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Consumer demand and credit supply as barriers to growth for Black-owned startups

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  • Tan, Eugene
  • Zeida, Teegawende H.

Abstract

We formulate a framework showing that differences in capital returns and capital intensity between groups of firms can identify relative differences in consumer demand and credit constraints. Using micro-data on Black- and White-owned startups, we find robust evidence that Black-owned startups have lower capital returns, implying that Black-owned startups face lower consumer demand due to race. In contrast, we find mixed evidence of tighter credit constraints due to race. We further show that differences in capital returns are persistent over time, whereas capital intensity differences are transitory. This suggests that lower demand, rather than credit constraints, might be the main barrier to growth for Black-owned startups.

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  • Tan, Eugene & Zeida, Teegawende H., 2024. "Consumer demand and credit supply as barriers to growth for Black-owned startups," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:moneco:v:143:y:2024:i:c:s0304393223001514
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2023.12.001
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entrepreneurship; Discrimination; Investment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • L2 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

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