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Kenneth Leonard

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Blog mentions

As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
  1. Uri Gneezy & Kenneth L. Leonard & John A. List, 2008. "Gender Differences in Competition: Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society," NBER Working Papers 13727, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Women in politics
      by Economic Logician in Economic Logic on 2008-09-08 18:00:00
  2. Jeffrey Flory & Uri Gneezy & Kenneth Leonard & John List, 2017. "Gender, Age, and Competition: a Disappearing Gap?," Artefactual Field Experiments 00611, The Field Experiments Website.

    Mentioned in:

    1. Gender, Age, and Competition: a Disappearing Gap?
      by maximorossi in NEP-LTV blog on 2017-08-11 17:41:53

Working papers

  1. Jeffrey Flory & Uri Gneezy & Kenneth Leonard & John List, 2017. "Gender, Age, and Competition: a Disappearing Gap?," Artefactual Field Experiments 00611, The Field Experiments Website.

    Cited by:

    1. Eber, Nicolas & François, Abel & Weill, Laurent, 2021. "Gender, age, and attitude toward competition," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 668-690.
    2. Ahmad Reshad Osmani & Albert Okunade, 2021. "A Double-Hurdle Model of Healthcare Expenditures across Income Quintiles and Family Size: New Insights from a Household Survey," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Botond Kálmán & Arnold Tóth & Tímea Juhász, 2020. "Gender Differences Of Competitive Attitude From Childhood To Adulthood," Economy & Business Journal, International Scientific Publications, Bulgaria, vol. 14(1), pages 216-236.
    4. Osório, António (António Miguel), 2021. "The society gendered equilibrium: in search for an economic rationale," Working Papers 2072/534913, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    5. Concetta Castiglione & Davide Infante & Janna Smirnova, 2022. "Do female managers perform better? Evidence from Italian manufacturing firms," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2194-2209, April.
    6. Paula Pereda & Maria Dolores Montoya Diaz & Fabiana Rocha & Liz Matsunaga & Bruna Pugialli Borges & Jesus Mena-Chalco & Renata Narita & Clara Brenck, 2023. "Are women less persistent? Evidence from submissions to a nationwide meeting of economics," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(16), pages 1757-1768, April.
    7. Thomas Buser & Muriel Niederle & Hessel Oosterbeek, 2021. "Can Competitiveness predict Education and Labor Market Outcomes? Evidence from Incentivized Choice and Survey Measures," NBER Working Papers 28916, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Asad Islam & Sakiba Tasneem & Liang Choon Wang, 2023. "Fishermen’s competitiveness and labour market performance: Evidence from shrimpers in Bangladesh," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 67(3), pages 346-363, July.
    9. Eszter Czibor & David Jimenez-Gomez & John A. List, 2019. "The Dozen Things Experimental Economists Should Do (More of)," NBER Working Papers 25451, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Buser, Thomas & van den Assem, Martijn J. & van Dolder, Dennie, 2023. "Gender and willingness to compete for high stakes," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 350-370.
    11. Quinn A. W. Keefer, 2022. "Sex Differences in High-Level Managerial Jobs: Evidence From Professional Basketball," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 23(3), pages 301-328, April.
    12. Huikku, Jari & Myllymäki, Emma-Riikka & Ojala, Hannu, 2022. "Gender differences in the first course in accounting: An achievement goal approach," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(3).
    13. António Osório, 2019. "Gender differences in competition: gender equality and cost reduction policies," Review of Economic Design, Springer;Society for Economic Design, vol. 23(1), pages 27-52, June.
    14. John A. List & Ragan Petrie & Anya Samek, 2023. "How Experiments with Children Inform Economics," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 61(2), pages 504-564, June.
    15. Demiral, Elif E. & Mollerstrom, Johanna, 2024. "Competitiveness and Employability," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    16. Difang Huang & Zhengyang Bao, 2020. "Gender Differences in Reaction to Enforcement Mechanisms: A Large-Scale Natural Field Experiment," Monash Economics Working Papers 08-20, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    17. Rinne, Ulf & Sonnabend, Hendrik, 2019. "Female Workers, Male Managers: Gender, Leadership, and Risk-Taking," IZA Discussion Papers 12726, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Flory, Jeffrey & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Tsaneva, Magda & Vasilaky, Kathryn, 2023. "How social structure shapes female competition throughout her lifetime," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 433-456.
    19. Cassar, Alessandra & Zhang, Y. Jane, 2022. "The competitive woman: Evolutionary insights and cross-cultural evidence into finding the Femina Economica," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 447-471.
    20. Jørgensen, Lotte Kofoed & Piovesan, Marco & Willadsen, Helene, 2022. "Gender differences in competitiveness: Friends matter," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    21. Schier, Uta K., 2020. "Female and male role models and competitiveness," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 55-67.
    22. Pikos, Anna Katharina & Straub, Alexander, 2022. "Different but stable—Performance against the opposite sex across age," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    23. John List, 2021. "2021 Summary Data of Artefactual Field Experiments Published on Fieldexperiments.com," Artefactual Field Experiments 00749, The Field Experiments Website.
    24. Lowes, Sara, 2021. "Kinship structure, stress, and the gender gap in competition," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 36-57.
    25. Bernd Frick & Clarissa Laura Maria Spiess Bru & Daniel Kaimann, 2023. "Are Women (Really) More Lenient? Gender Differences in Expert Evaluations," Working Papers Dissertations 106, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    26. Pikos, Anna Katharina & Straub, Alexander, 2021. "Different but stable - gender-specific competitive behaviour across age," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-689, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
    27. Kevin Boudreau & Nilam Kaushik, 2020. "The Gender Gap in Tech & Competitive Work Environments? Field Experimental Evidence from an Internet-of-Things Product Development Platform," NBER Working Papers 27154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    28. Almås, Ingvild & Berge, Lars Ivar & Bjorvatn, Kjetil & Somville, Vincent & Tungodden, Bertil, 2020. "Adverse selection into competition: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment in Tanzania," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 19/2020, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
    29. Osorio, António (António Miguel), 2019. "Gender differences in competition: gender equality and cost reduction policies," Working Papers 2072/351587, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.

  2. Kenneth Leonard & Kathryn Vasilaky, 2016. "As Good as the Company They Keep?," World Bank Publications - Reports 25449, The World Bank Group.

    Cited by:

    1. Marie Albertine Djuikom, 2018. "Incentives to labour migration and agricultural productivity: The Bayesian perspective," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2018-45, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

  3. Buehren,Niklas & Goldstein,Markus P. & Leonard,Kenneth & Montalvao,Joao & Vasilaky,Kathryn, 2016. "Women's empowerment, sibling rivalry, and competitiveness: evidence from a lab experiment and a randomized control trial in Uganda," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7699, The World Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Alison Andrew & Sonya Krutikova & Gabriela Smarrelli & Hemlata Verma, 2022. "Gender norms, violence and adolescent girls' trajectories: evidence from a field experiment in India," Economics Series Working Papers 984, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    2. Oriana Bandiera & Niklas Buehren & Robin Burgess & Markus Goldstein & Selim Gulesci & Imran Rasul & Munshi Sulaiman, 2014. "Women's empowerment in action: Evidence from a randomized control trial in Africa," CSAE Working Paper Series 2014-30, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    3. Alison Andrew & Sonya Krutikova & Gabriela Smarrelli & Hemlata Verma, 2022. "Gender norms, violence and adolescent girls’ trajectories: evidence from a field experiment in India," IFS Working Papers W22/41, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

  4. Jeffrey Flory & Uri Gneezy & Kenneth Leonard & John List, 2012. "Sex, competitiveness, and investment in offspring: On the origin of preferences," Artefactual Field Experiments 00072, The Field Experiments Website.

    Cited by:

    1. Buser, Thomas & Dreber, Anna & Mollerstrom, Johanna, 2015. "Stress Reactions Cannot Explain the Gender Gap in Willingness to Compete," Working Paper Series 1071, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    2. Buser, Thomas & Geijtenbeek, Lydia & Plug, Erik, 2015. "Do Gays Shy Away from Competition? Do Lesbians Compete Too Much?," IZA Discussion Papers 9382, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Cassar, Alessandra & Zhang, Y. Jane, 2022. "The competitive woman: Evolutionary insights and cross-cultural evidence into finding the Femina Economica," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 447-471.
    4. Daniele Checchi & Simona Cicognani & Nevena Kulic, 2015. "Gender quotas or girls' networks? Towards an understanding of recruitment in the research profession in Italy," FBK-IRVAPP Working Papers 2015-12, Research Institute for the Evaluation of Public Policies (IRVAPP), Bruno Kessler Foundation.
    5. Buser, Thomas & Dreber, Anna & Mollerstrom, Johanna, 2017. "The impact of stress on tournament entry," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 20(2), pages 506-530.
    6. Boschini, Anne & Dreber, Anna & von Essen, Emma & Muren, Astri & Ranehill, Eva, 2014. "Gender and economic preferences in a large random sample," Research Papers in Economics 2014:6, Stockholm University, Department of Economics.

  5. McNamara, Paul E. & Ulimwengu, John M. & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2010. "Do health investments improve agricultural productivity? Lessons from agricultural household and health research," IFPRI discussion papers 1012, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

    Cited by:

    1. Séne, Ligane Massamba & Badiane, Ousmane, . "Out-of-pocket health payments: a catalyst for agricultural productivity growth, but with potentially impoverishing effects in Senegal," Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 97(1).
    2. Ioanna G. Gkiza & Stefanos A. Nastis, 2017. "Health and Women’s Role in Agricultural Production Efficiency," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 39(3), pages 428-440.
    3. Sene, Ligane Massamba & Badiane, Ousmane, 2015. "Out-of-pocket health payments: a catalyst for agricultural productivity growth, but with potentially impoverishing effects," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212261, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Jean-Marc Montaud & Mahamadou Roufahi Tankari, 2014. "When social goals meet economic goals: the double dividend of extending free access to healthcare in Uganda," Post-Print hal-01879845, HAL.
    5. Allen, Summer L. & Qaim, Matin, 2012. "Agricultural productivity and public expenditures in sub-saharan africa:," IFPRI discussion papers 1173, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Ulimwengu, J. & Makombe, T., 2018. "Farmers’ Social Expenditures and Agricultural Productivity A state variables approach," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 276000, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Pierre-Richard Agénor, 2012. "A Computable OLG Model for Gender and Growth Policy Analysis," Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series 169, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    8. Allen, Summer L. & Badiane, Ousmane & Ulimwengu, John M., 2012. "Government Expenditures, Social Outcomes, and Marginal Productivity of Agricultural Inputs: A Case Study for Tanzania," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126663, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    9. Robinson, Sherman & Levy, Stephanie, 2014. "Can cash transfers promote the local economy? A case study for Cambodia:," IFPRI discussion papers 1334, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

  6. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

    Cited by:

  7. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Professionalism, Latent Professionalism and Organizational Demands for Health Care Quality in a Developing Country," Working Papers 42883, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Lewis, Maureen & Pettersson, Gunilla, 2009. "Governance in health care delivery : raising performance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5074, The World Bank.

  8. Uri Gneezy & Kenneth L. Leonard & John A. List, 2008. "Gender Differences in Competition: Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society," NBER Working Papers 13727, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Ghazala Azmat & Nagore Iriberri, 2012. "The Provision of Relative Performance Feedback Information: An Experimental Analysis of Performance and Happiness," CEP Discussion Papers dp1116, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    2. Antonio Filippin & Paolo Crosetto, 2014. "A reconsideration of gender differences in risk attitudes," Post-Print hal-01997771, HAL.
    3. Bertrand, Marianne, 2011. "New Perspectives on Gender," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 17, pages 1543-1590, Elsevier.
    4. Shagata Mukherjee, 2020. "What Drives Gender Differences in Trust and Trustworthiness?," Public Finance Review, , vol. 48(6), pages 778-805, November.
    5. Zhang, Lin, 2022. "Patrilineality, fertility, and women's income: Evidence from family lineage in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Jirjahn, Uwe & Struewing, Cornelia, 2019. "Out-of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany," GLO Discussion Paper Series 337, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    7. Khachatryan, Karen & Dreber, Anna & von Essen, Emma & Ranehill, Eva, 2015. "Gender and preferences at a young age: Evidence from Armenia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 318-332.
    8. Shelly Lundberg, 2010. "The Changing Sexual Division of Labour," Chapters, in: Robert M. Solow & Jean-Philippe Touffut (ed.), The Shape of the Division of Labour, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    9. Hiller, Victor & Wu, Jiabin & Zhang, Hanzhe, 2023. "Marital preferences and stable matching in cultural evolution," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    10. Leonardo Becchetti & Giacomo Degli Antoni & Stefania Ottone & Nazaria Solferino, 2011. "Allocation criteria under task performance: the gendered preference for protection," Econometica Working Papers wp32, Econometica.
    11. Ertac, Seda & Gurdal, Mehmet Y., 2012. "Deciding to decide: Gender, leadership and risk-taking in groups," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 24-30.
    12. Johnston, David W. & Lee, Wang-Sheng, 2011. "Climbing the Job Ladder: New Evidence of Gender Inequity," IZA Discussion Papers 5970, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    13. Reuben, Ernesto & Sapienza, Paola & Zingales, Luigi, 2015. "Competitiveness and the Gender Gap among Young Business Professionals," IZA Discussion Papers 9446, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Prabal K. De & Nadine Shaanta Murshid, 2018. "Associations of intimate partner violence with screening for mental health disorders among women in urban Bangladesh," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(8), pages 913-921, November.
    15. Holden, Stein T. & Tilahun, Mesfin, 2020. "Endowment Effects and Loss Aversion in the Risky Investment Game," CLTS Working Papers 1/20, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Land Tenure Studies.
    16. Bjorvatn, Kjetil & Falch, Ranveig & Hernæs, Ulrikke, 2016. "Gender, context and competition: Experimental evidence from rural and urban Uganda," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 31-37.
    17. Andreas Pondorfer & Toman Barsbai & Ulrich Schmidt, 2017. "Gender Differences in Stereotypes of Risk Preferences: Experimental Evidence from a Matrilineal and a Patrilineal Society," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(10), pages 3268-3284, October.
    18. Meier, Stephan & Pierce, Lamar & Vaccaro, Antonino & La Cara, Barbara, 2016. "Trust and in-group favoritism in a culture of crime," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 132(PA), pages 78-92.
    19. Gagliarducci, Stefano & Paserman, M. Daniele, 2009. "Gender Interactions within Hierarchies: Evidence from the Political Arena," IZA Discussion Papers 4128, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Anderson, Siwan & Bidner, Chris, 2022. "An Institutional Perspective on the Economics of the Family," CEPR Discussion Papers 17108, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    21. Karthik Muralidharan & Mauricio Romero & Kaspar Wüthrich, 2020. "Factorial Designs, Model Selection, and (Incorrect) Inference in Randomized Experiments," CESifo Working Paper Series 8137, CESifo.
    22. Kamas, Linda & Preston, Anne, 2012. "The importance of being confident; gender, career choice, and willingness to compete," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 82-97.
    23. Astrid Sneyers & Anneleen Vandeplas, 2013. "Girl Power in Agricultural Production: How Much Does it Yield? A Case-Study on the Dairy Sector in India," Working Papers id:5562, eSocialSciences.
    24. Jana Cahlikova & Lubomir Cingl & Ian Levely, 2017. "How Stress Affects Performance and Competitiveness across Gender," Working Papers tax-mpg-rps-2017-01, Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance.
    25. Müller, Julia & Schwieren, Christiane, 2012. "Can personality explain what is underlying women’s unwillingness to compete?," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 448-460.
    26. Jacob Moscona & Nathan Nunn & James A. Robinson, 2020. "Segmentary Lineage Organization and Conflict in Sub‐Saharan Africa," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(5), pages 1999-2036, September.
    27. Catherine Eckel & Lata Gangadharan & Philip J. Grossman & Nina Xue, 2021. "The gender leadership gap: insights from experiments," Chapters, in: Ananish Chaudhuri (ed.), A Research Agenda for Experimental Economics, chapter 7, pages 137-162, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    28. Eber, Nicolas & François, Abel & Weill, Laurent, 2021. "Gender, age, and attitude toward competition," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 668-690.
    29. Anna Laura Baraldi & Giovanni Immordino & Marco Stimolo, 2020. "Mafia Wears Out Women in Power: Evidence from Italian Municipalities," CSEF Working Papers 586, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    30. Nabanita Datta Gupta & Anders Poulsen & Marie Claire Villeval, 2013. "Gender matching and competitiveness: experimental evidence," Post-Print halshs-00661770, HAL.
    31. Dirk Schindler & Guttorm Schjelderup, 2011. "Debt Shifting and Ownership Structure," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2011-35, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.
    32. Attali, Yigal & Neeman, Zvika & Schlosser, Analia, 2011. "Rise to the Challenge or Not Give a Damn: Differential Performance in High vs. Low Stakes Tests," IZA Discussion Papers 5693, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    33. Thomas Buser & Muriel Niederle & Hessel Oosterbeek, 2012. "Gender, Competitiveness and Career Choices," NBER Working Papers 18576, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    34. Boneva, Teodora & Buser, Thomas & Falk, Armin & Kosse, Fabian, 2021. "The Origins of Gender Differences in Competitiveness and Earnings Expectations: Causal Evidence from a Mentoring Intervention," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 295, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
    35. Francesca Cornaglia & Michalis Drouvelis & Paolo Masella, 2019. "Competition and the role of group identity," CESifo Working Paper Series 7643, CESifo.
    36. Booth, Alison L. & Lee, Jungmin, 2019. "Girls' and Boys' Performance in Competitions: What We Can Learn from a Korean Quiz Show," IZA Discussion Papers 12182, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    37. Amanda Goodall & Margit Osterloh & Mandy Fong, 2020. "Women Shy Away From Competition – How To Overcome It," CREMA Working Paper Series 2020-21, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    38. Jeffrey A. Flory & Andreas Leibbrandt & John A. List, 2010. "Do Competitive Work Places Deter Female Workers? A Large-Scale Natural Field Experiment on Gender Differences in Job-Entry Decisions," NBER Working Papers 16546, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    39. Dasgupta, Utteeyo & Mani, Subha & Sharma, Smriti & Singhal, Saurabh, 2016. "Eliciting Risk Preferences: Firefighting in the Field," IZA Discussion Papers 9765, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    40. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2016. "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations," NBER Working Papers 21913, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    41. Cochard, François & Couprie, Hélène & Hopfensitz, Astrid, 2015. "What if women earned more than their spouses? An experimental investigation of work-division in couples," IAST Working Papers 15-26, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), revised Jan 2017.
    42. Marit Hinnosaar, 2015. "Gender Inequality in New Media: Evidence from Wikipedia," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 411, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
    43. Julie A. Nelson, 2015. "Are Women Really More Risk-Averse Than Men? A Re-Analysis Of The Literature Using Expanded Methods," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 566-585, July.
    44. Cheng Li & Christopher Cotton & Frank McIntyre & Joseph P. Price, 2015. "Which Explanations For Gender Differences In Competition Are Consistent With A Simple Theoretical Model?," Working Paper 1342, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    45. Finan, Frederico S. & Schechter, Laura, 2011. "Vote-Buying and Reciprocity," IZA Discussion Papers 5965, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    46. Booth, Alison & Nolen, Patrick & Cardona Sosa, Lina, 2011. "Gender Differences in Risk Aversion: Do Single-Sex Environments Affect their Development?," CEPR Discussion Papers 8690, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    47. Vasilaky, Kathryn N. & Islam, Asif M., 2018. "Competition or cooperation? Using team and tournament incentives for learning among female farmers in rural Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 216-225.
    48. Hiroko Okudaira & Yusuke Kinari & Noriko Mizutani & Fumio Ohtake & Akira Kawaguchi, 2014. "Older Sisters and Younger Brothers: The Impact of Siblings on Preference for Competition," ISER Discussion Paper 0896, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    49. Buser, Thomas & Ranehill, Eva & van Veldhuizen, Roel, 2021. "Gender differences in willingness to compete: The role of public observability," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 83, pages 1-1.
    50. Cueva, Carlos & Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Iñigo & Ponti, Giovanni & Tomás, Josefa, 2019. "Boys will still be boys: Gender differences in trading activity are not due to differences in (over)confidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 100-120.
    51. Giuliano, Paola & Nunn, Nathan, 2018. "Ancestral characteristics of modern populations," CEPR Discussion Papers 12909, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    52. Cowan, Benjamin & Schwab, Benjamin, 2016. "Employer-sponsored health insurance and the gender wage gap," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 103-114.
    53. Loukas Balafoutas & Rudolf Kerschbamer & Matthias Sutter, 2011. "Distributional Preferences and Competitive Behavior," Working Papers 2011-04, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universität Innsbruck.
    54. Andrea Blasco & Olivia S. Jung & Karim R. Lakhani & Michael Menietti, 2016. "Motivating Effort In Contributing to Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence," NBER Working Papers 22189, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    55. Valeria Maggian & Antonio Nicoló, 2017. "The wrong man for the job: biased beliefs and job mismatching," Working Papers 1705, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon St-Étienne (GATE Lyon St-Étienne), Université de Lyon.
    56. Robert Rudolf & Dirk Bethmann, 2023. "The Paradox of Wealthy Nations’ Low Adolescent Life Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 79-105, January.
    57. Brishti Guha, 2010. "Patrilocal Exogamy as a Monitoring Mechanism : How Inheritance and Residence Patterns Co-evolve," Working Papers 09-2010, Singapore Management University, School of Economics.
    58. Steffen Andersen & Seda Ertac & Uri Gneezy & John List & Sandra Maximiano, 2013. "Gender, Competitiveness, and Socialization at a Young Age: Evidence From a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society," Natural Field Experiments 00603, The Field Experiments Website.
    59. Simone Gobien & Björn Vollan, 2016. "Exchanging Land for Solidarity: Solidarity Transfers among Voluntarily Resettled and Non-resettled Land-Reform Beneficiaries," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 98(3), pages 802-818.
    60. Gine, Xavier & Mansuri, Ghazala, 2014. "Money or ideas ? a field experiment on constraints to entrepreneurship in rural Pakistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6959, The World Bank.
    61. Migheli, Matteo, 2010. "Gender at work: Productivity and incentives," POLIS Working Papers 142, Institute of Public Policy and Public Choice - POLIS.
    62. Kessel, Dany & Mollerstrom, Johanna & van Veldhuizen, Roel, 2021. "Can simple advice eliminate the gender gap in willingness to compete?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    63. Xue, Melanie Meng, 2018. "High-Value Work and the Rise of Women: The Cotton Revolution and Gender Equality in China," MPRA Paper 91100, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    64. Holden, Stein T. & Tilahun, Mesfin, 2022. "Can the risky investment game predict real world investments?," CLTS Working Papers 5/22, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Centre for Land Tenure Studies.
    65. Cinzia Di Novi & Rowena Jacobs & Matteo Migheli, 2013. "The quality of life of female informal caregivers: from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean Sea," Working Papers 084cherp, Centre for Health Economics, University of York.
    66. Ben D'Exelle & Christine Gutekunst & Arno Riedl, 2020. "The Effect of Gender and Gender Pairing on Bargaining: Evidence from an Artefactual Field Experiment," CESifo Working Paper Series 8750, CESifo.
    67. Clot, Sophie & Della Giusta, Marina & Razzu, Giovanni, 2020. "Gender Gaps in Competition: New Experimental Evidence from UK Professionals," IZA Discussion Papers 13323, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    68. Mario Daniele Amore & Orsola Garofalo & Alessandro Minichilli, 2014. "Gender Interactions Within the Family Firm," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(5), pages 1083-1097, May.
    69. Osório, António (António Miguel), 2021. "The society gendered equilibrium: in search for an economic rationale," Working Papers 2072/534913, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Economics.
    70. David Smerdon & Theo Offerman & Uri Gneezy, 2020. "‘Everybody’s doing it’: on the persistence of bad social norms," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 23(2), pages 392-420, June.
    71. Hahn, Youjin & Islam, Asadul & Patacchini, Eleonora & Zenou, Yves, 2015. "Network Structure and Education Outcomes: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Bangladesh," IZA Discussion Papers 8872, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    72. Tewodros Makonnen Gebrewolde & James Rockey, 2017. "The Global Gender Gap in Labor Income," Discussion Papers in Economics 17/14, Division of Economics, School of Business, University of Leicester.
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    502. Ariane Agunsoye & Jerome Monne & Janette Rutterford & Dimitris P. Sotiropoulos, 2022. "How gender, marital status, and gender norms affect savings goals," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 157-183, May.
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  9. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Hao Xue & Jennifer Hager & Qi An & Kai Liu & Jing Zhang & Emma Auden & Bingyan Yang & Jie Yang & Hongyan Liu & Jingchun Nie & Aiqin Wang & Chengchao Zhou & Yaojiang Shi & Sean Sylvia, 2018. "The Quality of Tuberculosis Care in Urban Migrant Clinics in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Pereira Lopez,Carolina & Sautmann,Anja & Schaner,Simone Gabrielle, 2020. "Does Patient Demand Contribute to the Overuse of Prescription Drugs ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9482, The World Bank.
    3. Si, Yafei & Bateman, Hazel & Chen, Shu & Hanewald, Katja & Li, Bingqin & Su, Min & Zhou, Zhongliang, 2023. "Quantifying the financial impact of overuse in primary care in China: A standardised patient study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    4. Godlonton, Susan & Okeke, Edward N., 2016. "Does a ban on informal health providers save lives? Evidence from Malawi," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 112-132.
    5. Fuhai Hong & Tanjim Hossain & John A. List & Migiwa Tanaka, 2013. "Testing the Theory of Multitasking: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment in Chinese Factories," CESifo Working Paper Series 4522, CESifo.
    6. Anja Sautmann & Samuel Brown & Mark Dean, 2016. "Subsidies, Information, and the Timing of Children's Health Care in Mali," CESifo Working Paper Series 6057, CESifo.
    7. Simons, Andrew M. & Beltramo, Theresa & Blalock, Garrick & Levine, David I., 2017. "Using Unobtrusive Sensors to Measure and Minimize Hawthorne Effects: Evidence from Cookstoves," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258029, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Jonah S. Goldberg, 2023. "What we measure when we measure the effects of user fees: a replication, reanalysis, and extension of Tanaka, 2014," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(4), pages 1981-2009, October.
    9. Esther Atukunda & Anne Fitzpatrick, 2015. "An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Drug Quality: Evidence from the Antimalarial Market in Uganda," Working Papers 2015_03, University of Massachusetts Boston, Economics Department.
    10. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2016. "Generosity and Prosocial Behavior in Healthcare Provision: Evidence from the Laboratory and Field," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(1), pages 133-162.
    11. Popova,Anna & Evans,David & Breeding,Mary E. & Arancibia,Violeta, 2018. "Teacher Professional Development around the World : The Gap between Evidence and Practice," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8572, The World Bank.
    12. Wilbroad Mutale & Peter Godfrey-Fausset & Margaret Tembo Mwanamwenge & Nkatya Kasese & Namwinga Chintu & Dina Balabanova & Neil Spicer & Helen Ayles, 2013. "Measuring Health System Strengthening: Application of the Balanced Scorecard Approach to Rank the Baseline Performance of Three Rural Districts in Zambia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-11, March.
    13. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylene & Cairns, John, 2022. "Can patients improve the quality of care they receive? Experimental evidence from Senegal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    14. Barbara McPake & Anthony Scott & Ijeoma Edoka, 2014. "Analyzing Markets for Health Workers : Insights from Labor and Health Economics," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18780.
    15. Kovacs, Roxanne & Lagarde, Mylene, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    16. Nicholas Wilson, 2015. "Can Disease-Specific Funding Harm Health? in the Shadow of HIV/AIDS Service Expansion," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(5), pages 1671-1700, October.
    17. Rudy Douven & Minke Remmerswaal & Robin Zoutenbier, 2015. "Do Extrinsically Motivated Mental Health Care Providers Have Better Treatment Outcomes?," CPB Discussion Paper 319, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    18. Lagarde, Mylène & Blaauw, Duane, 2022. "Overtreatment and benevolent provider moral hazard: Evidence from South African doctors," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    19. Lagarde, Mylène & Blaauw, Duane, 2022. "Overtreatment and benevolent provider moral hazard: evidence from South African doctors," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115383, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    20. Renfu Luo & Grant Miller & Scott Rozelle & Sean Sylvia & Marcos Vera-Hernández, 2015. "Can Bureaucrats Really Be Paid Like CEOs? School Administrator Incentives for Anemia Reduction in Rural China," NBER Working Papers 21302, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. Timothy Powell-Jackson & Jessica J C King & Christina Makungu & Matthew Quaife & Catherine Goodman, 2023. "Management Practices and Quality of Care: Evidence from the Private Health Care Sector in Tanzania," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 134(657), pages 436-456.
    22. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2012. "Generosity norms and intrinsic motivation in health care provision: evidence from the laboratory and the field," Working Papers 147, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    23. Liangfei Qiu & Subodha Kumar & Arun Sen & Atish P. Sinha, 2022. "Impact of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program on hospital readmission and mortality: An economic analysis," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(5), pages 2341-2360, May.
    24. Roland Cheo & Kainan Huang & Jingping Li, 2023. "Group cooperation of village officials in Chinese rural resettlement: A lab in the field," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(2), pages 388-407, April.

  10. Das, Jishnu & Hammer, Jeffrey & Leonard, Kenneth, 2008. "The quality of medical advice in low-income countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4501, The World Bank.

    Cited by:

    1. Paul Gertler & Christel Vermeersch, 2013. "Using Performance Incentives to Improve Medical Care Productivity and Health Outcomes," NBER Working Papers 19046, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Anup Malani & Phoebe Holtzman & Kosuke Imai & Cynthia Kinnan & Morgen Miller & Shailender Swaminathan & Alessandra Voena & Bartosz Woda & Gabriella Conti, 2021. "Effect of Health Insurance in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial," NBER Working Papers 29576, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Martina Bjorkman-Nyqvist & Jakob Savensson & David Yanagizawa-Drott, 2012. "Can Good Products Drive Out Bad? Evidence from Local Markets for (Fake?) Antimalarial Medicine in Uganda," CID Working Papers 242, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    4. World Bank, 2017. "Niger Service Delivery Indicators [Niger Indicateurs de prestation de services 2015 : Rapport technique sur la santé]," World Bank Publications - Reports 28472, The World Bank Group.
    5. Godlonton, Susan & Okeke, Edward N., 2016. "Does a ban on informal health providers save lives? Evidence from Malawi," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 112-132.
    6. Abate, Gashaw T. & Dereje, Mekdim & Hirvonen, Kalle & Minten, Bart, 2020. "Geography of public service delivery in rural Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    7. Leonard, David K. & Bloom, Gerald & Hanson, Kara & O’Farrell, Juan & Spicer, Neil, 2013. "Institutional Solutions to the Asymmetric Information Problem in Health and Development Services for the Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 71-87.
    8. Gatua, Josephine G., 2024. "Decentralization, social connections and primary health care: Evidence from Kenya," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    9. Christian Posso & Jorge Tamayo & Arlen Guarin & Estefania Saravia, 2024. "Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes," Borradores de Economia 1269, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    10. Mirza, Arshad & Singh, Nirvikar, 2018. "Mental Health Policy in India: Seven Sets of Questions and Some Answers," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt4wt3d272, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
    11. Tessa Bold & Jakob Svensson, 2013. "Policies and Institutions for Effective Service Delivery: The Need of a Microeconomic and Micropolitical Approach," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 22(suppl_2), pages -38, August.
    12. Cammett, Melani & Şaşmaz, Aytuğ, 2017. "Political Context, Organizational Mission, and the Quality of Social Services: Insights from the Health Sector in Lebanon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 120-132.
    13. Bauhoff,Sebastian Peter Alexander & Kandpal,Eeshani, 2021. "Information, Loss Framing, and Spillovers in Pay-for-Performance Contracts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9687, The World Bank.
    14. Cohen, Jessica & Saran, Indrani, 2018. "The impact of packaging and messaging on adherence to malaria treatment: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Uganda," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 68-95.
    15. Kimberly Singer Babiarz & Hongmei Yi & Renfu Luo, 2013. "Meeting the Health-care Needs of the Rural Elderly: The Unique Role of Village Doctors," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 21(3), pages 44-60, May.
    16. Barik, Debasis & Desai, Sonalde, 2014. "Determinants of private healthcare utilisation and expenditure patterns in India," MPRA Paper 77220, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Zemzem Shigute & Anagaw D. Mebratie & Robert Sparrow & Getnet Alemu & Arjun S. Bedi, 2020. "The Effect of Ethiopia’s Community-Based Health Insurance Scheme on Revenues and Quality of Care," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-17, November.
    18. Fitzpatrick, Anne, 2022. "The impact of public health sector stockouts on private sector prices and access to healthcare: Evidence from the anti-malarial drug market," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    19. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    20. Jessica Cohen & Pascaline Dupas & Simone G. Schaner, 2012. "Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," NBER Working Papers 17943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    21. Coffey, Diane & Spears, Dean, 2019. "Neonatal Death in India: Birth Order in a Context of Maternal Undernutrition," IZA Discussion Papers 12288, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    22. Simons, Andrew M. & Beltramo, Theresa & Blalock, Garrick & Levine, David I., 2017. "Using Unobtrusive Sensors to Measure and Minimize Hawthorne Effects: Evidence from Cookstoves," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258029, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    23. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2018. "Giving and promising gifts: Experimental evidence on reciprocity from the field," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 188-201.
    24. Jeffrey S. Hammer, 2013. "Balancing Market and Government Failure in Service Delivery," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 18(Special E), pages 1-19, September.
    25. Sonalde Desai & Lijuan Wu, 2010. "Structured Inequalities—Factors Associated with Spatial Disparities in Maternity Care in India," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 4(3), pages 293-319, August.
    26. Martinez, Sebastian & Bernal, Pedro, 2018. "In-Kind Incentives and Health Worker Performance: Experimental Evidence from El Salvador," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 45, Inter-American Development Bank.
    27. Malani, Anup & Kinnan, Cynthia & Conti, Gabriella & Imai, Kosuke & Miller, Morgen & Swaminathan, Shailender & Voena, Alessandra & Woda, Bartek, 2024. "Evaluating and Pricing Health Insurance in Lower-Income Countries: A Field Experiment in India," IZA Discussion Papers 16861, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    28. Powell-Jackson, Timothy & Mazumdar, Sumit & Mills, Anne, 2015. "Financial incentives in health: New evidence from India's Janani Suraksha Yojana," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 154-169.
    29. Rebecca Dizon-Ross & Pascaline Dupas & Jonathan Robinson, 2015. "Governance and the Effectiveness of Public Health Subsidies," NBER Working Papers 21324, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    30. Prateek Arora & Nirvikar Singh & Abhijit Visaria, 2023. "Healthcare Costs, Choice of Providers and Patient Satisfaction: Survey Evidence from India," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 21(3), pages 593-616, September.
    31. Felipe A. Dunsch & David K. Evans & Ezinne Eze-Ajoku & Mario Macis, 2017. "Management, Supervision, and Health Care: A Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 23749, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    32. Beegle, Kathleen & Himelein, Kristen & Ravallion, Martin, 2012. "Frame-of-reference bias in subjective welfare," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 81(2), pages 556-570.
    33. Gonzalez, Paula & Montes-Rojas, Gabriel V. & Pal, Sarmistha, 2017. "Dual Practice by Health Workers: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia," IZA Discussion Papers 11038, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    34. Dizon-Ross, Rebecca & Dupas, Pascaline & Robinson, Jonathan, 2017. "Governance and the effectiveness of public health subsidies: Evidence from Ghana, Kenya and Uganda," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 150-169.
    35. Alok Bhargava, 2015. "Diet Quality, Child Health, and Food Policies in Developing Countries," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 247-276.
    36. Lange, Simon & Klasen, Stephan, 2017. "How the New International Goal for Child Mortality is Unfair to Sub-Saharan Africa (Again)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 128-146.
    37. Jishnu Das, 2011. "The Quality of Medical Care in Low-Income Countries: From Providers to Markets," Working Papers id:3955, eSocialSciences.
    38. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    39. World Bank, 2012. "Service Delivery Indicators : Senegal," World Bank Publications - Reports 20125, The World Bank Group.
    40. Carolina Lopez & Anja Sautmann & Simone Schaner, 2018. "The Contribution of Patients and Providers to the Overuse of Prescription Drugs," NBER Working Papers 25284, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    41. Arrieta, Alejandro & García Prado, Ariadna & Guillén, Jorge, 2009. "The Private Health Care Sector and the Provision of Prenatal Care Services in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2554, Inter-American Development Bank.
    42. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylène, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113759, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    43. Joanne Yoong & Nicholas Burger & Connor Spreng & Neeraj Sood, 2010. "Private Sector Participation and Health System Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-9, October.
    44. Achyuta Adhvaryu & Anant Nyshadham, 2011. "Healthcare Choices, Information and Health Outcomes," Working Papers 994, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
    45. Haseeb Ahmed & Benjamin W. Cowan, 2019. "Mobile Money and Healthcare Use: Evidence from East Africa," NBER Working Papers 25669, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    46. Austin, Kelly F. & DeScisciolo, Cristina & Samuelsen, Lene, 2016. "The Failures of Privatization: A Comparative Investigation of Tuberculosis Rates and the Structure of Healthcare in Less-Developed Nations, 1995–2010," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 450-460.
    47. Sautmann,Anja & Brown,Samuel & Kline,Dean Mark, 2020. "Subsidies, Information, and the Timing of Children’s Health Care in Mali," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9486, The World Bank.
    48. Kovacs, Roxanne & Lagarde, Mylene, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    49. Dhaliwal, Iqbal & Hanna, Rema, 2017. "The devil is in the details: The successes and limitations of bureaucratic reform in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-21.
    50. Nicholas E Burger & Daniel Kopf & Connor P Spreng & Joanne Yoong & Neeraj Sood, 2012. "Healthy Firms: Constraints to Growth among Private Health Sector Facilities in Ghana and Kenya," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(2), pages 1-9, February.
    51. Bernal Lobato, N., 2014. "Essays in applied microeconomics," Other publications TiSEM 9b638b3d-2f83-452a-b2c8-c, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    52. Aggarwal, Shilpa, 2021. "The long road to health: Healthcare utilization impacts of a road pavement policy in rural India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    53. Grant Miller & Kimberly Singer Babiarz, 2013. "Pay-for-Performance Incentives in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Programs," NBER Working Papers 18932, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    54. Nikkil Sudharsanan, 2019. "The Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Adult Mortality in a Developing Country: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Survey of Indonesian Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 74(3), pages 484-495.
    55. Edward N. Okeke & Amalavoyal V. Chari, 2015. "Can Institutional Deliveries Reduce Newborn Mortality? Evidence from Rwanda," Working Papers WR-1072, RAND Corporation.
    56. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2009. "Overworked? The relationship between workload and health worker performance in rural Tanzania," Working Papers in Economics 02/09, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    57. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2010. "Overworked? On the relationship between workload and health worker performance," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 686-698, September.
    58. Carmen S. Christian & Ulf-G. Gerdtham & Dumisani Hompashe & Anja Smith & Ronelle Burger, 2018. "Measuring Quality Gaps in TB Screening in South Africa Using Standardised Patient Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-10, April.
    59. Wagner, N. & Rieger, M. & Bedi, A.S. & Hout, W., 2016. "Are women better police officers? Evidence from survey experiments in Uganda," ISS Working Papers - General Series 615, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam (ISS), The Hague.
    60. Zachary Wagner & Somalee Banerjee & Manoj Mohanan & Neeraj Sood, 2023. "Does the market reward quality? Evidence from India," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 467-505, September.
    61. Kjell Hausken & Mthuli Ncube, 2018. "Service Delivery versus Moonlighting: Using Data from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Senegal," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 219-232, June.
    62. Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay & Hanson, Kara & Mbacham, Wilfred & Onwujekwe, Obinna & Wiseman, Virginia, 2014. "What determines providers' stated preference for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 98-106.
    63. Kjell Hausken & Mthuli Ncube, 2013. "Working Paper 172 - Political Economy of Service Delivery: Monitoring versus Contestation," Working Paper Series 468, African Development Bank.
    64. Surana, Mitul & Dongre, Ambrish, 2018. "Too much care? Private health care sector and surgical interventions during childbirth in India," IIMA Working Papers WP 2018-11-01, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    65. Gertler, Paul & Vermeersch, Christel, 2012. "Using performance incentives to improve health outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6100, The World Bank.
    66. Bernal, Noelia & Carpio, Miguel A. & Klein, Tobias J., 2017. "The effects of access to health insurance: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design in Peru," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 122-136.
    67. Ahmed, Haseeb & Cowan, Benjamin, 2021. "Mobile money and healthcare use: Evidence from East Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    68. Fiszbein, Ariel & Ringold, Dena & Rogers, F. Halsey, 2011. "Making services work : indicators, assessments, and benchmarking of the quality and governance of public service delivery in the human development sectors," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5690, The World Bank.
    69. Kjell Hausken & Mthuli Ncube, 2014. "Political Economy of Service Delivery: Monitoring Versus Contestation," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 52(1), pages 68-84, March.
    70. Karlan, Dean & Morduch, Jonathan, 2010. "Access to Finance," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Dani Rodrik & Mark Rosenzweig (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 0, pages 4703-4784, Elsevier.
    71. Barik, Debasis & Thorat, Amit, 2015. "Issues of unequal access to public health in India," MPRA Paper 77224, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    72. Noor Ashikin & Mohd Rom & Zuriah Abdul Rahman, 2012. "Financial Protection for the Poor in Malaysia: Role of Zakāh and Micro-takaful الحماية المالية للفقراء في ماليزيا: دور الزكاة والتكافل المصغّر," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 25(1), pages 119-140, January.
    73. Haenssgen, Marco J. & Ariana, Proochista, 2017. "The Social Implications of Technology Diffusion: Uncovering the Unintended Consequences of People’s Health-Related Mobile Phone Use in Rural India and China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 286-304.
    74. World Bank Group, 2015. "Health Service Delivery in Tanzania," World Bank Publications - Reports 24796, The World Bank Group.
    75. Adhvaryu, Achyuta & Nyshadham, Anant, 2017. "Health, Enterprise, and Labor Complementarity in the Household," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 91-111.
    76. Gebeyaw Biset Wagaw & Abay Woday Tadesse & Getahun Yeshiwas Ambaye, 2022. "Willingness to join community based health insurance among households in South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-15, February.
    77. World Bank, 2012. "Service Delivery Indicators : Tanzania," World Bank Publications - Reports 20126, The World Bank Group.
    78. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2012. "Generosity norms and intrinsic motivation in health care provision: evidence from the laboratory and the field," Working Papers 147, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    79. Das, Jishnu & Daniels, Benjamin & Ashok, Monisha & Shim, Eun-Young & Muralidharan, Karthik, 2022. "Two Indias: The structure of primary health care markets in rural Indian villages with implications for policy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    80. Bold, Tessa & Gauthier, Bernard & Svensson, Jakob & Wane, Waly, 2010. "Delivering service indicators in education and health in Africa : a proposal," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5327, The World Bank.
    81. Das, Veena & Daniels, Benjamin & Kwan, Ada & Saria, Vaibhav & Das, Ranendra & Pai, Madhukar & Das, Jishnu, 2022. "Simulated patients and their reality: An inquiry into theory and method," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    82. Friedman, Willa & Keats, Anthony & Mutua, Martin Kavao, 2022. "Disruptions to healthcare quality and early child health outcomes: Evidence from health-worker strikes in Kenya," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).

  11. Kenneth Leonard & Melkiory Masatu, 2007. "Moving from the lab to the field: Exploring scrutiny and duration effects in lab experiments," Natural Field Experiments 00293, The Field Experiments Website.

    Cited by:

    1. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2016. "Generosity and Prosocial Behavior in Healthcare Provision: Evidence from the Laboratory and Field," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(1), pages 133-162.
    2. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    3. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Professionalism, Latent Professionalism and Organizational Demands for Health Care Quality in a Developing Country," Working Papers 42883, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    4. Bold, Tessa & Gauthier, Bernard & Svensson, Jakob & Wane, Waly, 2010. "Delivering service indicators in education and health in Africa : a proposal," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5327, The World Bank.

  12. Kenneth Leonard & Joshua Graff Zivin, 2003. "Outcome Versus Service Based Payment in Health Care: Lessons from African Traditional Healers," NBER Working Papers 9797, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

    Cited by:

    1. Habtom, G., 2006. "Health Care Governance in Developing Countries : The Case of Eritrea," Other publications TiSEM 289e6243-bb73-4d66-a6a1-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Leonard, Kenneth L, 2007. "Learning in Health Care: Evidence of Learning about Clinician Quality in Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 55(3), pages 531-555, April.
    3. Udo Schneider, 2005. "Asymmetric Information and Outcome-based Compensation in Health Care – Theoretical Implications," HEW 0501006, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    5. Sato, Azusa, 2012. "Does socio-economic status explain use of modern and traditional health care services?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(8), pages 1450-1459.
    6. Azusa Sato & Joan Costa-Font, 2014. "The Hedonic Procedural Effect of Traditional Medicines," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 15(5), pages 1061-1084, October.
    7. Lucia Corno, 2014. "Learning (or Not) in Health-Seeking Behavior: Evidence from Rural Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(1), pages 27-72.

Articles

  1. Flory, Jeffrey A. & Gneezy, Uri & Leonard, Kenneth L. & List, John A., 2018. "Gender, age, and competition: A disappearing gap?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 256-276.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2018. "Giving and promising gifts: Experimental evidence on reciprocity from the field," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 188-201.

    Cited by:

    1. Mark E. McGovern & Kobus Herbst & Frank Tanser & Tinofa Mutevedzi & David Canning & Dickman Gareta & Deenan Pillay & Till Bärnighausen, 2016. "Do Gifts Increase Consent to Home-based HIV Testing? A Difference-in-Differences Study in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa," CHaRMS Working Papers 16-05, Centre for HeAlth Research at the Management School (CHaRMS).
    2. Serhiy Kandul & Bruno Lanz & Evert Reins, 2020. "Reciprocity and gift exchange in markets for credence goods," IRENE Working Papers 20-09, IRENE Institute of Economic Research.
    3. Christiane Bradler & Susanne Neckermann, 2016. "The Magic of the Personal Touch: Field Experimental Evidence on Money and Appreciation as Gifts," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 16-045/VII, Tinbergen Institute.
    4. Bauhoff,Sebastian Peter Alexander & Kandpal,Eeshani, 2021. "Information, Loss Framing, and Spillovers in Pay-for-Performance Contracts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9687, The World Bank.
    5. Okeke, Edward N., 2022. "Playing defense? Health care in the era of Covid," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Ding, Hui & Chen, Yiwei & Yu, Min & Zhong, Jieming & Hu, Ruying & Chen, Xiangyu & Wang, Chunmei & Xie, Kaixu & Eggleston, Karen, 2021. "The Effects of Chronic Disease Management in Primary Health Care: Evidence from Rural China," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    7. Bradler, Christiane & Neckermann, Susanne, 2016. "The magic of the personal touch: Field experimental evidence on money appreciation as gifts," ZEW Discussion Papers 16-043, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

  3. Kathryn N. Vasilaky & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2018. "As Good as the Networks They Keep? Improving Outcomes through Weak Ties in Rural Uganda," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(4), pages 755-792.

    Cited by:

    1. Fujin Yi & Richard T. Gudaj & Valeria Arefieva & Renata Yanbykh & Svetlana Mishchuk & Tatiana A. Potenko & Jiayi Zhou & Ivan Zuenko, 2020. "Chinese Technology Transfer to Local Farmers in the Russian Far East," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 79(5), pages 1483-1509, November.
    2. Li, Xianmei & Yu, Guoxin & Wen, Liping & Liu, Guoyong, 2023. "Research on the effect of agricultural science and technology service supply from the perspective of farmers' differentiation," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 2(3).
    3. Nguyen Huy, Tung, 2023. "Fostering sustainable land management in sub-Saharan Africa : Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso," Other publications TiSEM 850a17c1-77ce-468e-9676-9, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    4. Bandiera, Oriana & Burgess, Robin & Deserranno, Erika & Morel, Ricardo & Sulaiman, Munshi & Rasul, Imran, 2023. "Social incentives, delivery agents, and the effectiveness of development interventions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 117653, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Baul, Tushi & Karlan, Dean & Toyama, Kentaro & Vasilaky, Kathryn, 2024. "Improving smallholder agriculture via video-based group extension," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    6. David Sedik & Fujin Yi & Richard T. Gudaj, 2020. "Implications of Chinese Farmers in the Russian Far East," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 79(5), pages 1615-1622, November.
    7. Kazushi Takahashi & Rie Muraoka & Keijiro Otsuka, 2019. "Technology Adoption, Impact, and Extension in Developing Countries' Agriculture: A Review of the Recent Literature," Working Papers 196, JICA Research Institute.
    8. Stephen F. Hamilton & Timothy J. Richards & Aric P. Shafran & Kathryn N. Vasilaky, 2022. "Farm labor productivity and the impact of mechanization," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(4), pages 1435-1459, August.
    9. D’Exelle, Ben & Munro, Alistair & Verschoor, Arjan, 2024. "Agricultural investment behaviour and contingency: Experimental evidence from Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    10. Alem, Yonas & Dugoua, Eugenie, 2021. "Learning from unincentivized and incentivized communication: A randomized controlled trial in India," Ruhr Economic Papers 895, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    11. de Milliano, Marlous & Barrington, Clare & Angeles, Gustavo & Gbedemah, Christiana, 2021. "Crowding-out or crowding-in? Effects of LEAP 1000 unconditional cash transfer program on household and community support among women in rural Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    12. Adjognon,Guigonan Serge & Nguyen Huy,Tung & Guthoff,Jonas Christoph & van Soest,Daan, 2022. "Incentivizing Social Learning for the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agricultural Techniques," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10041, The World Bank.
    13. D’Exelle, Ben & Verschoor, Arjan, 2023. "Village networks and entrepreneurial farming in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    14. Ruth Hill & Carolina Mejia-Mantilla & Kathryn Vasilaky, 2021. "Is the Price Right? Returns to Input Adoption in Uganda," Working Papers 2105, California Polytechnic State University, Department of Economics.
    15. Alem, Yonas & Dugoua, Eugenie, 2022. "Learning from unincentivized and incentivized communication: a randomized controlled trial in India," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 110858, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    16. Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia, 2019. "Information exchange links, knowledge exposure, and adoption of agricultural technologies in northern Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 94-106.

  4. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2016. "Generosity and Prosocial Behavior in Healthcare Provision: Evidence from the Laboratory and Field," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(1), pages 133-162.

    Cited by:

    1. Brosig-Koch, Jeannette & Hennig-Schmidt, Heike & Kairies-Schwarz, Nadja & Kokot, Johanna & Wiesen, Daniel, 2024. "A new look at physicians’ responses to financial incentives: Quality of care, practice characteristics, and motivations," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    2. Leaver,Clare & Ozier,Owen & Serneels,Pieter Maria & Zeitlin,Andrew, 2020. "Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants : Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9395, The World Bank.
    3. Brändle, Tobias & Grunau, Philipp & Haylock, Michael & Kampkötter, Patrick, 2020. "Recruitment strategies and match quality - New evidence from representative linked employer-employee data," University of Tübingen Working Papers in Business and Economics 134, University of Tuebingen, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, School of Business and Economics.
    4. Ge, Ge & Cheo, Roland & Liu, Rugang & Wang, Jian & Wang, Qiqi, 2023. "Physician beneficence and profit-taking among private for profit clinics in China: A field study using a mystery shopper audit," HERO Online Working Paper Series 2023:6, University of Oslo, Health Economics Research Programme.
    5. Aker, Jenny C. & Ksoll, Christopher, 2019. "Call me educated: Evidence from a mobile phone experiment in Niger✰," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 239-257.
    6. Damien Besancenot & Radu Vranceanu, 2020. "Profession and deception: Experimental evidence on lying behavior among business and medical students," Working Papers hal-02937998, HAL.
    7. Atehortua, S & Rodríguez-Valencia, A, 2021. "Physician s Allocation Preferences under Scarcity and Uncertainty," Documentos de Trabajo 19665, Universidad del Rosario.
    8. Fullard, Joshua, 2022. "An information intervention and consent to data linkage: experimental evidence from teaching," ISER Working Paper Series 2022-01, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    9. Cheo, Roland & Ge, Ge & Liu, Rugang & Wang, Jian & Wang, Qiqi, 2023. "Physician beneficence and profit-taking among private for-profit clinics in China: A field study using a mystery shopper audit," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    10. Mbiti, Isaac M. & Serra, Danila, 2018. "Health Workers' Behavior, Patient Reporting and Reputational Concerns: Lab-in-the-Field Experimental Evidence from Kenya," IZA Discussion Papers 11352, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    11. Duchoslav, Jan & Cecchi, Francesco, 2019. "Do incentives matter when working for god? The impact of performance-based financing on faith-based healthcare in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 309-319.
    12. Wilson, Nicholas, 2018. "Altruism in preventive health behavior: At-scale evidence from the HIV/AIDS pandemic," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 119-129.
    13. Kampkötter, Patrick & Petters, Lea & Sliwka, Dirk, 2020. "Employee Identification and Wages: On the Economics of "Affective Commitment"," IZA Discussion Papers 13624, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Rodriguez, Jenny K. & Procter, Stephen & Perez Arrau, Gregorio, 2023. "Reconfigured professional purpose in times of crisis: Experiences of frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    15. Finocchiaro Castro, Massimo & Guccio, Calogero & Romeo, Domenica, 2022. "A systematic literature review of 10 years of behavioral research on health services," EconStor Preprints 266248, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    16. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2017. "Changing health care provider performance through measurement," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 54-65.
    17. Gauri, Varun & Jamison, Julian C. & Mazar, Nina & Ozier, Owen, 2021. "Motivating bureaucrats through social recognition: External validity—A tale of two states," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 117-131.
    18. Gauri, Varun & Jamison, Julian C. & Mazar, Nina & Ozier, Owen, 2019. "Motivating Bureaucrats through Social Recognition: External Validity — A Tale of Two States," IZA Discussion Papers 12251, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

  5. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2015. "Esteem and social information: On determinants of prosocial behavior of clinicians in Tanzania," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 85-94.

    Cited by:

    1. Dizon-Ross, Rebecca & Dupas, Pascaline & Robinson, Jonathan, 2017. "Governance and the effectiveness of public health subsidies: Evidence from Ghana, Kenya and Uganda," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 150-169.
    2. Mbiti, Isaac M. & Serra, Danila, 2018. "Health Workers' Behavior, Patient Reporting and Reputational Concerns: Lab-in-the-Field Experimental Evidence from Kenya," IZA Discussion Papers 11352, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

  6. Kenneth L. Leonard & Melkiory C. Masatu, 2010. "Professionalism and the know‐do gap: exploring intrinsic motivation among health workers in Tanzania," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 19(12), pages 1461-1477, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Si, Yafei & Bateman, Hazel & Chen, Shu & Hanewald, Katja & Li, Bingqin & Su, Min & Zhou, Zhongliang, 2023. "Quantifying the financial impact of overuse in primary care in China: A standardised patient study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    2. Bauhoff,Sebastian Peter Alexander & Kandpal,Eeshani, 2021. "Information, Loss Framing, and Spillovers in Pay-for-Performance Contracts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9687, The World Bank.
    3. Gil Shapira & Ina Kalisa & Jeanine Condo & James Humuza & Cathy Mugeni & Denis Nkunda & Jeanette Walldorf, 2018. "Going beyond incentivizing formal health providers: Evidence from the Rwanda Community Performance‐Based Financing program," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(12), pages 2087-2106, December.
    4. Caryl Feldacker & Sergio Chicumbe & Martinho Dgedge & Gerito Augusto & Freide Cesar & Molly Robertson & Francisco Mbofana & Gabrielle O'Malley, 2014. "Mid-Level Healthcare Personnel Training: An Evaluation of the Revised, Nationally-Standardized, Pre-Service Curriculum for Clinical Officers in Mozambique," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-9, July.
    5. Lohmann, Julia & Houlfort, Nathalie & De Allegri, Manuela, 2016. "Crowding out or no crowding out? A Self-Determination Theory approach to health worker motivation in performance-based financing," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1-8.
    6. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2015. "Esteem and social information: On determinants of prosocial behavior of clinicians in Tanzania," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 85-94.
    7. Okeke, Edward N., 2022. "Playing defense? Health care in the era of Covid," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    8. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylene & Cairns, John, 2022. "Can patients improve the quality of care they receive? Experimental evidence from Senegal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    9. Duchoslav, Jan & Cecchi, Francesco, 2019. "Do incentives matter when working for god? The impact of performance-based financing on faith-based healthcare in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 309-319.
    10. Anna D Gage & Margaret E Kruk & Tsinuel Girma & Ephrem T Lemango, 2018. "The know-do gap in sick child care in Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, December.
    11. Wilson, Nicholas, 2018. "Altruism in preventive health behavior: At-scale evidence from the HIV/AIDS pandemic," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 119-129.
    12. Elnakib, Shatha & Elaraby, Sarah & Othman, Fouad & BaSaleem, Huda & Abdulghani AlShawafi, Nagiba A. & Saleh Al-Gawfi, Iman Ahmed & Shafique, Fouzia & Al-Kubati, Eman & Rafique, Nuzhat & Tappis, Hannah, 2021. "Providing care under extreme adversity: The impact of the Yemen conflict on the personal and professional lives of health workers," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    13. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylène, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113759, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    14. Bonfrer, Igna & Van de Poel, Ellen & Van Doorslaer, Eddy, 2014. "The effects of performance incentives on the utilization and quality of maternal and child care in Burundi," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 96-104.
    15. Andrew McNee, 2012. "Illuminating the local: can non-formal institutions be complementary to health system development in Papua New Guinea?," Development Policy Centre Discussion Papers 1215, Development Policy Centre, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    16. Martin Chalkley & Andrew J. Mirelman & Luigi Siciliani & Marc Suhrcke & Peter Berman, 2020. "Paying for Performance for Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Economic Perspective," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Paul Revill & Marc Suhrcke & Rodrigo Moreno-Serra & Mark Sculpher (ed.), Global Health Economics Shaping Health Policy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, chapter 6, pages 157-190, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    17. Kovacs, Roxanne & Lagarde, Mylene, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    18. Scheil-Adlung, Xenia., 2015. "Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection : new data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries," ILO Working Papers 994876213402676, International Labour Organization.
    19. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2017. "Changing health care provider performance through measurement," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 54-65.
    20. Cerrone Claudia & Manna Ester, 2018. "Pay for Performance with Motivated Employees," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 18(1), pages 1-8, January.
    21. Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay & Hanson, Kara & Mbacham, Wilfred & Onwujekwe, Obinna & Wiseman, Virginia, 2014. "What determines providers' stated preference for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 98-106.
    22. Pedersen, Line Bjørnskov & Andersen, Merethe Kirstine Kousgaard & Jensen, Ulrich Thy & Waldorff, Frans Boch & Jacobsen, Christian Bøtcher, 2018. "Can external interventions crowd in intrinsic motivation? A cluster randomised field experiment on mandatory accreditation of general practice in Denmark," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 224-233.
    23. Rao, Krishna D. & Sheffel, Ashley, 2018. "Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 80-88.
    24. Brekke, Kurt R. & Siciliani, Luigi & Straume, Odd Rune, 2012. "Quality competition with profit constraints," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 642-659.
    25. Brekke, Kurt R. & Siciliani, Luigi & Straume, Odd Rune, 2014. "Hospital Mergers with Regulated Prices," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 21/2014, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
    26. Aaron Baugh & Reginald F. Baugh, 2020. "Assessment of Diversity Outcomes in American Medical School Admissions: Applying the Grutter Legitimacy Principles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.

  7. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2010. "Using the Hawthorne effect to examine the gap between a doctor's best possible practice and actual performance," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 226-234, November.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  8. Uri Gneezy & Kenneth L. Leonard & John A. List, 2009. "Gender Differences in Competition: Evidence From a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(5), pages 1637-1664, September.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Leonard, David K. & Bloom, Gerald & Hanson, Kara & O’Farrell, Juan & Spicer, Neil, 2013. "Institutional Solutions to the Asymmetric Information Problem in Health and Development Services for the Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 71-87.
    2. Jessica Cohen & Pascaline Dupas & Simone G. Schaner, 2012. "Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," NBER Working Papers 17943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

  10. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy, 2009. "Idle chatter or learning? Evidence of social learning about clinicians and the health system from rural Tanzania," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 183-190, July.

    Cited by:

    1. Ison, Ray & Blackmore, Chris & Iaquinto, Benjamin L., 2013. "Towards systemic and adaptive governance: Exploring the revealing and concealing aspects of contemporary social-learning metaphors," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 34-42.
    2. ILes, Richard, 2017. "Government Doctor Absenteeism And Its Effects On Consumer Demand In Rural North India," Working Papers 2018-9, School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University, revised 12 2018.
    3. Richard A. Iles, 2019. "Government doctor absenteeism and its effects on consumer demand in rural north India," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 475-491, April.
    4. Kruk, Margaret E. & Rockers, Peter C. & Mbaruku, Godfrey & Paczkowski, Magdalena M. & Galea, Sandro, 2010. "Community and health system factors associated with facility delivery in rural Tanzania: A multilevel analysis," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(2-3), pages 209-216, October.
    5. Michael Richards, 2012. "Using the economics of certification to improve the safety and quality of male circumcision in developing countries," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 77-85, March.
    6. Palmer, Jennifer J. & Kelly, Ann H. & Surur, Elizeous I. & Checchi, Francesco & Jones, Caroline, 2014. "Changing landscapes, changing practice: Negotiating access to sleeping sickness services in a post-conflict society," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 396-404.

  11. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Is patient satisfaction sensitive to changes in the quality of care? An exploitation of the Hawthorne effect," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 444-459, March.

    Cited by:

    1. David K. Evans & Anna Welander Tärneberg, 2018. "Health‐care quality and information failure: Evidence from Nigeria," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 90-93, March.
    2. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    3. Fuhai Hong & Tanjim Hossain & John A. List & Migiwa Tanaka, 2013. "Testing the Theory of Multitasking: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment in Chinese Factories," CESifo Working Paper Series 4522, CESifo.
    4. Pérotin, Virginie & Zamora, Bernarda & Reeves, Rachel & Bartlett, Will & Allen, Pauline, 2013. "Does hospital ownership affect patient experience? An investigation into public–private sector differences in England," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 633-646.
    5. Joan Costa-i-Font & Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2017. "Can Regional Decentralisation Shift Health Care Preferences?," CESifo Working Paper Series 6779, CESifo.
    6. Joshua B. Gilbert & Zachary Himmelsbach & James Soland & Mridul Joshi & Benjamin W. Domingue, 2024. "Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects with Item-Level Outcome Data: Insights from Item Response Theory," Papers 2405.00161, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.
    7. World Bank & Oxford Policy Management, 2015. "Health Worker Survey in Timor-Leste," World Bank Publications - Reports 23879, The World Bank Group.
    8. Gauthier, Bernard & Wane, Waly, 2008. "Bypassing health providers : the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4462, The World Bank.
    9. Simons, Andrew M. & Beltramo, Theresa & Blalock, Garrick & Levine, David I., 2017. "Using Unobtrusive Sensors to Measure and Minimize Hawthorne Effects: Evidence from Cookstoves," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258029, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Ferreira, Diogo Cunha & Marques, Rui Cunha & Nunes, Alexandre Morais & Figueira, José Rui, 2021. "Customers satisfaction in pediatric inpatient services: A multiple criteria satisfaction analysis," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    11. Tracey, Marlon R. & Polachek, Solomon, 2017. "If Looks Could Heal: Child Health and Paternal Investment," IZA Discussion Papers 10866, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Felipe A. Dunsch & David K. Evans & Ezinne Eze-Ajoku & Mario Macis, 2017. "Management, Supervision, and Health Care: A Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 23749, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Popova,Anna & Evans,David & Breeding,Mary E. & Arancibia,Violeta, 2018. "Teacher Professional Development around the World : The Gap between Evidence and Practice," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8572, The World Bank.
    14. Joanna N. Lahey & Douglas R. Oxley, 2021. "Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from an Eye‐Tracking Experiment," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(4), pages 1083-1119, September.
    15. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    16. Hansen, Fredrik & Anell, Anders & Gerdtham, Ulf-G & Lyttkens, Carl Hampus, 2013. "The Future of Health Economics: The Potential of Behavioral and Experimental Economics," Working Papers 2013:20, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    17. Duchoslav, Jan & Cecchi, Francesco, 2019. "Do incentives matter when working for god? The impact of performance-based financing on faith-based healthcare in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 309-319.
    18. Costa-Font, J. & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A., 2021. "Does Devolution Alter the Choice of Public versus Private Health Care?," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 21/16, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    19. Eduardo Fe & Timothy Powell‐Jackson & Winnie Yip, 2017. "Doctor Competence and the Demand for Healthcare: Evidence from Rural China," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(10), pages 1177-1190, October.
    20. Ferreira, D.C. & Marques, R.C. & Nunes, A.M. & Figueira, J.R., 2018. "Patients’ satisfaction: The medical appointments valence in Portuguese public hospitals," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 58-76.
    21. Glick, Peter, 2009. "How reliable are surveys of client satisfaction with healthcare services? Evidence from matched facility and household data in Madagascar," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 368-379, January.
    22. Joan Costa-Font & Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2019. "Regional Decentralisation and the Demand for Public Health Care," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2019-41, FEDEA.
    23. Shimaa Elkomy & Zahra Murad & Veronica Veleanu, 2018. "Does Leadership Matter for Healthcare Service Quality? Evidence from NHS England," Working Papers in Economics & Finance 2018-08, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth Business School, Economics and Finance Subject Group.

  12. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "AJAE appendix for ‘Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania’," American Journal of Agricultural Economics APPENDICES, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 91(2), pages 1-5, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Bell , Clive & van Dillen , Susanne, 2015. "On the Way to Good Health? Rural Roads and Morbidity in Upland Orissa," Working Papers 0602, University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics.
    2. Clive Bell & Susanne van Dillen, 2014. "How Does India’s Rural Roads Program Affect the Grassroots? Findings from a Survey in Upland Orissa," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 90(2), pages 372-394.
    3. Simone Peart Boyce & Andrés A. Berruti & Helen Connolly & Miriam Schneidman, 2015. "Evaluating the Economic and Health Impacts of Investing in Laboratories in East Africa: Development and Application of a Conceptual Framework," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 97386, The World Bank.

  13. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Moving from the lab to the field: Exploring scrutiny and duration effects in lab experiments," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 284-287, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  14. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  15. Leonard, Kenneth L, 2007. "Learning in Health Care: Evidence of Learning about Clinician Quality in Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 55(3), pages 531-555, April.

    Cited by:

    1. Sandra G. Sosa-Rubi & Omar Galarraga & Jeffrey E. Harris, 2007. "Heterogeneous Impact of the "Seguro Popular" Program on the Utilization of Obstetrical Services in Mexico, 2001-2006: A Multinomial Probit Model with a Discrete Endogenous Variable," NBER Working Papers 13498, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Leonard, David K. & Bloom, Gerald & Hanson, Kara & O’Farrell, Juan & Spicer, Neil, 2013. "Institutional Solutions to the Asymmetric Information Problem in Health and Development Services for the Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 71-87.
    3. Lay, Jann, 2010. "MDG achievements, determinants and resource needs : what has been learnt ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5320, The World Bank.
    4. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    5. Jessica Cohen & Pascaline Dupas & Simone G. Schaner, 2012. "Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," NBER Working Papers 17943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Gauthier, Bernard & Wane, Waly, 2008. "Bypassing health providers : the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4462, The World Bank.
    7. Adelman, Sarah, 2013. "Keep your friends close: The effect of local social networks on child human capital outcomes," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 284-298.
    8. Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy M. & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Idle Chatter or Learning? Evidence from Rural Tanzania of Social Learning about Clinicians and the Health System," Working Papers 42884, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    9. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Is patient satisfaction sensitive to changes in the quality of care? An exploitation of the Hawthorne effect," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 444-459, March.
    10. Achyuta Adhvaryu & Anant Nyshadham, 2011. "Healthcare Choices, Information and Health Outcomes," Working Papers 994, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
    11. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy, 2009. "Idle chatter or learning? Evidence of social learning about clinicians and the health system from rural Tanzania," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 183-190, July.
    12. Andrew McNee, 2012. "Illuminating the local: can non-formal institutions be complementary to health system development in Papua New Guinea?," Development Policy Centre Discussion Papers 1215, Development Policy Centre, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    13. Aggarwal, Shilpa, 2021. "The long road to health: Healthcare utilization impacts of a road pavement policy in rural India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    14. Bloom, Gerald & Standing, Hilary & Lloyd, Robert, 2008. "Markets, information asymmetry and health care: Towards new social contracts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(10), pages 2076-2087, May.
    15. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    16. Ziegler Andreas, 2010. "Z-Tests in Multinomial Probit Models under Simulated Maximum Likelihood Estimation: Some Small Sample Properties," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 230(5), pages 630-652, October.
    17. Jacqueline Fiore, 2017. "The Impact of Subsidized Antimalarials on Treatment Seeking Behavior," Working Papers 1717, Tulane University, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2018.

  16. Heather Klemick & Kenneth L. Leonard & Melkiory C. Masatu, 2007. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 91(2), pages 347-358.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  17. Kenneth L. Leonard & Melkiory C. Masatu & Alexandre Vialou, 2007. "Getting Doctors to Do Their Best: The Roles of Ability and Motivation in Health Care Quality," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 42(3).

    Cited by:

    1. Das, Jishnu & Hammer, Jeffrey & Sanchez-Paramo, Carolina, 2011. "The impact of recall periods on reported morbidity and health seeking behavior," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5778, The World Bank.
    2. Michael Clemens, 2009. "Skill Flow: A Fundamental Reconsideration of Skilled-Worker Mobility and Development," Working Papers 180, Center for Global Development.
    3. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    4. Leonard, David K. & Bloom, Gerald & Hanson, Kara & O’Farrell, Juan & Spicer, Neil, 2013. "Institutional Solutions to the Asymmetric Information Problem in Health and Development Services for the Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 71-87.
    5. Danila Serra & Pieter Serneels & Abigail Barr, 2010. "Intrinsic motivations and the non-profit health sector: Evidence from Ethiopia," CSAE Working Paper Series 2010-04, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    6. Gore, Radhika, 2021. "Ensuring the ordinary: Politics and public service in municipal primary care in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    7. Christian Posso & Jorge Tamayo & Arlen Guarin & Estefania Saravia, 2024. "Luck of the Draw: The Causal Effect of Physicians on Birth Outcomes," Borradores de Economia 1269, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    8. Lange, Siri & Mwisongo, Aziza & Mæstad, Ottar, 2014. "Why don't clinicians adhere more consistently to guidelines for the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 56-63.
    9. Christophe Lemiére & Gaute Torsvik & Ottar Mæstad & Christopher H. Herbst & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2013. "Evaluating the Impact of Results-Based Financing on Health Worker Performance: Theory, Tools and Variables to Inform an Impact Evaluation," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 98269, The World Bank.
    10. Bauhoff,Sebastian Peter Alexander & Kandpal,Eeshani, 2021. "Information, Loss Framing, and Spillovers in Pay-for-Performance Contracts," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9687, The World Bank.
    11. Kimberly Singer Babiarz & Hongmei Yi & Renfu Luo, 2013. "Meeting the Health-care Needs of the Rural Elderly: The Unique Role of Village Doctors," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 21(3), pages 44-60, May.
    12. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2014. "Giving and promising gifts: experimental evidence on reciprocity from the field," Working Papers 165, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.
    13. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    14. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2018. "Giving and promising gifts: Experimental evidence on reciprocity from the field," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 188-201.
    15. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2016. "Generosity and Prosocial Behavior in Healthcare Provision: Evidence from the Laboratory and Field," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(1), pages 133-162.
    16. Mbiti, Isaac M. & Serra, Danila, 2018. "Health Workers' Behavior, Patient Reporting and Reputational Concerns: Lab-in-the-Field Experimental Evidence from Kenya," IZA Discussion Papers 11352, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Jishnu Das, 2011. "The Quality of Medical Care in Low-Income Countries: From Providers to Markets," Working Papers id:3955, eSocialSciences.
    18. Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy M. & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Idle Chatter or Learning? Evidence from Rural Tanzania of Social Learning about Clinicians and the Health System," Working Papers 42884, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    19. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    20. Chandler, Clare I.R. & Chonya, Semkini & Mtei, Frank & Reyburn, Hugh & Whitty, Christopher J.M., 2009. "Motivation, money and respect: A mixed-method study of Tanzanian non-physician clinicians," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(11), pages 2078-2088, June.
    21. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylene & Cairns, John, 2022. "Can patients improve the quality of care they receive? Experimental evidence from Senegal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    22. World Bank, 2012. "Service Delivery Indicators : Senegal," World Bank Publications - Reports 20125, The World Bank Group.
    23. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylène, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113759, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    24. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy, 2009. "Idle chatter or learning? Evidence of social learning about clinicians and the health system from rural Tanzania," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 183-190, July.
    25. Kovacs, Roxanne & Lagarde, Mylene, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    26. Ottar Mæstad & Gaute Torsvik, 2008. "Improving the Quality of Health Care when Health Workers are in Short Supply," CMI Working Papers 12, CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Bergen, Norway.
    27. Ida Lindkvist, 2013. "Informal Payments And Health Worker Effort: A Quantitative Study From Tanzania," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(10), pages 1250-1271, October.
    28. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    29. Dupas, Pascaline & Jain, Radhika, 2023. "Can beneficiary information improve hospital accountability? Experimental evidence from a public health insurance scheme in India," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    30. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2010. "Overworked? On the relationship between workload and health worker performance," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 686-698, September.
    31. Kjell Hausken & Mthuli Ncube, 2014. "Political Economy of Service Delivery: Monitoring Versus Contestation," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 52(1), pages 68-84, March.
    32. World Bank, 2012. "Service Delivery Indicators : Tanzania," World Bank Publications - Reports 20126, The World Bank Group.
    33. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2012. "Generosity norms and intrinsic motivation in health care provision: evidence from the laboratory and the field," Working Papers 147, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Office of the Chief Economist.

  18. Leonard, Kenneth & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2006. "Outpatient process quality evaluation and the Hawthorne Effect," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(9), pages 2330-2340, November.

    Cited by:

    1. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    2. Leonard, David K. & Bloom, Gerald & Hanson, Kara & O’Farrell, Juan & Spicer, Neil, 2013. "Institutional Solutions to the Asymmetric Information Problem in Health and Development Services for the Poor," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 71-87.
    3. Fuhai Hong & Tanjim Hossain & John A. List & Migiwa Tanaka, 2013. "Testing the Theory of Multitasking: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment in Chinese Factories," CESifo Working Paper Series 4522, CESifo.
    4. Oskar P. Roemeling & Martin J. Land & Kees Ahaus & Jannes Slomp & Wouter van den Bijllaardt, 2017. "Impact of lean interventions on time buffer reduction in a hospital setting," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(16), pages 4802-4815, August.
    5. Cammett, Melani & Şaşmaz, Aytuğ, 2017. "Political Context, Organizational Mission, and the Quality of Social Services: Insights from the Health Sector in Lebanon," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 120-132.
    6. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    7. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2018. "Giving and promising gifts: Experimental evidence on reciprocity from the field," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 188-201.
    8. Eble,Alex & Boone,Peter & Elbourne,Diana, 2016. "On minimizing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials in economics," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7746, The World Bank.
    9. Banuri, Sheheryar & de Walque, Damien & Keefer, Philip & Haidara, Ousmane Diadie & Robyn, Paul Jacob & Ye, Maurice, 2018. "The use of video vignettes to measure health worker knowledge. Evidence from Burkina Faso," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 173-180.
    10. J. Michelle Brock & Andreas Lange & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2016. "Generosity and Prosocial Behavior in Healthcare Provision: Evidence from the Laboratory and Field," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 51(1), pages 133-162.
    11. Brock, J. Michelle & Lange, Andreas & Leonard, Kenneth L., 2015. "Esteem and social information: On determinants of prosocial behavior of clinicians in Tanzania," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 85-94.
    12. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    13. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Moving from the lab to the field: Exploring scrutiny and duration effects in lab experiments," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 284-287, August.
    14. Margaret E. Kruk & Adanna Chukwuma & Godfrey Mbaruku & Hannah H. Leslie, 2017. "Variation in quality of primary-care services in Kenya, Malawi, Namibia, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-139, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    15. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Is patient satisfaction sensitive to changes in the quality of care? An exploitation of the Hawthorne effect," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 444-459, March.
    16. Ida Lindkvist, 2013. "Informal Payments And Health Worker Effort: A Quantitative Study From Tanzania," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(10), pages 1250-1271, October.
    17. Edward N. Okeke & Amalavoyal V. Chari, 2015. "Can Institutional Deliveries Reduce Newborn Mortality? Evidence from Rwanda," Working Papers WR-1072, RAND Corporation.
    18. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    19. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2017. "Changing health care provider performance through measurement," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 54-65.
    20. Tafesse, Wiktoria & Chalkley, Martin, 2021. "Faith-based provision of sexual and reproductive healthcare in Malawi," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    21. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2010. "Overworked? On the relationship between workload and health worker performance," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 686-698, September.
    22. Thille, Patricia & Ward, Natalie & Russell, Grant, 2014. "Self-management support in primary care: Enactments, disruptions, and conversational consequences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 97-105.
    23. Melissa J. Bloomer & Wendy Cross & Ruth Endacott & Margaret O'Connor & Cheryle Moss, 2012. "Qualitative observation in a clinical setting: Challenges at end of life," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(1), pages 25-31, March.
    24. Glick, Peter, 2009. "How reliable are surveys of client satisfaction with healthcare services? Evidence from matched facility and household data in Madagascar," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 368-379, January.
    25. Das, Veena & Daniels, Benjamin & Kwan, Ada & Saria, Vaibhav & Das, Ranendra & Pai, Madhukar & Das, Jishnu, 2022. "Simulated patients and their reality: An inquiry into theory and method," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    26. Pitchforth, Emma & Lilford, Richard J. & Kebede, Yigzaw & Asres, Getahun & Stanford, Charlotte & Frost, Jodie, 2010. "Assessing and understanding quality of care in a labour ward: A pilot study combining clinical and social science perspectives in Gondar, Ethiopia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(10), pages 1739-1748, November.
    27. Jayne Webster & Kassoum Kayentao & Jane Bruce & Sory I Diawara & Amadou Abathina & Alhassane Ag Haiballa & Ogobara K Doumbo & Jenny Hill, 2013. "Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy with Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Insecticide Treated Nets in Mali: A Quantitative Health Systems Effectiveness Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(6), pages 1-15, June.

  19. Kenneth L. Leonard & Joshua Graff Zivin, 2005. "Outcome versus service based payments in health care: lessons from African traditional healers," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(6), pages 575-593, June.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  20. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2005. "The use of direct clinician observation and vignettes for health services quality evaluation in developing countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 1944-1951, November.

    Cited by:

    1. Jack, William & Lewis, Maureen, 2009. "Health investments and economic growth : macroeconomic evidence and microeconomic foundations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4877, The World Bank.
    2. Rao, Krishna D. & Sundararaman, T. & Bhatnagar, Aarushi & Gupta, Garima & Kokho, Puni & Jain, Kamlesh, 2013. "Which doctor for primary health care? Quality of care and non-physician clinicians in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 30-34.
    3. Alaka Holla & Jishnu Das & Aakash Mohpal & Karthik Muralidharan, 2015. "Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery: Audit Evidence from Primary Care Providers in India," Working Papers id:7219, eSocialSciences.
    4. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    5. Quan-Hoang Vuong & Thu Trang Vuong & Tung Manh Ho & Ha Viet Nguyen, 2017. "Psychological and socio-economic factors affecting social sustainability through impacts on perceived health care quality and public health: The case of Vietnam," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/259206, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    6. Christophe Lemiére & Gaute Torsvik & Ottar Mæstad & Christopher H. Herbst & Kenneth L. Leonard, 2013. "Evaluating the Impact of Results-Based Financing on Health Worker Performance: Theory, Tools and Variables to Inform an Impact Evaluation," Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper Series 98269, The World Bank.
    7. Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran & Karimi, Seyed M & Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash & Mirbaha-Hashemi, Fariba & Janani, Leila & Babaee, Ebrahim & Nojomi, Marzieh & Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, 2022. "Effectiveness of pay for performance to non-physician health care providers: A systematic review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(7), pages 592-602.
    8. World Bank & Oxford Policy Management, 2015. "Health Worker Survey in Timor-Leste," World Bank Publications - Reports 23879, The World Bank Group.
    9. Banuri, Sheheryar & de Walque, Damien & Keefer, Philip & Haidara, Ousmane Diadie & Robyn, Paul Jacob & Ye, Maurice, 2018. "The use of video vignettes to measure health worker knowledge. Evidence from Burkina Faso," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 173-180.
    10. Lewis, Maureen & Pettersson, Gunilla, 2009. "Governance in health care delivery : raising performance," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5074, The World Bank.
    11. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Using the Hawthorne Effect to Examine the Gap Between a Doctor's Best Possible Practice and Actual Performance," Working Papers 36693, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    12. Adrien Allorant & Nancy Fullman & Hannah H. Leslie & Moussa Sarr & Daouda Gueye & Eliudi Eliakimu & Jon Wakefield & Joseph L. Dieleman & David Pigott & Nancy Puttkammer & Robert C. Reiner, 2023. "A small area model to assess temporal trends and sub-national disparities in healthcare quality," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    13. Anna D Gage & Margaret E Kruk & Tsinuel Girma & Ephrem T Lemango, 2018. "The know-do gap in sick child care in Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, December.
    14. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Moving from the lab to the field: Exploring scrutiny and duration effects in lab experiments," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 284-287, August.
    15. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Is patient satisfaction sensitive to changes in the quality of care? An exploitation of the Hawthorne effect," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 444-459, March.
    16. Rao, Krishna D. & Mehta, Akriti & Noonan, Caitlin & Peters, Michael A. & Perry, Henry, 2024. "Voting with their feet: Primary care provider choice and its implications for public sector primary care services in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    17. Jishnu Das & Alaka Holla & Aakash Mohpal & Karthik Muralidharan, 2015. "Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery: Audit-Study Evidence from Primary Care in India," NBER Working Papers 21405, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    18. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    19. Rao, Krishna D. & Sheffel, Ashley, 2018. "Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 80-88.
    20. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Professionalism, Latent Professionalism and Organizational Demands for Health Care Quality in a Developing Country," Working Papers 42883, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    21. Glick, Peter, 2009. "How reliable are surveys of client satisfaction with healthcare services? Evidence from matched facility and household data in Madagascar," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 368-379, January.

  21. Kenneth Leonard & David Leonard, 2004. "The Political Economy of Improving Health Care for the Poor in Rural Africa: Institutional Solutions to the Principal-Agent Problem," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(4), pages 50-77.

    Cited by:

    1. Jennings, Michael, 2015. "The precariousness of the franchise state: Voluntary sector health services and international NGOs in Tanzania, 1960s – mid-1980s," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1-8.
    2. Sharma, Chanchal Kumar, 2014. "Governance,Governmentality and Governability: Constraints and Possibilities of Decentralization in South Asia," MPRA Paper 61349, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 Jan 2015.
    3. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    4. Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak & Andrew Sunil Rajkumar & Maureen Cropper, 2011. "The Political Economy of Health Services Provision in Brazil," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(4), pages 723-751.

  22. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2003. "African traditional healers and outcome-contingent contracts in health care," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 1-22, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Mwabu, Germano, 2007. "Health Economics for Low-Income Countries," Center Discussion Papers 10118, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
    2. Sato, Azusa, 2012. "Do Inequalities in Health Care Utilization in Developing Countries Change When We Take into Account Traditional Medicines?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 40(11), pages 2275-2289.
    3. Pouliot, Mariève & Treue, Thorsten, 2013. "Rural People’s Reliance on Forests and the Non-Forest Environment in West Africa: Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 180-193.
    4. Pouliot, Mariève, 2011. "Relying on nature’s pharmacy in rural Burkina Faso: Empirical evidence of the determinants of traditional medicine consumption," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(10), pages 1498-1507.
    5. Chaudhury, Nazmul & Hammer, Jeffrey S., 2003. "Ghost doctors - absenteeism in Bangladeshi health facilities," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3065, The World Bank.
    6. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    7. Alfredo Paloyo & Arndt Reichert, 2017. "Biting Back at Malaria: Assessing Health-service Providers' Compliance with Treatment Guidelines," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(3), pages 591-626, August.
    8. Das, Jishnu & Hammer, Jeffrey, 2004. "Strained mercy : The quality of medical care in Delhi," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3228, The World Bank.
    9. Leonard, Kenneth L, 2007. "Learning in Health Care: Evidence of Learning about Clinician Quality in Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 55(3), pages 531-555, April.
    10. Grant Miller & Kimberly Singer Babiarz, 2013. "Pay-for-Performance Incentives in Low- and Middle-Income Country Health Programs," NBER Working Papers 18932, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    12. Kenneth Leonard & Joshua Graff Zivin, 2003. "Outcome Versus Service Based Payment in Health Care: Lessons from African Traditional Healers," NBER Working Papers 9797, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Sebastian Calónico & Rafael Di Tella & Juan Cruz Lopez del Valle, 2023. "The Political Economy of a “Miracle Cure”: The Case of Nebulized Ibuprofen and its Diffusion in Argentina," NBER Working Papers 31781, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Renfu Luo & Grant Miller & Scott Rozelle & Sean Sylvia & Marcos Vera-Hernández, 2015. "Can Bureaucrats Really Be Paid Like CEOs? School Administrator Incentives for Anemia Reduction in Rural China," NBER Working Papers 21302, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Sato, Azusa, 2012. "Does socio-economic status explain use of modern and traditional health care services?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(8), pages 1450-1459.
    16. Lucia Corno, 2014. "Learning (or Not) in Health-Seeking Behavior: Evidence from Rural Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(1), pages 27-72.
    17. Anupa Bir & Karen Eggleston, 2003. "Physician Dual Practice: Access Enhancement or Demand Inducement?," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University 0311, Department of Economics, Tufts University.
    18. P. M. Amegbor, 2017. "An Assessment of Care-Seeking Behavior in Asikuma-Odoben-Brakwa District: A Triple Pluralistic Health Sector Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(2), pages 21582440177, June.

  23. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2002. "When both states and markets fail: asymmetric information and the role of NGOs in African health care," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 61-80, July.

    Cited by:

    1. Jishnu Das & Jeffrey Hammer & Kenneth Leonard, 2008. "The Quality of Medical Advice in Low-Income Countries," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 22(2), pages 93-114, Spring.
    2. Danila Serra & Pieter Serneels & Abigail Barr, 2010. "Intrinsic motivations and the non-profit health sector: Evidence from Ethiopia," CSAE Working Paper Series 2010-04, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    3. Habtom, G., 2006. "Health Care Governance in Developing Countries : The Case of Eritrea," Other publications TiSEM 289e6243-bb73-4d66-a6a1-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    4. Barr, Abigail & Fafchamps, Marcel & Owens, Trudy, 2005. "The governance of non-governmental organizations in Uganda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 657-679, April.
    5. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    6. Jonah S. Goldberg, 2023. "What we measure when we measure the effects of user fees: a replication, reanalysis, and extension of Tanaka, 2014," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(4), pages 1981-2009, October.
    7. Thomas De HOOP & Luuk Van KEMPEN, 2010. "Trust In Health Providers As A Catalyst For Malaria Prevention: Heterogeneous Impacts Of Health Education In Rural Ghana," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 48(3), pages 376-404, September.
    8. Jennings, Michael, 2015. "The precariousness of the franchise state: Voluntary sector health services and international NGOs in Tanzania, 1960s – mid-1980s," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1-8.
    9. Jong‐Yi Wang & Janice C. Probst & Carleen H. Stoskopf & Jimy M. Sanders & James F. McTigue, 2011. "Information asymmetry and performance tilting in hospitals: a national empirical study," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(12), pages 1487-1506, December.
    10. Fritzen, Scott A., 2007. "Reorienting Health Ministry roles in transition settings: Capacity and strategy gaps," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(1), pages 73-83, September.
    11. Michael Kremer, 2002. "Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 67-90, Fall.
    12. Cross, Jamie & MacGregor, Hayley Nan, 2010. "Knowledge, legitimacy and economic practice in informal markets for medicine: A critical review of research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(9), pages 1593-1600, November.
    13. Kieke G.H. Okma & Adrian Kay & Shelby Hockenberry & Joanne Liu & Susan Watkins, 2016. "The changing role of health-oriented international organizations and nongovernmental organizations," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 488-510, October.
    14. Rachel S. Robinson & Jennifer N. Brass & Andrew Shermeyer & Nichole Grossman, 2024. "Reported effects of non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in health and education service provision: The role of NGO –government relations and other factors," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 42(1), January.
    15. Bloom, Gerald & Standing, Hilary & Lloyd, Robert, 2008. "Markets, information asymmetry and health care: Towards new social contracts," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(10), pages 2076-2087, May.
    16. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    17. Gift Dafuleya, 2014. "Social Value Creation and Institution-Entrepreneurial Dynamics in a Three Sector Economy," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 6(10), pages 795-809.
    18. Abigail Barr & Marcel Fafchamps & Trudy Owens, 2004. "The Resources and Governance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Uganda," CSAE Working Paper Series 2004-06, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
    19. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Professionalism, Latent Professionalism and Organizational Demands for Health Care Quality in a Developing Country," Working Papers 42883, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    20. Kenneth L. Leonard & Melkiory C. Masatu & Alexandre Vialou, 2007. "Getting Doctors to Do Their Best: The Roles of Ability and Motivation in Health Care Quality," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 42(3).
    21. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2003. "African traditional healers and outcome-contingent contracts in health care," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 1-22, June.
    22. Nguyen, Phuc Canh & Nguyen, Bach & Thanh, Su Dinh, 2022. "The importance of export diversification for national entrepreneurship density," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 114-129.

  24. Kenneth L. Leonard & Gilbert R. Mliga & Damen Haile Mariam, 2002. "Bypassing Health Centres in Tanzania: Revealed Preferences for Quality," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 11(4), pages 441-471, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Abate, Gashaw T. & Dereje, Mekdim & Hirvonen, Kalle & Minten, Bart, 2020. "Geography of public service delivery in rural Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    2. Han-A Cho & Bo-Ra Kim & Hosung Shin, 2022. "Travel Time for Dental Care Services Based on Patient Preference in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Klemick, Heather & Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2008. "Defining Access to Health Care: Evidence on the Importance of Quality and Distance in Rural Tanzania," Working Papers 6178, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    4. Jessica Cohen & Pascaline Dupas & Simone G. Schaner, 2012. "Price Subsidies, Diagnostic Tests, and Targeting of Malaria Treatment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial," NBER Working Papers 17943, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Anja Sautmann & Samuel Brown & Mark Dean, 2016. "Subsidies, Information, and the Timing of Children's Health Care in Mali," CESifo Working Paper Series 6057, CESifo.
    6. Gauthier, Bernard & Wane, Waly, 2008. "Bypassing health providers : the quest for better price and quality of health care in Chad," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4462, The World Bank.
    7. Caroline Wilson, 2009. "Dis-embedding Health Care," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 4(1), pages 83-101, April.
    8. Kruk, Margaret E. & Rockers, Peter C. & Mbaruku, Godfrey & Paczkowski, Magdalena M. & Galea, Sandro, 2010. "Community and health system factors associated with facility delivery in rural Tanzania: A multilevel analysis," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(2-3), pages 209-216, October.
    9. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2008. "Is patient satisfaction sensitive to changes in the quality of care? An exploitation of the Hawthorne effect," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 444-459, March.
    10. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Adelman, Sarah W. & Essam, Timothy, 2009. "Idle chatter or learning? Evidence of social learning about clinicians and the health system from rural Tanzania," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(2), pages 183-190, July.
    11. Rao, Krishna D. & Mehta, Akriti & Noonan, Caitlin & Peters, Michael A. & Perry, Henry, 2024. "Voting with their feet: Primary care provider choice and its implications for public sector primary care services in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    12. Sautmann,Anja & Brown,Samuel & Kline,Dean Mark, 2020. "Subsidies, Information, and the Timing of Children’s Health Care in Mali," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9486, The World Bank.
    13. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2009. "Overworked? The relationship between workload and health worker performance in rural Tanzania," Working Papers in Economics 02/09, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    14. Leonard, Kenneth L., 2009. "The cost of imperfect agency in health care: Evidence from rural Cameroun," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 282-291, March.
    15. Bezu, Sosina & Binyaruka, Peter & Mæstad, Ottar & Somville, Vincent, 2021. "Pay-for-performance reduces bypassing of health facilities: Evidence from Tanzania," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Mæstad, Ottar & Torsvik, Gaute & Aakvik, Arild, 2010. "Overworked? On the relationship between workload and health worker performance," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 686-698, September.
    17. World Bank, 2007. "India - Rural Governments and Service Delivery : Volume 3. Main Report," World Bank Publications - Reports 8009, The World Bank Group.
    18. Ikuo Ishibashi & Noriaki Matsushima, 2012. "Should Public Sectors Be Complements of Private Sectors?," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 168(4), pages 712-730, December.
    19. Van Rijsbergen, Bart & D’Exelle, Ben, 2013. "Delivery Care in Tanzania: A Comparative Analysis of Use and Preferences," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 276-287.
    20. Leonard, Kenneth L. & Masatu, Melkiory C., 2005. "The use of direct clinician observation and vignettes for health services quality evaluation in developing countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 1944-1951, November.
    21. Rao, Krishna D. & Sheffel, Ashley, 2018. "Quality of clinical care and bypassing of primary health centers in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 80-88.
    22. Cronin, C.J.; & Guilkey, D.K.; & Speizer, I.S.;, 2018. "Measurement Error in Discrete Health Facility Choice Models:an Example from Urban Senegal," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 18/18, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    23. World Bank, 2007. "India - Rural governments and Service Delivery : Volume 2. Note," World Bank Publications - Reports 8008, The World Bank Group.
    24. Lucia Corno, 2014. "Learning (or Not) in Health-Seeking Behavior: Evidence from Rural Tanzania," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(1), pages 27-72.
    25. Magnus Lindelow, 2004. "Understanding spatial variation in the utilization of health," Development and Comp Systems 0409058, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. Jeuland, Marc & Lucas, Marcelino & Clemens, John & Whittington, Dale, 2010. "Estimating the private benefits of vaccination against cholera in Beira, Mozambique: A travel cost approach," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 310-322, March.
    27. Jacqueline Fiore, 2017. "The Impact of Subsidized Antimalarials on Treatment Seeking Behavior," Working Papers 1717, Tulane University, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2018.

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