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Entrepreneurial diversity and economic growth

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  • André van Stel
  • Ingrid Verheul

Abstract

We investigate the impact of entrepreneurial diversity on national economic growth. More specifically, using data for 36 countries participating in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we investigate whether the impact of entrepreneurial activity is different for different sociodemographic groups. Diversity is measured in terms of age, education and gender. We find that in less developed countries, older and higher educated entrepreneurs are particularly important for stimulating economic growth, while for highly developed countries the contribution of younger entrepreneurs is more important. We do not find evidence for a differential contribution of female and male entrepreneurs.

Suggested Citation

  • André van Stel & Ingrid Verheul, 2007. "Entrepreneurial diversity and economic growth," Scales Research Reports H200701, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:eim:papers:h200701
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    2. Catherine Wanjiru Gathitu & Elegwa Mukulu & John Kihoro, 2021. "The influence of credit on the growth of YEDF- funded group-based enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(2), pages 183-194, March.
    3. Blid Laura, 2018. "Senior entrepreneurship – key facts at regional level in Romania," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 139-150, May.
    4. Nardo Vries & Werner Liebregts & André Stel, 2020. "Explaining entrepreneurial performance of solo self-employed from a motivational perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 447-460, August.
    5. Crecente-Romero, Fernando & Giménez-Baldazo, Mónica & Rivera-Galicia, Luis F., 2016. "Subjective perception of entrepreneurship. Differences among countries," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 5158-5162.
    6. Rafik Abdesselam & Jean Bonnet & Patricia Renou-Maissant & Mathilde Aubry, 2018. "Entrepreneurship, economic development, and institutional environment: evidence from OECD countries," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 504-546, December.
    7. Dieter Bögenhold & Jarna Heinonen & Elisa Akola, 2014. "Entrepreneurship and Independent Professionals: Social and Economic Logics," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 20(3), pages 295-310, August.
    8. André van Stel & Sander Wennekers & Jolanda Hessels & Peter van der Zwan, 2012. "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 The Netherlands," Scales Research Reports A201211, EIM Business and Policy Research.
    9. Bögenhold, Dieter & Fachinger, Uwe, 2013. "Weibliche Solo-Selbstständigkeit zwischen Notwendigkeit und Innovationsherausforderung: Beobachtungen über Geschlecht und Unternehmertum in Deutschland [Female Solo-Self-Employment Between Necessit," MPRA Paper 51460, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Tatiana Tsyganova & Galina Shirokova, 2010. "Gender Differences In Entrepreneurship: Evidence From Gem Data," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 1(1).
    11. Păunescu Carmen & Blid Laura, 2017. "Seniorpreneur as a career option for smart active ageing. A study on Romania," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 11(1), pages 826-833, July.
    12. Massón Guerra, José Luis, 2007. "El capital empresarial como determinante de la productividad y el crecimiento en España [The Impact of Entrepreneurship Capital on Spanish's Labor Productivity and Economic Growth]," MPRA Paper 4073, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Bögenhold, Dieter & Heinonen, Jarna & Akola, Elisa, 2013. "Entrepreneurship and Independent Professionals: Why do Professionals not meet with Stereotypes of Entrepreneurship?," MPRA Paper 51529, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Bögenhold, Dieter & Fachinger, Uwe, 2010. "How Diverse is Entrepreneurship? Observations on the social heterogeneity of self-employment in Germany," MPRA Paper 23271, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Bögenhold, Dieter & Fachinger, Uwe, 2012. "Unternehmertum: Unterschiedliche Facetten selbstständiger Berufstätigkeit [Entrepreneurship: Diverse aspects of self-employment]," MPRA Paper 51459, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Ivano Dileo & Thaís García Pereiro, 2019. "Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process. A cross-country multilevel approach," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(4), pages 1393-1441, December.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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