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Racial disparities in farm loan application processing: Are Black farmers disadvantaged?

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  • Ashok K. Mishra
  • Gianna Short
  • Charles B. Dodson

Abstract

Black farmers have historically been discriminated against in services from the federal government, including access to credit. Discrimination can take the form of delayed loan processing requests, which can affect timely planting, harvesting, feeding of livestock, and farm performance. This study uses nationwide, farm‐level data from 2009 to 2021 from the Farm Service Agency's direct farm loan program to investigate racial discrimination in the farm loan program. Findings reveal loan processing times average longer for Black borrowers on operating loans, though with a substantial state‐level variation. Specifically, it takes an average of more than two additional days for Black farmers' operating loan applications to be completed and another two additional days to be processed. However, there was no significant difference in time for farm ownership loans suggesting a more nuanced cause than outright racial discrimination. Other factors that increased loan processing time for borrowers included larger loan amounts, more complex loan types, a mix of collateral, and being a new borrower.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashok K. Mishra & Gianna Short & Charles B. Dodson, 2024. "Racial disparities in farm loan application processing: Are Black farmers disadvantaged?," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 46(1), pages 111-136, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:apecpp:v:46:y:2024:i:1:p:111-136
    DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13389
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    2. Kim, Kevin & Sant’Anna, Ana Claudia & Demko, Iryna, 2024. "Minority-Owned Agricultural Businesses and Challenges with the Paycheck Protection Program: Seeking Ways to Reach Farmers," Applied Economics Teaching Resources (AETR), Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 6(4), December.

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