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Changing landscapes, changing practice: Negotiating access to sleeping sickness services in a post-conflict society

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  • Palmer, Jennifer J.
  • Kelly, Ann H.
  • Surur, Elizeous I.
  • Checchi, Francesco
  • Jones, Caroline

Abstract

For several decades, control programmes for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, or sleeping sickness) in South Sudan have been delivered almost entirely as humanitarian interventions: large, well-organised, externally-funded but short-term programmes with a strategic focus on active screening. When attempts to hand over these programmes to local partners fail, resident populations must actively seek and negotiate access to tests at hospitals via passive screening. However, little is known about the social impact of such humanitarian interventions or the consequences of withdrawal on access to and utilisation of remaining services by local populations. Based on qualitative and quantitative fieldwork in Nimule, South Sudan (2008–2010), where passive screening necessarily became the predominant strategy, this paper investigates the reasons why, among two ethnic groups (Madi returnees and Dinka displaced populations), service uptake was so much higher among the latter. HAT tests were the only form of clinical care for which displaced Dinka populations could self-refer; access to all other services was negotiated through indigenous area workers. Because of the long history of conflict, these encounters were often morally and politically fraught. An open-door policy to screening supported Dinka people to ‘try’ HAT tests in the normal course of treatment-seeking, thereby empowering them to use HAT services more actively. This paper argues that in a context like South Sudan, where HAT control increasingly depends upon patient-led approaches to case-detection, it is imperative to understand the cultural values and political histories associated with the practice of testing and how medical humanitarian programmes shape this landscape of care, even after they have been scaled down.

Suggested Citation

  • Palmer, Jennifer J. & Kelly, Ann H. & Surur, Elizeous I. & Checchi, Francesco & Jones, Caroline, 2014. "Changing landscapes, changing practice: Negotiating access to sleeping sickness services in a post-conflict society," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 396-404.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:120:y:2014:i:c:p:396-404
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mangai Balasegaram & Sooria Balasegaram & Denis Malvy & Pascal Millet, 2008. "Neglected Diseases in the News: A Content Analysis of Recent International Media Coverage Focussing on Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(5), pages 1-5, May.
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    5. Kelly, Ann H. & Ameh, David & Majambere, Silas & Lindsay, Steve & Pinder, Margaret, 2010. "'Like sugar and honey': The embedded ethics of a larval control project in The Gambia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(12), pages 1912-1919, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. C Simone Sutherland & Joshua Yukich & Ron Goeree & Fabrizio Tediosi, 2015. "A Literature Review of Economic Evaluations for a Neglected Tropical Disease: Human African Trypanosomiasis (“Sleeping Sickness”)," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-22, February.
    2. Palmer, Jennifer J. & Storeng, Katerini T., 2016. "Building the nation's body: The contested role of abortion and family planning in post-war South Sudan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 84-92.

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