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Is Franchising Entrepreneurship? Yes, No, and Maybe So

Author

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  • David J. Ketchen Jr.
  • Jeremy C. Short
  • James G. Combs

Abstract

We report the results of a survey of key thought leaders within the entrepreneurship field centered on the relationship between franchising and entrepreneurship. Specifically, we asked members of the Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice editorial board whether they consider franchisors to be entrepreneurs, whether they consider franchisees to be entrepreneurs, whether they consider research on franchising to be entrepreneurship research, and how they view the quality of franchising research compared with the quality of entrepreneurship research in general. Their collective responses offer important implications for franchising research. One implication is that franchising research needs to become more theoretically robust. A second is that the concepts of opportunity recognition, risk, organizational size, stage of organizational development, and organizational autonomy need to be taken into account when studying franchising.

Suggested Citation

  • David J. Ketchen Jr. & Jeremy C. Short & James G. Combs, 2011. "Is Franchising Entrepreneurship? Yes, No, and Maybe So," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(3), pages 583-593, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:entthe:v:35:y:2011:i:3:p:583-593
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00442.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Evelien P. M. Croonen & Marko Grünhagen & Melody L. Wollan, 2016. "Best fit, best practice, or stuck in the middle? The impact of unit ownership on unit HR performance in franchise systems," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(3), pages 697-711, September.
    2. Norazman Saharum & Ahmad Rahman Songip & Nurul Fadly Habidin & Mas Bambang Baroto, 2017. "A Review Evolution Dominant Theories in Adaptation to Franchising System," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 528-538, March.
    3. Monica C. Diochon & Alistair R. Anderson & Yogesh Ghore, 2017. "Microfranchise emergence and its impact on entrepreneurship," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 553-574, June.
    4. Evelien P. M. Croonen & Maryse J. Brand & Eelko K. R. E. Huizingh, 2016. "To be entrepreneurial, or not to be entrepreneurial? Explaining differences in franchisee entrepreneurial behavior within a franchise system," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 531-553, June.
    5. Erik Markin & Chelsea Sherlock & R. Gabrielle Swab & Benjamin D. McLarty, 2024. "Franchise ownership types and noneconomic performance among quick service restaurants: do family operated franchises receive fewer health code violations?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(2), pages 851-869, August.
    6. Maryse J. Brand & Evelien P. M. Croonen & Roger T. A. J. Leenders, 2018. "Entrepreneurial networking: a blessing or a curse? Differential effects for low, medium and high performing franchisees," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 783-805, April.
    7. Boulay, Jacques & Caemmerer, Barbara & Evanschitzky, Heiner & Duniach, Krista, 2020. "Multi-unit franchising from franchisor and franchisee perspectives: Antecedents, performance outcomes, and the optimal mini-chain size," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 49-58.
    8. Benjamin Lawrence & Jie J. Zhang & Liwu Hsu & Sarah Zheng, 2021. "Return on Investments in Hotel Franchising: Understanding Moderating Effects of Franchisee Dependence," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(8), pages 2420-2440, August.
    9. Weaven, Scott & Quach, Sara & Thaichon, Park & Frazer, Lorelle & Billot, Ken & Grace, Debra, 2021. "Surviving an economic downturn: Dynamic capabilities of SMEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 109-123.
    10. Watson, Anna & Dada, Olufunmilola (Lola) & Grünhagen, Marko & Wollan, Melody L., 2016. "When do franchisors select entrepreneurial franchisees? An organizational identity perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(12), pages 5934-5945.
    11. Hadjielias, Elias & Dada, Olufunmilola (Lola) & Eliades, Kostas, 2021. "Entrepreneurial process in international multiunit franchise outlets: A social capital perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 13-28.
    12. Shockley, Jeff & Turner, Tobin, 2016. "A relational performance model for developing innovation and long-term orientation in retail franchise organizations," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 175-188.
    13. Esther Calderón-Monge & Pilar Huerta-Zavala & Jannett Ayup-González, 2019. "Effects of brand-related and market signals on franchisees’ entrepreneurial decisions: a multi-country panel data analysis," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 573-588, June.
    14. Evelien Croonen & Hans van Der Bij & Rozenn Perrigot & Assaad El Akremi & Olivier Herrbach, 2022. "Who wants to be a franchisee? Explaining individual intentions to become franchisees," Post-Print hal-03281669, HAL.
    15. Jason Lortie & Kevin C. Cox & Curtis Sproul, 2021. "Toward a theory of entrepreneurial differentiation: how entrepreneurial firms compete," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1291-1312, September.
    16. Calderon-Monge, Esther & Pastor-Sanz, Iván & Sendra-García, Javier, 2021. "How to select franchisees: A model proposal," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 676-684.
    17. Karim Mignonac & Christian Vandenberghe & Rozenn Perrigot & Assâad El Akremi & Olivier Herrbach, 2015. "A Multi–Study Investigation of Outcomes of Franchisees’ Affective Commitment to Their Franchise Organization," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(3), pages 461-488, May.

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