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Seeing the World with Different Eyes

Author

Listed:
  • Philipp Koellinger

    (Erasmus University Rotterdam)

  • Maria Minniti

    (Southern Methodist University)

  • Christian Schade

    (Humboldt University Berlin)

Abstract

Across countries, women own significantly fewer businesses than do men. We show that this is due, in large part, to the fact that the propensity to start businesses of women is significantly lower than that of men. The lower propensity of women, in turn, appears to be highly correlated to women’s lower average levels of optimism and self-confidence, and higher fear of failure. Ceteris paribus, women and men have different perceptions of the business environment and, as a result, make different decisions. We provide some evidence that this may be universally true and independent from culture, although country specific factors seem to influence perceptual differences between genders. We also show that women who are more self-confident and undeterred by failure have a greater probability to start a business than men with similar characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Koellinger & Maria Minniti & Christian Schade, 2008. "Seeing the World with Different Eyes," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 08-035/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 11 Mar 2011.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20080035
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    File URL: https://papers.tinbergen.nl/08035.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Nascent entrepreneurship; gender; perceptions; judgment and decision making;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J0 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor

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