaard, Jonathan & Gerasimova, Nataliya & Rohrer, Maximilian, 2024. "The effect of female leadership on contracting from Capitol Hill to Main Street," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    7. BABA Ryota & MOTOHASHI Kazuyuki, 2013. "Entrepreneurship and Human Capital: Empirical study using a survey of entrepreneurs in Japan," Discussion papers 13049, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    8. Hsu, David H. & Roberts, Edward B. & Eesley, Charles E., 2007. "Entrepreneurs from technology-based universities: Evidence from MIT," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 768-788, June.
    9. Sascha G. Walter & K. Praveen Parboteeah & Achim Walter, 2013. "University Departments and Self–Employment Intentions of Business Students: A Cross–Level Analysis," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(2), pages 175-200, March.
    10. Paul J A Robson & Sarah L Jack & Mark S Freel, 2008. "Gender and the Use of Business Advice: Evidence from Firms in the Scottish Service Sector," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 26(2), pages 292-314, April.
    11. Hatice Jenkins & Salih Katircioglu, 2007. "Factors Affecting the Business Performance of Female Owned Enterprises in TRNC," Development Discussion Papers 2007-06, JDI Executive Programs.
    12. Matthews, Russell S. & Chalmers, Dominic M. & Fraser, Simon S., 2018. "The intersection of entrepreneurship and selling: An interdisciplinary review, framework, and future research agenda," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 691-719.
    13. Ana Tur-Porcar & Alicia Mas-Tur & José Antonio Belso, 2017. "Barriers to women entrepreneurship. Different methods, different results?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2019-2034, September.
    14. Francesca Maria Cesaroni & Maria Gabriella Pediconi & Annalisa Sentuti, 2018. "It’s Always a Women’s Problem! Micro-Entrepreneurs, Work-Family Balance and Economic Crisis," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-16, November.
    15. Bradley, Samantha R. & Gicheva, Dora & Hassell, Lydia & Link, Albert N., 2013. "Gender Differences in Access to Private Investment Funding to Support the Development of New Technologies," UNCG Economics Working Papers 13-9, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics.
    16. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 46-74, January.
    17. Mas-Tur, Alicia & Pinazo, Pablo & Tur-Porcar, Ana María & Sánchez-Masferrer, Manuel, 2015. "What to avoid to succeed as an entrepreneur," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(11), pages 2279-2284.
    18. Tristan Boyer & Régis Blazy, 2013. "Born to be alive? The survival of innovative and non," Working Papers 2013-12, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    19. Mansura Akter & Mahfuzur Rahman & Dragana Radicic, 2019. "Women Entrepreneurship in International Trade: Bridging the Gap by Bringing Feminist Theories into Entrepreneurship and Internationalization Theories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-28, November.
    20. Surender Mor & Sonu Madan & Geoffrey R. Archer & Arvind Ashta, 2020. "Survival of the Smallest: A Study of Microenterprises in Haryana, India," Millennial Asia, , vol. 11(1), pages 54-78, April.
    21. Murnieks, Charles Y. & Cardon, Melissa S. & Haynie, J. Michael, 2020. "Fueling the fire: Examining identity centrality, affective interpersonal commitment and gender as drivers of entrepreneurial passion," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(1).
    22. Amanda Bullough & Dina Abdelzaher, 2013. "Global Research on Women¡¯s Entrepreneurship: An Overview of Available Data Sources & Limitations," Business and Management Research, Business and Management Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 2(3), pages 42-59, September.
    23. Tristan Boyer & Régis Blazy, 2014. "Born to be alive? The survival of innovative and non-innovative French micro-start-ups," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(4), pages 669-683, April.
    24. Lee, Yong Suk & Eesley, Chuck, 2018. "The persistence of entrepreneurship and innovative immigrants," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 1032-1044.
    25. Sharon A. Simmons & Johan Wiklund & Jonathan Levie & Steve W. Bradley & Sanwar A. Sunny, 2019. "Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 517-531, August.
    26. Lois M. Shelton, 2010. "Fighting an Uphill Battle: Expansion Barriers, Intra–Industry Social Stratification, and Minority Firm Growth," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(2), pages 379-398, March.
    27. Becker-Blease, John R. & Sohl, Jeffrey E., 2007. "Do women-owned businesses have equal access to angel capital?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 503-521, July.
    28. Zhang, Zhen & Zyphur, Michael J. & Narayanan, Jayanth & Arvey, Richard D. & Chaturvedi, Sankalp & Avolio, Bruce J. & Lichtenstein, Paul & Larsson, Gerry, 2009. "The genetic basis of entrepreneurship: Effects of gender and personality," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 110(2), pages 93-107, November.

  28. Timothy Bates, 2002. "Minority businesses serving government clients amidst prolonged chaos in preferential procurement programs," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 29(3), pages 51-70, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Gregory N. Price, 2012. "Race, Trust in Government, and Self-Employment," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 57(2), pages 171-187, November.
    2. Lois M. Shelton & Maria Minniti, 2018. "Enhancing product market access: Minority entrepreneurship, status leveraging, and preferential procurement programs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 481-498, March.

  29. Timothy Bates, 2001. "Financing the development of urban minority communities: lessons from history," Communities and Banking, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Sum, pages 12-15.

    Cited by:

    1. Christian E. Weller, 2008. "Credit Access, the Costs of Credit and Credit Market Discrimination," Working Papers wp171, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    2. Roxana Gutiérrez-Romero, 2012. "Determinants of Spanish Firms' Life Cycle and Job Creation: A Pseudo-Panel Approach," Working Papers wpdea1209, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
    3. Christian E. Weller & Amy Helburn, 2009. "Public Policy Options to Build Wealth for America’s Middle Class," Working Papers wp210, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    4. P. Köllinger & M. Minniti, 2006. "Not for Lack of Trying: American Entrepreneurship in Black and White," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 59-79, August.
    5. Peake, Whitney O. & Marshall, Maria I., 2009. "Has the "Farm Problem" Disappeared? A Comparison of Household and Self-Employment Income Levels of the Farm and Nonfarm Self-Employed," 2009 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia 46304, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    6. World Bank, 2005. "Mexico : Broadening Access to Financial Services Among the Urban Population, Mexico City's Unbanked, Volume 2, Annexes," World Bank Publications - Reports 8359, The World Bank Group.
    7. Christian E. Weller, 2007. "Have Differences in Credit Access Diminished in an Era of Financial Market Deregulation?," Working Papers wp144, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    8. A. Arrighetti & G. Foresti & S. Fumagalli & A. Lasagni, 2018. "Are Migrant Firms Actually Different From Native Firms?," Economics Department Working Papers 2018-EP05, Department of Economics, Parma University (Italy).

  30. Timothy Bates, 2000. "Financing the Development of Urban Minority Communities: Lessons of History," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 14(3), pages 227-242, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  31. Timothy Bates & David Howell, 1998. "The Declining Status of Minorities in the New York City Construction Industry," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 12(1), pages 88-100, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Paul Lawless, 2002. "Power and Conflict in Pro-growth Regimes: Tensions in Economic Development in Jersey City and Detroit," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(8), pages 1329-1346, July.
    2. Alicia M. Robb & Robert W. Fairlie, 2008. "Determinants of Business Success: An Examination of Asian-Owned Businesses in the United States," CEPR Discussion Papers 569, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Economics, Australian National University.
    3. Manuel Carvajal, 2006. "Economic grounds for affirmative action: The evidence on architects and engineers in South Florida," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 64(4), pages 515-538.
    4. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2007. "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 25(2), pages 289-323.
    5. Gunseli Berik & Cihan Bilginsoy, 2005. "Still a Wedge in the Door: Women Training for the Construction Trades in the U.S," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Utah 2005_05, University of Utah, Department of Economics.
    6. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    7. Timothy Bates & Lisa Servon, 1998. "Microenterprise As An Exit Route From Poverty:* Recommendations For Programs And Policy Makers," Working Papers 98-17, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. Josiane Isingizwe & Ricardo Eiris & Masoud Gheisari, 2023. "Racial Disparities in the Construction Domain: A Systematic Literature Review of the U.S. Educational and Workforce Domain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    9. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
    10. Timothy Bates, 2006. "Discrimination in the Chicago-area construction industry handicaps minority-owned firms," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 33(4), pages 7-26, March.
    11. Vivian Price, 2002. "Race, Affirmative Action, and Women's Employment in US Highway Construction," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(2), pages 87-113.
    12. Robert Fairlie & Justin Marion, 2012. "Affirmative action programs and business ownership among minorities and women," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 319-339, September.

  32. Bates, Timothy, 1998. "Survival patterns among newcomers to franchising," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 113-130, March.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  33. Bates, Timothy, 1997. "Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 109-124, March.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  34. Timothy Bates, 1997. "Response: Michael Porter's Conservative Urban Agenda will not Revitalize America's Inner Cities: What will?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 11(1), pages 39-44, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates, 2000. "Financing the Development of Urban Minority Communities: Lessons of History," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 14(3), pages 227-242, August.
    2. Robert Singh & Micah Crump, 2007. "Educational Attainment: A Key Factor for Improving the Lagging Rate of Black Entrepreneurship," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 34(3), pages 217-229, December.
    3. Daniel A. Hartley & Nikhil Kaza & T. William Lester, 2016. "Are America’s Inner Cities Competitive? Evidence From the 2000s," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 137-158, May.

  35. Timothy Bates, 1996. "Political economy of urban poverty in the 21st century: How progress and public policy generate rising poverty," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 24(2), pages 111-121, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Deepak Lal, 2002. "Economic Reforms & Poverty Alleviation: India A Tale of two Surveys," UCLA Economics Working Papers 822, UCLA Department of Economics.
    2. Deepak Lal, 1998. "The World Economy at the end of the Millennium," UCLA Economics Working Papers 786, UCLA Department of Economics.
    3. Deepak Lal, 2000. "Globalization, Imperialism and Regulation," UCLA Economics Working Papers 810, UCLA Department of Economics.

  36. Bates, Timothy & Williams, Darrell, 1996. "Do Preferential Procurement Programs Benefit Minority Business?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 294-297, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Aaron K. Chatterji & Kenneth Y. Chay & Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and Employment," CESifo Working Paper Series 4182, CESifo.
    2. Grant H. Lewis, 2017. "Effects of federal socioeconomic contracting preferences," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 763-783, December.
    3. Harry Holzer & David Neumark, 1999. "Assessing Affirmative Action," NBER Working Papers 7323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Rodrigo Carril & Audrey Guo, 2023. "The impact of preference programs in public procurement: Evidence from veteran set-asides," Economics Working Papers 1876, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    5. Marion, Justin, 2007. "Are bid preferences benign? The effect of small business subsidies in highway procurement auctions," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(7-8), pages 1591-1624, August.
    6. Mirjam Strupler Leiser & Stefan C. Wolter, 2017. "Empirical Evidence on the Effectiveness of Social Public Procurement Policy: The Case of the Swiss Apprenticeship Training System," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 31(2), pages 204-222, June.
    7. Lois M. Shelton & Maria Minniti, 2018. "Enhancing product market access: Minority entrepreneurship, status leveraging, and preferential procurement programs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 481-498, March.
    8. Justin Marion, 2009. "Firm racial segregation and affirmative action in the highway construction industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 441-453, December.
    9. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
    10. Daniel Sabbagh, 2004. "Affirmative Action Policies: An International Perspective," Human Development Occasional Papers (1992-2007) HDOCPA-2004-12, Human Development Report Office (HDRO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    11. Robert Fairlie & Justin Marion, 2012. "Affirmative action programs and business ownership among minorities and women," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 319-339, September.

  37. Bates, Timothy, 1995. "Self-employment entry across industry groups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 143-156, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Mª Olga González Morales & Flora Mª Díaz Pérez & José Antonio Álvarez González, 2011. "Nivel educativo y empleo en el periodo 2005-2009: Un análisis comparado entre la población ocupada española y extranjera," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 6, in: Antonio Caparrós Ruiz (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 6, edition 1, volume 6, chapter 45, pages 719-736, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
    2. Gazmend Qorraj, 2017. "Does Education Matter for Entrepreneurship Activities? The Case of Kosovo," International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, International School for Social and Business Studies, Celje, Slovenia, vol. 6(1), pages 131-144.
    3. Peter van der Zwan & Ingrid Verheul & Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo, 2009. "Entrepreneurial Progress: Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder in Europe and the US," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-070/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 17 Mar 2010.
    4. Murat Yalcintas & Oyk㜠Iyigãœn & Gokhan Karabulut, 2023. "Personal Characteristics And Intention For Entrepreneurship," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 68(02), pages 539-561.
    5. Jolanda Hessels & Siri Terjesen, 2008. "Entrepreneurial Career Capital, Innovation and New Venture Export Orientation," Scales Research Reports H200808, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    6. Lee, Lena & Wong, Poh Kam & Chua, Bee Leng & Chen, Jennifer, 2005. "Antecedents for Entrepreneurial Propensity: Findings from Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan," MPRA Paper 594, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Akee, Randall K. Q. & Jaeger, David A. & Tatsiramos, Konstantinos, 2007. "The Persistence of Self-Employment Across Borders: New Evidence on Legal Immigrants to the United States," IZA Discussion Papers 3250, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Srikant Devaraj & Pankaj C. Patel, 2017. "Skin Tone and Self-Employment: is there an Intra-Group Variation among Blacks?," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 44(1), pages 137-166, June.
    9. Nicole E. Peterman & Jessica Kennedy, 2003. "Enterprise Education: Influencing Students’ Perceptions of Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 28(2), pages 129-144, March.
    10. Ingrid Verheul & Lorraine Uhlaner & Roy Thurik, 2004. "Business Accomplishments, Gender And Entrepreneurial Self-Image," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2004-10, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
    11. Elena Bardasi & Shwetlena Sabarwal & Katherine Terrell, 2011. "How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 417-441, November.
    12. Kar, Saibal & Mukherjee, Vivekananda, 2006. "Entrepreneurial culture, occupational choice and tax policy," MPRA Paper 24104, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Winter, Mary & Danes, Sharon M. & Koh, Sun-Kang & Fredericks, Kelly & Paul, Jennifer J., 2004. "Tracking family businesses and their owners over time: panel attrition, manager departure and business demise," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 535-559, July.
    14. P. Mueller, 2006. "Entrepreneurship in the Region: Breeding Ground for Nascent Entrepreneurs?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 41-58, August.
    15. Silke Tegtmeier & Agnieszka Kurczewska & Jantje Halberstadt, 2016. "Are women graduates jacquelines-of-all-trades? Challenging Lazear’s view on entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 77-94, June.
    16. Knatko, D. & Shirokova, G. & Bogatyreva, K., 2015. "Industry choice by young entrepreneurs in different country settings: The role of human and financial capital," Working Papers 6426, Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University.
    17. Biljana Ratković Njegovan & Maja Vukadinović & Iva Šiđanin & Sonja Bunčić & Milica Njegovan, 2022. "Optimistic Belief in One’s Own Capableness as a Factor of Entrepreneurial Sustainability: The Assessments of Self-Efficacy from the Perspective of Serbian Entrepreneurs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, October.
    18. Honig, Benson, 2001. "Human capital and structural upheaval: A study of manufacturing firms in the west bank," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 575-594, November.
    19. Jolanda Hessels & Kashifa Suddle & Maaike Mooibroek, 2008. "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2007 The Netherlands," Scales Research Reports A200805, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    20. Marcus T. Wolfe & Pankaj C. Patel, 2017. "Instant gratification: temporal discounting and self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(4), pages 861-882, April.
    21. Nicolaou, Nicos & Shane, Scott, 2009. "Can genetic factors influence the likelihood of engaging in entrepreneurial activity?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(1), pages 1-22, January.
    22. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy & Parker, Simon C., 2011. "Transitions to Entrepreneurship and Industry-Specific Barriers," IZA Discussion Papers 6103, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    23. Cristian C. Popescu & Ionel Bostan & Ioan-Bogdan Robu & Andrei Maxim & Laura Diaconu (Maxim), 2016. "An Analysis of the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions among Students: A Romanian Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-22, August.
    24. Backman, Mikaela & Karlsson, Charlie, 2014. "Determinants of self-employment among commuters and non-commuters," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 365, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    25. Morgan, Horatio M., 2013. "Equity-based Financial Slack and New Venture Performance: Evidence from matched single-founder ventures," MPRA Paper 50291, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. John Lunn & Todd Steen, 2000. "An investigation into the effects of ethnicity and immigration on self-employment," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 6(3), pages 498-519, August.
    27. Nicos Nicolaou & Scott Shane & Lynn Cherkas & Janice Hunkin & Tim D. Spector, 2008. "Is the Tendency to Engage in Entrepreneurship Genetic?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(1), pages 167-179, January.
    28. Ester Manik & Iwan Sidharta, 2016. "Entrepreneurial Intention on Studentpreneurs to Become Entrepreneur," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 6(3), pages 625-630.
    29. Simoes, Nadia & Moreira, Sandrina B. & Crespo, Nuno, 2013. "Individual Determinants of Self-Employment Entry – What Do We Really Know?," MPRA Paper 48403, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    30. Lee, Lena & Wong, Poh Kam & Foo, Maw Der & Leung, Aegean, 2011. "Entrepreneurial intentions: The influence of organizational and individual factors," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 124-136, January.
    31. Özcan, Berkay, 2011. "Only the lonely?: the influence of spouse on the transition to self-employment," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 38479, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    32. Otto Anne, 2005. "Wissens- und technologieintensive Dienstleistungsgründungen in Ost- und Westdeutschland," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 49(3-4), pages 200-218, November.
    33. Tomas Karlsson & Caroline Wigren, 2012. "Start-ups among university employees: the influence of legitimacy, human capital and social capital," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 37(3), pages 297-312, June.
    34. Cassar, Gavin, 2006. "Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 610-632, September.
    35. Andrew Atherton & João R. Faria & Dongxu Wu & Zhongmin Wu, 2015. "Human Capital, Entrepreneurial Entry and Survival," NBS Discussion Papers in Economics 2015/01, Economics, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University.
    36. Saeed Saadat & Muffatto Moreno & Yousafzai Shumaila, 2014. "A Multi-level Study of Entrepreneurship Education among Pakistani University Students," Entrepreneurship Research Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 4(3), pages 297-321, July.
    37. J. Augusto Felicio & Eduardo Couto & Jorge Caiado, 2013. "Human capital, social capital and organizational performance: A structural modeling approach," CEMAPRE Working Papers 1302, Centre for Applied Mathematics and Economics (CEMAPRE), School of Economics and Management (ISEG), Technical University of Lisbon.
    38. J. Augusto Felicio & Eduardo Couto & Jorge Caiado, 2009. "Interrelationships between human capital and social capital in small and medium sized firms: The effect of age and sector of activity," CEMAPRE Working Papers 0905, Centre for Applied Mathematics and Economics (CEMAPRE), School of Economics and Management (ISEG), Technical University of Lisbon.
    39. T. Aldridge & David Audretsch & Sameeksha Desai & Venkata Nadella, 2014. "Scientist entrepreneurship across scientific fields," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 39(6), pages 819-835, December.
    40. Bradley, Steven W. & Wiklund, Johan & Shepherd, Dean A., 2011. "Swinging a double-edged sword: The effect of slack on entrepreneurial management and growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 537-554, September.
    41. Backman, Mikaela & Karlsson, Charlie, 2013. "Exploration of Wisdom Ages: Firm survival," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 339, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    42. Sabarwal, Shwetlena & Terrell, Katherine, 2008. "Does Gender Matter for Firm Performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia," IZA Discussion Papers 3758, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    43. Alina Sorgner & Michael Fritsch, 2018. "Entrepreneurial career paths: occupational context and the propensity to become self-employed," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 129-152, June.
    44. Yuen-Ping Ho & Poh-Kam Wong, 2007. "Financing, Regulatory Costs and Entrepreneurial Propensity," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 187-204, March.
    45. Benson Honig & Tomas Karlsson, 2013. "An Institutional Perspective on Business Planning Activities for Nascent Entrepreneurs in Sweden and the US," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-24, November.
    46. Bergmann Heiko, 2005. "Entrepreneurial attitudes: Wodurch werden sie determiniert und welche Rolle spielt die Region?," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 49(3-4), pages 185-199, November.
    47. Arash Kordestani & Setayesh Sattari & Kaveh Peighambari & Pejvak Oghazi, 2017. "Exclude Me Not: The Untold Story of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Sweden," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-22, September.
    48. Ruta Aidis & Mirjam van Praag, 2004. "Illegal Entrepreneurship Experience," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 04-105/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    49. Pia Arenius & Stefan Ehrstedt, 2008. "Variation in the level of activity across the stages of the entrepreneurial startup process-evidence from 35 countries," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 35(2 Year 20), pages 133-152, December.
    50. Bogdan Robert IOANE & Nicolae BIBU & Laura BRANCU & Ana NĂSTASE, 2020. "Entrepreneurship Intention Among Business Students in Romania," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 21(5), pages 703-718, December.
    51. Farzana Chowdhury & David Audretsch, 2014. "Institution as looting apparatus: impact of gender equality and institutions on female entrepreneurship," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 4(2), pages 207-225, December.
    52. Vincent E. Mangum, 2020. "What Does Political Economy Tell Us About the Dearth of Black Entrepreneurs?," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 65(1), pages 131-143, March.
    53. Cowling, Marc & Millán, José María & Yue, Wei, 2019. "Two decades of European self-employment: Is the answer to who becomes self-employed different over time and countries?," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 12(C).
    54. Chris Dawson & Andrew Henley, 2015. "Gender, Risk, and Venture Creation Intentions," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 501-515, April.
    55. Bianchi, Milo & Henrekson, Magnus, 2005. "Is Neoclassical Economics still Entrepreneurless?," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 584, Stockholm School of Economics, revised 29 Mar 2005.
    56. Davidsson, Per & Honig, Benson, 2003. "The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 301-331, May.
    57. Lunn, John & Steen, Todd P., 2000. "The heterogeneity of self-employment: The example of Asians in the United States," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 6, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    58. Roy Thurik & Ingrid Verheul & Isabel Grilo, 2010. "Explaining Preferences and Actual Involvement in Self-Employment: New Insights into the role of Gender," Scales Research Reports H200803, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    59. Fang, Hanqing & Chrisman, James J. & Memili, Esra & Wang, Minglin, 2020. "Foreign venture presence and domestic entrepreneurship: A macro level study," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    60. Gibreel T. & Zaibet L. & Al-Akhzami S. & El-Haj A., 2022. "Personal Motivations and Entrepreneurship Career Intentions: Testing Theory of Planned Behaviour," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 6(7), pages 739-751, July.
    61. Abiot Animaw Semegn & Narendra Kumar Bishnoi, 2021. "Analysis of Effect of Microfinance on the Performance of MSEs in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 30(1), pages 153-178, March.
    62. Dongxu Wu & Zhongmin Wu, 2015. "Intergenerational links, gender differences, and determinants of self-employment," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(3), pages 400-414, August.
    63. Heinrichs, Simon & Walter, Sascha, 2013. "Who Becomes an Entrepreneur? A 30-Years-Review of Individual-Level Research and an Agenda for Future Research," EconStor Preprints 68590, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    64. Johan Wiklund & Dean A. Shepherd, 2008. "Portfolio Entrepreneurship: Habitual and Novice Founders, New Entry, and Mode of Organizing," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 32(4), pages 701-725, July.
    65. Blut, Markus & Backhaus, Christof & Heussler, Tobias & Woisetschläger, David M. & Evanschitzky, Heiner & Ahlert, Dieter, 2011. "What to Expect After the Honeymoon: Testing a Lifecycle Theory of Franchise Relationships," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 87(3), pages 306-319.
    66. Bruder, Jana & Neuberger, Doris & Räthke-Döppner, Solvig, 2008. "Financial constraints of ethnic entrepreneurship: Evidence from Germany," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 84, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
    67. Carmen Păunescu & Mihaela Cornelia Popescu & Matthias Duennweber, 2018. "Factors Determining Desirability of Entrepreneurship in Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, October.
    68. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    69. Aldridge, T. Taylor & Audretsch, David, 2011. "The Bayh-Dole Act and scientist entrepreneurship," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 40(8), pages 1058-1067, October.
    70. Pidduck, Robert J. & Busenitz, Lowell W. & Zhang, Yejun & Ghosh Moulick, Abhisekh, 2020. "Oh, the places you’ll go: A schema theory perspective on cross-cultural experience and entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    71. Parker, Simon C., 2005. "Entrepreneurship Among Married Couples in the United States: A Simultaneous Probit Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 1712, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    72. John Lunn & Todd Steen, 2005. "The Heterogeneity of Self-Employment: The Example of Asians in the United States," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 143-158, March.
    73. Leanne Johnstone & Mariana Pio Monteiro & Inês Ferreira & Johanna Westerlund & Roosa Aalto & Jenni Marttinen, 2018. "Language ability and entrepreneurship education: Necessary skills for Europe’s start-ups?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 369-397, September.
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    75. Maria Noguera & Claudia Alvarez & José M. Merigó & David Urbano, 2015. "Determinants of female entrepreneurship in Spain: an institutional approach," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 341-355, December.
    76. Jolanda Hessels & Isabel Grilo & Roy Thurik & Peter Zwan, 2011. "Entrepreneurial exit and entrepreneurial engagement," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 447-471, August.
    77. Chand, Masud & Ghorbani, Majid, 2011. "National culture, networks and ethnic entrepreneurship: A comparison of the Indian and Chinese immigrants in the US," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 593-606.
    78. Richard L. Mccline & Subodh Bhat & Pam Baj, 2000. "Opportunity Recognition: An Exploratory Investigation of a Component of the Entrepreneurial Process in the Context of the Health Care Industry," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(2), pages 81-94, December.
    79. Backman, Mikaela & Karlsson, Charlie, 2013. "Who says life is over after 55? Entrepreneurship and an aging population," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 325, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    80. Morgan, Horatio M., 2013. "Equity-based Financial Slack and New Venture Performance: Evidence from matched single-founder ventures," MPRA Paper 50325, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    81. Stefan Houweling & Sven Wolff, 2020. "The influence of scientific prestige and peer effects on the intention to create university spin-offs," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 1432-1450, October.
    82. Eduardo Couto & José Bilau, 2011. "Initial Capital Structure Of Portuguese Innovative Firms:The Role Of Nascent Entrepreneurs' Human Capital," Portuguese Journal of Management Studies, ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa, vol. 0(1), pages 29-42.
    83. Jörn H. Block & Lennart F. Hoogerheide & A. Roy Thurik, 2010. "Are Education and Entrepreneurial Income Endogenous and Do Family Background Variables Make Sense as Instruments?: A Bayesian Analysis," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 329, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    84. Jennifer M. Sequeira & Sherrhonda R. Gibbs & Norma A. Juma, 2016. "Factors Contributing To Women’S Venture Success In Developing Countries: An Exploratory Analysis," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(01), pages 1-31, March.
    85. Marcus T. Wolfe & Pankaj C. Patel, 2016. "Grit and self-employment: a multi-country study," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 853-874, December.
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    95. Verheul, Ingrid & Thurik, Roy & Grilo, Isabel & van der Zwan, Peter, 2012. "Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 325-341.
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    100. Mrożewski Matthias, 2014. "An Empirical Analysis of Economic and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Entrepreneurship Across German Regions," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 42(1), pages 60-80, June.
    101. Philipp Koellinger & Maria Minniti & Christian Schade, 2008. "Seeing the World with Different Eyes," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-035/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 11 Mar 2011.
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    103. Melita Nicotra & Marco Romano & Manlio Giudice & Carmela Elita Schillaci, 2018. "The causal relation between entrepreneurial ecosystem and productive entrepreneurship: a measurement framework," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 640-673, June.
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    108. R.M.M.Mayoshi & Dr.J.G.Sri Ranjith, 2018. "Identifying Factors Affecting The Success Of Rural Self-Employment: A Study Based On Ambalantota Divisional Secretariat In Sri Lanka," Journal of Smart Economic Growth, , vol. 3(3), pages 61-68, December.
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    116. Heiko Bergmann & Rolf Sternberg, 2007. "The Changing Face of Entrepreneurship in Germany," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 205-221, March.
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    119. Kim, Sahrok & Praveen Parboteeah, K. & Cullen, John B. & Jeong, Nara, 2022. "Social institutions approach to women’s firm ownership and firm bribery activity: A study of small-sized firms in emerging markets," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 1333-1349.
    120. Jia Bao & Junsheng Dou, 2021. "The Formation of Subsequent Entrepreneurial Intention: Happiness Matters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, November.
    121. Grilo, I. & Thurik, A.R. & Verheul, I. & van der Zwan, P.W., 2008. "Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder: The Role of Gender," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2007-098-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    122. Abel Tewolde Mehari & Christian Feleke Belay, 2017. "Challenges and prospects of entrepreneurship development and job creation for youth unemployed: evidence from Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa city administrations, Ethiopia," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-22, December.
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    130. Honig, Benson, 1998. "What determines success? examining the human, financial, and social capital of jamaican microentrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 371-394, September.
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    132. Lisa J. Servon & Robert W. Fairlie & Blaise Rastello & Amber Seely, 2010. "The Five Gaps Facing Small and Microbusiness Owners: Evidence From New York City," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 24(2), pages 126-142, May.
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  38. Timothy Bates, 1995. "Why do Minority Business Development Programs Generate so Little Minority Business Development?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 9(1), pages 3-14, February.

    Cited by:

    1. James J. Chrisman & Jess H. Chua & Lloyd P. Steier, 2002. "The Influence of National Culture and Family Involvement on Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Performance at the State Level," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(4), pages 113-130, July.
    2. whitney Oliver Peake & Maria I. Marshall, 2006. "What Do We Really Know About Entrepreneurs? An Analysis Of Nascent Entrepreneurs In Indiana," Working Papers 06-14, Purdue University, College of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics.
    3. Timothy Bates, 2009. "Utilizing Affirmative Action in Public Sector Procurement as a Local Economic Development Strategy," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 23(3), pages 180-192, August.
    4. Kevin Mole & Joan-Lluís Capelleras, 2018. "Take-up and variation of advice for new firm founders in different local contexts," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 36(1), pages 3-27, February.
    5. Christy, Ralph D. & Wenner, Mark D. & Dassie, Wylin, 2000. "A Microenterprise-Centered Economic Development Strategy For The Rural South: Sustaining Growth With Economic Opportunity," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 32(2), pages 1-14, August.
    6. William D. Bradford, 2014. "The “Myth†That Black Entrepreneurship Can Reduce the Gap in Wealth Between Black and White Families," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 28(3), pages 254-269, August.
    7. Mark Schreiner, 1999. "Lessons for Microenterprise Programs from a Fresh Look at the Unemployment Insurance Self-Employment Demonstration," Evaluation Review, , vol. 23(5), pages 504-526, October.
    8. Manuel Carvajal, 2006. "Economic grounds for affirmative action: The evidence on architects and engineers in South Florida," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 64(4), pages 515-538.
    9. Lisa J. Servon, 2006. "Microenterprise Development in the United States: Current Challenges and New Directions," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(4), pages 351-367, November.
    10. Jack I. Richter & Pankaj C. Patel, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hours lost by self-employed racial minorities: evidence from Brazil," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 769-805, February.
    11. Tendler, Judith & Amorim, Monica Alves, 1996. "Small firms and their helpers: Lessons on demand," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 24(3), pages 407-426, March.
    12. Wellalage, Nirosha Hewa & Reddy, Krishna, 2020. "Determinants of profit reinvestment undertaken by SMEs in the small island countries," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    13. Lisa J. Servon, 1997. "Microenterprise Programs in U.S. Inner Cities: Economic Development or Social Welfare?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 11(2), pages 166-180, May.

  39. Timothy Bates, 1994. "Utilization of minority employees in small business: A comparison of nonminority and black-owned urban enterprises," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 23(1), pages 113-121, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Pernilla Andersson Joona & Eskil Wadensjö, 2009. "The employees of native and immigrant self-employed," Research in Labor Economics, in: Ethnicity and Labor Market Outcomes, pages 229-250, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    2. Usha Reichert, 1996. "Revitalizing the inner city: A Holistic approach," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 24(2), pages 185-192, December.
    3. Raphael, Steven & Stoll, Michael A. & HOLZER, HARRY J, 1998. "Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate Against African-Americans?," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt9pq2t9hx, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    4. Harry Holzer & David Neumark, 1999. "Assessing Affirmative Action," NBER Working Papers 7323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Giuliano, Laura & Ransom, Michael R., 2011. "Manager Ethnicity and Employment Segregation," IZA Discussion Papers 5437, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Giuliano, Laura & Levine, David I. & Leonard, Jonathan, 2009. "Racial Bias in the Manager-Employee Relationship: An Analysis of Quits, Dismissals, and Promotions at a Large Retail Firm," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt8pm012h0, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    7. J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee & Jared Wold, 2022. "Black-Owned Firms, Financial Constraints, and the Firm Size Gap," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 282-286, May.
    8. Dickinson, David L. & Masclet, David & Peterle, Emmanuel, 2017. "Discrimination as Favoritism: The Private Benefits and Social Costs of In-group Favoritism in an Experimental Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 10599, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Margaret Dewar, 2013. "Paying Employers to Hire Local Workers in Distressed Places," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 27(4), pages 284-300, November.
    10. Elsie Harper-Anderson, 2012. "Exploring What Greening the Economy Means for African American Workers, Entrepreneurs, and Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 26(2), pages 162-177, May.
    11. Shirley H. Liu & Frank Heiland, 2008. "Should We Get Married? The Effect of Parents' Marriage on Out-of-Wedlock Children," Working Papers 906, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Research on Child Wellbeing..
    12. Robert Singh & Micah Crump, 2007. "Educational Attainment: A Key Factor for Improving the Lagging Rate of Black Entrepreneurship," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 34(3), pages 217-229, December.
    13. Laura Giuliano & David I. Levine & Jonathon Leonard, 2006. "Manager Race and the Race of New Hires," Working Papers 0722, University of Miami, Department of Economics.
    14. Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat & Colleen Casey, 2022. "The Economic Development Potential of Minority-Owned Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 36(1), pages 43-56, February.
    15. Michael A. Stoll & Steven Raphael & Harry J. Holzer, 2004. "Black Job Applicants and the Hiring Officer's Race," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 57(2), pages 267-287, January.
    16. Laura Giuliano & David I. Levine & Jonathon Leonard, 2006. "An Analysis of Quits, Dismissals, and Promotions at a Large Retail Firm," Working Papers 0721, University of Miami, Department of Economics.
    17. Zenou, Yves, 2011. "Explaining the Black/White Employment Gap: The Role of Weak Ties," CEPR Discussion Papers 8582, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Michael A. Stoll & Steven Raphael & Harry J. Holzer, 2001. "Why Are Black Employers More Likely to Hire African Americans than White Employers?," JCPR Working Papers 228, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    19. Giuliano, Laura & Levine, David I. & Leonard, Jonathan, 2006. "Do Race, Age, and Gender Differences Affect Manager-Employee Relations? An Analysis of Quits, Dismissals, and Promotions at a Large Retail Firm," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt9tc8n5j7, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
    20. McDaniel, Michael & Sutter, Chris & Webb, Justin W. & Elgar, Frank J. & Parker, Karen F. & Nwachu, Jay, 2021. "Breaking the cycle of crime: Promoting the positive social spillover potential of entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    21. Colleen Casey & Timothy Bates & Joseph Farhat, 2023. "Linkages between regional characteristics and small businesses viability," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 617-629, August.
    22. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    23. Robertson K. Tengeh & Linus Nkem, 2017. "Sustaining Immigrant Entrepreneurship in South Africa: The Role of Informal Financial Associations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-16, August.
    24. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

  40. Timothy Bates & Constance R. Dunham, 1993. "Asian-American Success in Self-Employment," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 7(2), pages 199-214, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Ronald K. Mitchell & J. Brock Smith & Eric A. Morse & Kristie W. Seawright & Ana Maria Peredo & Brian McKenzie, 2002. "Are Entrepreneurial Cognitions Universal? Assessing Entrepreneurial Cognitions across Cultures," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(4), pages 9-32, July.
    2. James J. Chrisman & Jess H. Chua & Lloyd P. Steier, 2002. "The Influence of National Culture and Family Involvement on Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Performance at the State Level," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(4), pages 113-130, July.
    3. Lowell W. Busenitz & Chung-Ming Lau, 1996. "A Cross-Cultural Cognitive Model of New Venture Creation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 20(4), pages 25-40, July.
    4. Chaganti, Rajeswararao (Raj) S. & Watts, Allison D. & Chaganti, Radha & Zimmerman-Treichel, Monica, 2008. "Ethnic-immigrants in founding teams: Effects on prospector strategy and performance in new Internet ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 113-139, January.
    5. Cui, Yuling & Nahm, Daehoon & Tani, Massimiliano, 2013. "Self-Employment in China: Are Rural Migrant Workers and Urban Residents Alike?," IZA Discussion Papers 7191, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Hansen, David J. & Deacon, Jonathan H. & Pascal, Vincent & Sethna, Zubin, 2020. "The future is in the past: A framework for the Marketing-Entrepreneurship Interface (MEI)," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 198-208.
    7. Evgueni Vinogradov & Eva Jenny Benedikte Jørgensen, 2017. "Differences in international opportunity identification between native and immigrant entrepreneurs," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 207-228, June.

  41. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford, 1992. "Factors Affecting New Firm Success and Their Use in Venture Capital Financing," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 2(1), pages 23-38, Fall.

    Cited by:

    1. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2004. "Analysis of venture-capital funds that finance minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 32(1), pages 37-46, September.
    2. Timothy Bates & William Bradford & Julia Sass Rubin, 2006. "The Viability of the Minority-Oriented Venture-Capital Industry Under Alternative Financing Arrangements," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(2), pages 178-191, May.
    3. Harry Holzer & David Neumark, 1999. "Assessing Affirmative Action," NBER Working Papers 7323, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford, 2008. "Venture‐Capital Investment in Minority Business," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(2‐3), pages 489-504, March.
    5. Timothy Bates & William Bradford, 2009. "The impact of institutional sources of capital upon the minority-oriented venture capital industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 485-496, December.
    6. William D. Bradford, 2003. "The Savings and Credit Management of Low-Income, Low-Wealth Black and White Families," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 17(1), pages 53-74, February.
    7. Timothy Bates & William E. Jackson III & James H. Johnson Jr., 2007. "Advancing Research on Minority Entrepreneurship," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 10-17, September.
    8. Lucy Reuben & Pamela Queen, 2015. "Capital Constraints and Industry Mix Implications for African-American Business Success," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 42(4), pages 355-378, December.
    9. Bates, Timothy, 1997. "Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 109-124, March.
    10. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.

  42. Bates, Timothy, 1990. "Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(4), pages 551-559, November.

    Cited by:

    1. Ashok Mishra & Hisham El-Osta, 2008. "Effect of agricultural policy on succession decisions of farm households," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 6(3), pages 285-307, September.
    2. Verheul, I. & van Stel, A.J., 2007. "Entrepreneurial Diversity and Economic Growth," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2007-070-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    3. Timothy Folta & Frédéric Delmar & Karl Wennberg, 2010. "Hybrid entrepreneurship," Post-Print hal-02312556, HAL.
    4. P. Taylor, Mark, 2011. "Self-employment flows and persistence: a European comparative analysis," ISER Working Paper Series 2011-26, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    5. Paul Couteret, 2010. "Peut-on aider les entrepreneurs contraints ? Une étude exploratoire," Post-Print hal-03540524, HAL.
    6. J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee, 2017. "High-Growth Entrepreneurship," Working Papers 17-53, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    7. Isabel Grilo & Roy Thurik, 2007. "Determinants of entrepreneurial engagement levels in Europe and the US," Papers on Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy 2007-02, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group.
    8. Naiki, Eriko & Ogane, Yuta, 2021. "Are Japanese Full-time Workers Conservative in Starting New Businesses?," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    9. Fatma El-Hamidi & Cem Baslevent, 2013. "Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Urban Economies: A Comparative Study of Egypt and Turkey at the Province Level," Working Papers 761, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2013.
    10. Peter van der Zwan & Ingrid Verheul & Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo, 2009. "Entrepreneurial Progress: Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder in Europe and the US," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-070/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 17 Mar 2010.
    11. Simon Parker & Mirjam van Praag, 2004. "Schooling, Capital Constraints and Entrepreneurial Performance," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 04-106/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 07 Mar 2005.
    12. Murat Yalcintas & Oyk㜠Iyigãœn & Gokhan Karabulut, 2023. "Personal Characteristics And Intention For Entrepreneurship," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 68(02), pages 539-561.
    13. Vijay K. Mathur, 1999. "Human Capital-Based Strategy for Regional Economic Development," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 13(3), pages 203-216, August.
    14. Md. Mominur Rahman & Bilkis Akhter, 2021. "The impact of investment in human capital on bank performance: evidence from Bangladesh," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, December.
    15. Francine Lafontaine & Kathryn Shaw, 2016. "Serial Entrepreneurship: Learning by Doing?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(S2), pages 217-254.
    16. Arnab Bhattacharjee & Jean Bonnet & Nicolas Le Pape & Régis Renault, 2009. "Entrepreneurial motives and performance: Why might better educated entrepreneurs be less successful?," Working Papers halshs-00809745, HAL.
    17. Gerard Marlet & Clemens van Woerkens, 2007. "The Dutch Creative Class and How it Fosters Urban Employment Growth," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(13), pages 2605-2626, December.
    18. Alex Coad & Julian Frankish & Paul Nightingale & Richard G. Roberts & David J. Storey, 2012. "Business Experience and Start-up Size: Buying More Lottery Tickets Next Time Around?," SPRU Working Paper Series 203, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
    19. Arthur L. Dolinsky & Richard K. Caputo & Kishore Pasumarty & Hesan Quazi, 1993. "The Effects of Education on Business Ownership: A Longitudinal Study of Women," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(1), pages 43-53, October.
    20. Edward P. Lazear, 2005. "Entrepreneurship," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 23(4), pages 649-680, October.
    21. Paul Robson & Bernard Obeng, 2008. "The Barriers to Growth in Ghana," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 385-403, April.
    22. Jean Bonnet & Sylvie Cieply & Marcus Dejardin, 2016. "Credit rationing or overlending? An exploration into financing imperfection," Post-Print halshs-01373017, HAL.
    23. Jörg Prokop & Dandan Wang, 2022. "Is there a gender gap in equity-based crowdfunding?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 1219-1244, October.
    24. Almus, Matthias, 2001. "Das Wachstum junger Unternehmen: Eine Bestandsaufnahme 10 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung," ZEW Discussion Papers 01-40, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    25. Wolter, Hans-Jürgen, 2010. "Informationsasymmetrien in der familienexternen Nachfolge und ihre Überwindung," IfM-Materialien 191, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fairlie, Robert W. & Robb, Alicia, 2003. "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey," Center Discussion Papers 28446, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
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    6. Timothy Bates & David Howell, 1998. "The Declining Status of Minorities in the New York City Construction Industry," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 12(1), pages 88-100, February.
    7. Timothy Bates, 1997. "Survival Patterns Among Newcomers To Franchising," Working Papers 97-5, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. Alicia Robb & Robert Fairlie, 2009. "Determinants of business success: an examination of Asian-owned businesses in the USA," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 22(4), pages 827-858, October.
    9. Bates, Timothy, 1995. "Self-employment entry across industry groups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 143-156, March.
    10. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2007. "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 25(2), pages 289-323.
    11. Fairlie, Robert W. & Robb, Alicia, 2009. "Entrepreneurship, Self-Employment and Business Data: An Introduction to Several Large, Nationally-Representative Datasets," IZA Discussion Papers 4052, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
    13. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    14. Alfred R Nucci, 1992. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database," Working Papers 92-7, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    15. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
    16. Fairlie, Robert, 2014. "Gender Differences in Business Performance: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt4zb9198n, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    17. Timothy Bates & Darrell Williams, 1995. "Preferential Procurement Programs Do Not Necessarily Help Minority-Owned Business," Working Papers 95-1, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    18. Bates, Timothy, 1997. "Financing small business creation: The case of Chinese and Korean immigrant entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 109-124, March.

  44. Timothy Bates, 1989. "The changing nature of minority business: A comparative analysis of asian, nonminority, and black-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 18(2), pages 25-42, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Fairlie, Robert, 2014. "Recent Trends in Ethnic and Racial Business Ownership," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt1b44c0mk, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    2. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, 1999. "Trends in Self-Employment Among White and Black Men: 1910-1990," NBER Working Papers 7182, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Robert W. Fairlie, 2000. "Earnings Growth among Young Less-Educated Business Owners," JCPR Working Papers 207, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    4. Gregory Fairchild, 2009. "Racial segregation in the public schools and adult labor market outcomes: the case of black Americans," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 467-484, December.
    5. Fairlie, Robert, 2014. "Ethnic and Racial Self-Employment Differences and Possible Explanations," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt24p7v6gc, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    6. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2020. "Black and White: Access to Capital among Minority-Owned Startups," NBER Working Papers 28154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Susan Coleman, 2002. "Borrowing Patterns for Small Firms: A Comparison by Race and Ethnicity," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 7(3), pages 77-98, Fall.
    8. Frederick C. Scherr & Timothy F. Sugrue & Janice B. Ward, 1993. "Financing the Small Firm Start-Up: Determinants of Debt Use," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 3(1), pages 17-36, Fall.
    9. Eliasson, Tove, 2014. "Immigrant entrepreneurship and the origin of bankers," Working Paper Series 2014:19, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    10. Alicia M. Robb & Robert W. Fairlie, 2008. "Determinants of Business Success: An Examination of Asian-Owned Businesses in the United States," CEPR Discussion Papers 569, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Economics, Australian National University.
    11. Lofstrom, Magnus, 2009. "Does Self-Employment Increase the Economic Well-Being of Low-Skilled Workers?," IZA Discussion Papers 4539, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Okori Uneke, 1996. "Ethnicity and Small Business Ownership: Contrasts between Blacks and Chinese in Toronto," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 10(3), pages 529-548, September.
    13. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, 1994. "The Ethnic and Racial Character of Self-Employment," NBER Working Papers 4791, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Magnus Lofstrom & Chunbei Wang, 2007. "Mexican-Hispanic Self-Employment Entry: The Role of Business Start-Up Constraints," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 32-46, September.
    15. Alicia Robb & Robert Fairlie, 2009. "Determinants of business success: an examination of Asian-owned businesses in the USA," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 22(4), pages 827-858, October.
    16. Robert W. Fairlie & Bruce D. Meyer, "undated". "Does Immigration Hurt African-American Self-Employment?," IPR working papers 97-1, Institute for Policy Resarch at Northwestern University.
    17. Anthony Howell, 2019. "Ethnic entrepreneurship, initial financing, and business performance in China," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(3), pages 697-712, March.
    18. Daniel Felsenstein & Aliza Fleischer & Adi Sidi, 1998. "Market failure and the estimation of subsidy size in a regional entrepreneurship programme," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 151-165, January.
    19. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2007. "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 25(2), pages 289-323.
    20. Tristan Zajonc, 2003. "Black enterprise and the legacy of slavery," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 30(3), pages 23-37, December.
    21. P. Köllinger & M. Minniti, 2006. "Not for Lack of Trying: American Entrepreneurship in Black and White," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 59-79, August.
    22. David G. Blanchflower, 2004. "Self-Employment: More may not be better," NBER Working Papers 10286, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Gross, Dominique M., 2002. "Financial intermediation : a contributing factor to economic growth and employment," ILO Working Papers 993514123402676, International Labour Organization.
    24. Bruce D. Meyer, 1990. "Why Are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?," NBER Working Papers 3537, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    25. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "Residential segregation influences on the likelihood of black and white self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 46-74, January.
    26. Robert B. Williams, 2017. "Wealth Privilege and the Racial Wealth Gap: A Case Study in Economic Stratification," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 44(3), pages 303-325, December.
    27. Lofstrom, Magnus & Wang, Chunbei, 2006. "Hispanic Self-Employment: A Dynamic Analysis of Business Ownership," IZA Discussion Papers 2101, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    28. Cedric Herring, 2004. "Open for business in the black metropolis: Race, disadvantage, and entrepreneurial activity in Chicago's inner city," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 31(4), pages 35-57, June.
    29. Susan Coleman, 2005. "The Impact of Human Capital Measures on Firm Performance: A Comparison by Gender, Race and Ethnicity," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 10(2), pages 38-56, Summer.
    30. Alejandro Portes & Steven Shafer, 2006. "Revisiting the Enclave Hypothesis: Miami Twenty-Five Years Later," Working Papers 333, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Migration and Development..
    31. Alicia Robb & Robert Fairlie, 2006. "Access to Financial Capital Among U.S. Businesses: The Case of African-American Firms," Working Papers 06-33, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    32. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
    33. Lucy Reuben & Pamela Queen, 2015. "Capital Constraints and Industry Mix Implications for African-American Business Success," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 42(4), pages 355-378, December.
    34. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2010. "Intergenerational ethnic enclave influences on the likelihood of being self-employed," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 290-304, May.
    35. Fairchild, Gregory B., 2008. "The influence of residential segregation and its correlates on ethnic enterprise in urban areas," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 513-527, September.
    36. Gregory B. Fairchild, 2009. "Residential Segregation Influences on the Likelihood of Ethnic Self–Employment," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 33(2), pages 373-395, March.
    37. David G. Blanchflower & Phillip B. Levine & David J. Zimmerman, 1998. "Discrimination in the Small Business Credit Market," NBER Working Papers 6840, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

  45. Timothy Bates, 1988. "Do black-owned businesses employ minority workers? new evidence," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 51-64, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Carrington, William J & Troske, Kenneth R, 1998. "Interfirm Segregation and the Black/White Wage Gap," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(2), pages 231-260, April.
    2. William J. Carrington & Kenneth R. Troske, 1995. "Gender Segregation in Small Firms," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 30(3), pages 503-533.
    3. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Brown, J. David & Earle, John S., 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," IZA Discussion Papers 14403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee & Jared Wold, 2022. "Black-Owned Firms, Financial Constraints, and the Firm Size Gap," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 282-286, May.
    5. Arash Kordestani & Setayesh Sattari & Kaveh Peighambari & Pejvak Oghazi, 2017. "Exclude Me Not: The Untold Story of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Sweden," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-22, September.
    6. Rachel Weber & Susanne Schnell, 2003. "Contracting In: How a Business Intermediary Sought to Create Supplier Networks and Jobs in the Inner City," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 17(2), pages 148-164, May.
    7. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    8. Ian Blount & Mingxiang Li, 2021. "How Buyers' Attitudes Toward Supplier Diversity Affect Their Expenditures with Ethnic Minority Businesses," Journal of Supply Chain Management, Institute for Supply Management, vol. 57(3), pages 3-24, July.

  46. Timothy Bates, 1986. "Characteristics of minorities who are entering self-employment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 31-49, September.

    Cited by:

    1. William O’Hare, 1990. "Black business ownership in the rural south," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 18(3), pages 93-104, December.
    2. Brian Headd, 1999. "The Characteristics of Business Owners Database, 1992," Working Papers 99-8, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    3. Daniyar T. Baitenizov & Igor N. Dubina & David F. J. Campbell & Elias G. Carayannis & Tolkyn A. Azatbek, 2019. "Freelance as a Creative Mode of Self-employment in a New Economy (a Literature Review)," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Bates, Timothy, 1995. "Self-employment entry across industry groups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 143-156, March.

  47. Timothy Bates, 1985. "Entrepreneur Human Capital Endowments and Minority Business Viability," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 20(4), pages 540-554.

    Cited by:

    1. Edward P. Lazear, 2005. "Entrepreneurship," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 23(4), pages 649-680, October.
    2. Panagiotis Ganotakis, 2012. "Founders’ human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 495-515, September.
    3. Bublitz, Elisabeth & Nielsen, Kristian & Noseleit, Florian & Timmermans, Bram, 2015. "Entrepreneurship, human capital, and labor demand: A story of signaling and matching," HWWI Research Papers 166, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
    4. Robert J. Mockler & Dorothy G. Dologite & Marc E. Gartenfeld, 2002. "The Relation of Partner Entrepreneurial Characteristics to Strategic Alliance Success: A Comparative US-China Study," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 3(1), pages 1-24, February.
    5. Link, Albert N. & Ruhm, Christopher J., 2011. "Creativity and the Family Tree: Human Capital Endowments and the Propensity of Entrepreneurs to Patent," UNCG Economics Working Papers 11-15, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics.
    6. Srikant Devaraj & Pankaj C Patel, 2017. "Health insurance and employee productivity: Findings from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(2), pages 1351-1364.
    7. Okori Uneke, 1996. "Ethnicity and Small Business Ownership: Contrasts between Blacks and Chinese in Toronto," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 10(3), pages 529-548, September.
    8. Millán, José María & Congregado, Emilio & Román, Concepción, 2014. "Persistence in entrepreneurship and its implications for the European entrepreneurial promotion policy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 83-106.
    9. José Millán & Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román, 2012. "Determinants of self-employment survival in Europe," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 231-258, February.
    10. Charles A. Campbell, 1992. "A Decision Theory Model for Entrepreneurial Acts," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 17(1), pages 21-27, October.
    11. Monibo A. Sam, 2007. "Surviving the years of infancy: longevity among small firms in Nigeria, 1971-1997," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(8), pages 1023-1042.
    12. José Campino & Ana Brochado & Álvaro Rosa, 2021. "Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs): the importance of human capital," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(8), pages 1225-1262, October.
    13. Bruce D. Meyer, 1990. "Why Are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?," NBER Working Papers 3537, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Nonna Kushnirovich, 2015. "Economic Integration of Immigrant Entrepreneurs," Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, Centre for Strategic and International Entrepreneurship at the Cracow University of Economics., vol. 3(3), pages 9-27.
    15. Mathur, Aparna, 2013. "Beyond bankruptcy: Does the US bankruptcy code provide a fresh start to entrepreneurs?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4198-4216.
    16. Harald Strotmann, 2007. "Entrepreneurial Survival," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 28(1), pages 87-104, January.
    17. Randall Akee & Elton Mykerezi & Richard M. Todd, 2017. "Reservation Employer Establishments: Data from the U.S. Census Longitudinal Business Database," Working Papers 17-57, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    18. Harald Strotmann, 2002. "Determinanten des Überlebens von Neugründungen in der badenwürttembergischen Industrie. Eine empirische Survivalanalyse mit amtlichen Betriebsdaten," IAW Discussion Papers 06, Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (IAW).
    19. Kathryn Stafford & Vibha Bhargava & Sharon Danes & George Haynes & Katherine Brewton, 2010. "Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival of Family Businesses: Duration Analysis," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 442-457, December.
    20. Michaelides, Marios, 2010. "Race and self-employment: The role of training programs, self-employment background, and access to financing," MPRA Paper 20884, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Nerlinger, Eric A., 1996. "Firm formation in high-tech industries: empirical results for Germany," ZEW Discussion Papers 96-07, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    22. Elhem Ben Fatma & Ezzeddine Ben Mohamed & Léo-Paul Dana & Sami Boudabbous, 2021. "Does entrepreneurs’ psychology affect their business venture success? Empirical findings from North Africa," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 921-962, June.
    23. Stanfast Suotonye Barnabas & Marian Lawrence Apoh, 2021. "Chief Executive Officer with Machiavellianism Trait and Survival of Family-owned Businesses in South-South, Nigeria," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 5(1), pages 14-29.
    24. Thomas D. Boston & Linje R. Boston, 2007. "Secrets of Gazelles: The Differences between High-Growth and Low-Growth Business Owned by African American Entrepreneurs," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 108-130, September.
    25. Jiatao Li, 2013. "The internationalization of entrepreneurial firms from emerging economies: The roles of institutional transitions and market opportunities," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 158-171, June.
    26. Albert Link & Christopher Ruhm, 2013. "Fathers’ patenting behavior and the propensity of offspring to patent: an intergenerational analysis," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 332-340, June.
    27. Justin Van Der Sluis & Mirjam Van Praag & Wim Vijverberg, 2008. "Education And Entrepreneurship Selection And Performance: A Review Of The Empirical Literature," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(5), pages 795-841, December.
    28. Marios Michaelides & Scott Davis, 2016. "From unemployment to self-employment: the role of entrepreneurship training," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 09-2016, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.

  48. Timothy Bates, 1985. "Impact of preferential procurement policies on minority-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 51-65, June.

    Cited by:

    1. John N. Pearson & Stanley E. Fawcett & Alicia Cooper, 1994. "Challenges and Approaches to Purchasing from Minority-Owned Firms: A Longitudinal Examination," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 18(2), pages 71-88, January.
    2. Aaron K. Chatterji & Kenneth Y. Chay & Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and Employment," CESifo Working Paper Series 4182, CESifo.
    3. Grant H. Lewis, 2017. "Effects of federal socioeconomic contracting preferences," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 763-783, December.
    4. Cathy A. Enz & Marc J. Dollinger & Catherine M. Daily, 1990. "The Value Orientations of Minority and Non-Minority Small Business Owners," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 15(1), pages 23-35, October.
    5. Y Georgellis & J G Sessions & N Tsitsianis, 2005. "Self-Employment Longitudinal Dynamics: A Review of the Literature," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 10(2), pages 51-84, September.
    6. Boyd, Robert L., 2008. "Trends in the occupations of eminent black entrepreneurs in the United States," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 2390-2398, December.
    7. Bruce D. Meyer, 1990. "Why Are There So Few Black Entrepreneurs?," NBER Working Papers 3537, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Franklin J. James & Thomas A. Clark, 1987. "Minority Business in Urban Economies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 24(6), pages 489-502, December.
    9. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    10. Lorenzo Brown, 1986. "Why should black-owned businesses hire predominately black labor forces?," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 113-121, September.
    11. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.

  49. Timothy Bates, 1984. "Black economic well-being since the 1950s," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 5-39, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Willene Johnson, 1986. "Black managers: The case of The Banking Industry," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(4), pages 103-108, March.

  50. Timothy Bates, 1984. "Urban economic transformation and minority business opportunities," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 13(3), pages 21-36, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Franklin J. James & Thomas A. Clark, 1987. "Minority Business in Urban Economies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 24(6), pages 489-502, December.

  51. Timothy Bates, 1983. "The potential for black business: A comment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 237-240, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Don Markwalder, 1983. "A response to Timothy Bates’ comment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 241-242, December.

  52. Timothy Bates, 1981. "Effectiveness of the small business administration in financing minority business," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 11(3), pages 321-336, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Samuel L. Myers & Tsze Chan, 1996. "Who benefits from minority business set-asides? The case of New Jersey," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(2), pages 202-226.

  53. Bates, Timothy M & Bradford, William D, 1980. "An Analysis of the Portfolio Behavior of Black-Owned Commercial Banks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(3), pages 753-768, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Douglas D. Evanoff & Lewis M. Segal, 1996. "CRA and fair lending regulations: resulting trends in mortgage lending," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 20(Nov), pages 19-46.
    2. Russ Kashian & Yuhan Xue & Rashiqa Kamal, 2019. "Ownership characteristics of Asian American banks," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 43(3), pages 528-551, July.
    3. Harold A. Black & Robert L. Schweitzer, 1985. "Black-Controlled Credit Unions: A Comparative Analysis," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 8(3), pages 193-202, September.
    4. Christopher C. Henderson, 1999. "The Economic Performance of African-American-Owned Banks: The Role of Loan Loss Provisions," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(2), pages 372-376, May.
    5. Lawrence, Edward C., 1997. "The viability of minority-owned banks," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-21.
    6. Russell Kashian & Robert Drago, 2017. "Minority-Owned Banks and Bank Failures After the Financial Collapse," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(1), pages 5-36, February.
    7. Black, Harold A. & Robinson, Breck L. & Schweitzer, Robert L., 2001. "Comparing lending decisions of minority-owned and White-owned banks: Is there discrimination in mortgage lending?," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 23-39.
    8. Iqbal, Zahid & Ramaswamy, Kizhanathan V. & Akhigbe, Aigbe, 1999. "The output efficiency of minority-owned banks in the United States," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 105-114, January.
    9. John Cole & Alfred Edwards & Earl Hamilton & Lucy Reuben, 1985. "Black banks: A survey and analysis of the literature," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 29-50, June.
    10. Hurtado, Agustin & Sakong, Jung, 2022. "The effect of minority bank ownership on minority credit," Working Papers 325, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    11. Iftekhar Hasan & William C. Hunter, 1996. "Management efficiency in minority- and women-owned banks," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 20(Mar), pages 20-28.
    12. Franklin J. James & Thomas A. Clark, 1987. "Minority Business in Urban Economies," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 24(6), pages 489-502, December.
    13. Wendy Edelberg & David A. Marshall, 1996. "Monetary policy shocks and long-term interest rates," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 20(Mar), pages 2-17.
    14. Russ Kashian & Richard McGregory & Neil Lockwood, 2014. "Do Minority-owned Banks Pay Higher Interest Rates on CDs?," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 41(1), pages 13-24, March.

  54. Bates, Timothy, 1978. "Profitability in traditional and emerging lines of black business enterprise," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 154-171, April.

    Cited by:

    1. Edward L. Glaeser & Stuart S. Rosenthal & William C. Strange, 2009. "Urban Economics and Entrepreneurship," NBER Working Papers 15536, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Timothy Bates, 1983. "The potential for black business: A comment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 12(2), pages 237-240, December.

  55. Bates, Timothy M & Hester, Donald D, 1977. "Analysis of a Commercial Bank Minority Lending Program: Comment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(5), pages 1783-1789, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Albert L. Page & Scott Cowen & Martin Cohen, 1979. "Loan Terms and Loan Repayment Performance: The Experience with Minority Small Businesses," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 4(1), pages 10-21, July.
    2. Timothy Bates, 1989. "The changing nature of minority business: A comparative analysis of asian, nonminority, and black-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 18(2), pages 25-42, September.

  56. Timothy Bates, 1976. "Lending activities of black-owned commercial banks," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 6(2), pages 173-188, December.

    Cited by:

    1. John Cole & Alfred Edwards & Earl Hamilton & Lucy Reuben, 1985. "Black banks: A survey and analysis of the literature," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 29-50, June.
    2. John Cole & Lucy Reuben, 1986. "Linkages between minority business characteristics and minority banks’ locations," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 73-92, September.

  57. William Bradford & Timothy Bates, 1975. "An evaluation of alternative strategies for expanding the number of black-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 5(4), pages 376-385, June.

    Cited by:

    1. William O’Hare, 1990. "Black business ownership in the rural south," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 18(3), pages 93-104, December.
    2. Matthew C. Sonfield, 2016. "America’S Largest Black-Owned Companies: A 40-Year Longitudinal Analysis," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(01), pages 1-19, March.

  58. Bates, Timothy, 1975. "Government as Financial Intermediary for Minority Entrepreneurs: An Evaluation," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 48(4), pages 541-557, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Ella W. Van Fleet & David D. Van Fleet, 1985. "Entrepreneurship and Black Capitalism," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 10(2), pages 31-40, October.

  59. Bates, Timothy M, 1974. "Financing Black Enterprise," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(3), pages 747-761, June.

    Cited by:

    1. James C. Brau & Jerome S. Osteryoung, 2001. "An Empirical Examination of SBA Guaranteed Loans: Rates, Collateral, Agency Costs, and the Time to Obtain the Loan," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 6(1), pages 1-23, Spring.
    2. Timothy Bates, 1993. "Determinants Of Survival And Profiability Among Asian Immigrant-Owned Small Businesses," Working Papers 93-11, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    3. Timothy Bates, 1989. "The changing nature of minority business: A comparative analysis of asian, nonminority, and black-owned businesses," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 18(2), pages 25-42, September.

  60. Bates, Timothy, 1973. "An Econometric Analysis of Lending to Black Businessmen," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 55(3), pages 272-283, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Mee Jung & Lee, Kyung Min & Brown, J. David & Earle, John S., 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," IZA Discussion Papers 14403, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Adli Abouzeedan, 2003. "Financing Swedish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Methods, Problems and Impact," ERSA conference papers ersa03p34, European Regional Science Association.
    3. Kerry D. Vandell, 1984. "On the Assessment of Default Risk in Commercial Mortgage Lending," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 12(3), pages 270-296, September.
    4. Timothy Bates & William D. Bradford & William E. Jackson, 2018. "Are minority-owned businesses underserved by financial markets? Evidence from the private-equity industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 445-461, March.
    5. Timothy Bates & Caren Grown, 1991. "Commercial Bank Lending Practices And The Development Of Black-Owned Construction Companies," Working Papers 91-9, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2016. "Impacts of Owner Race and Geographic Context on Access to Small-Business Financing," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 30(2), pages 159-170, May.
    7. Timothy Bates, 1986. "Characteristics of minorities who are entering self-employment," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 31-49, September.

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