IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/spomar/v23y2020i4p640-656.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Leader prototypicality in sport: The implicit leadership theories of women and men entering sport management careers

Author

Listed:
  • Swanson, Steve
  • Billsberry, Jon
  • Kent, Aubrey
  • Skinner, James
  • Mueller, Jacqueline

Abstract

Implicit leadership theories (ILTs) matter because they are used as the benchmark against which people determine who is a leader and who is not. This assessment informs their behavioral responses. People are thought to have a superordinate-level ILT representing their prototypical mental model of leadership and a series of basic-level ILTs. Each of these represents how people conceptualize leadership in particular domains (e.g., sport, politics, and popular culture). In this study, the authors generate the structures of basic-level sport management ILTs for women and men who are about to enter this industry. These form the baseline from which socialization to work, organizational cultures, and the sport management industry begins. The ILTs of women entering sport management careers have a 35-item, 6-factor structure (Sensitivity, Knowledgeable, Physical Attractiveness, Inspirational, Dedication, and Focused), whereas men entering the industry have a 32-item, 7-factor structure (Sensitivity, Dedication, Physical Attractiveness, Focused, Creativity, Inspirational, Courageous). The resulting sport management ILT profiles differ from superordinate ones by emphasizing physical and vitality attributes, incorporating emotional elements, and by eschewing antiprototypical elements. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications for leadership research in sport management.

Suggested Citation

  • Swanson, Steve & Billsberry, Jon & Kent, Aubrey & Skinner, James & Mueller, Jacqueline, 2020. "Leader prototypicality in sport: The implicit leadership theories of women and men entering sport management careers," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 640-656.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:spomar:v:23:y:2020:i:4:p:640-656
    DOI: 10.1016/j.smr.2019.08.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1441352319300300
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.smr.2019.08.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Uri Gneezy & Kenneth L. Leonard & John A. List, 2009. "Gender Differences in Competition: Evidence From a Matrilineal and a Patriarchal Society," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(5), pages 1637-1664, September.
    2. House, Robert & Javidan, Mansour & Hanges, Paul & Dorfman, Peter, 2002. "Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to project GLOBE," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 3-10, April.
    3. Milena M. Parent & Denise Olver & Benoit Séguin, 2009. "Understanding Leadership in Major Sporting Events: The Case of the 2005 World Aquatics Championships," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(3), pages 167-184, July.
    4. Parent, Milena M. & Olver, Denise & Séguin, Benoit, 2009. "Understanding Leadership in Major Sporting Events: The Case of the 2005 World Aquatics Championships," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 167-184, August.
    5. Burton, Laura J., 2015. "Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 155-165.
    6. John Antonakis & Nicolas Bastardoz & Philippe Jacquart & Boas Shamir, 2016. "Charisma : An Ill-Defined and Ill-Measured Gift," Post-Print hal-02313343, HAL.
    7. Steve Swanson & Aubrey Kent, 2017. "Passion and pride in professional sports: Investigating the role of workplace emotion," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 352-364, October.
    8. Katalin Takacs Haynes & Michael A. Hitt & Joanna Tochman Campbell, 2015. "The Dark Side of Leadership: Towards a Mid-Range Theory of Hubris and Greed in Entrepreneurial Contexts," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(4), pages 479-505, June.
    9. Swanson, Steve & Kent, Aubrey, 2017. "Passion and pride in professional sports: Investigating the role of workplace emotion," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 352-364.
    10. Sy, Thomas, 2010. "What do you think of followers? Examining the content, structure, and consequences of implicit followership theories," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 113(2), pages 73-84, November.
    11. Laura J. Burton, 2015. "Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 155-165, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ye Hoon Lee & Hyungsook Kim & Yonghyun Park, 2022. "Development of a Conceptual Model of Occupational Stress for Athletic Directors in Sport Contexts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Lee, Ye Hoon, 2020. "The role of mindfulness and occupational stress in the goal orientations of development and winning," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 626-639.
    3. Farman Ullah & Yigang Wu & Khalid Mehmood & Fauzia Jabeen & Yaser Iftikhar & Ángel Acevedo-Duque & Ho Kwong Kwan, 2021. "Impact of Spectators’ Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility on Regional Attachment in Sports: Three-Wave Indirect Effects of Spectators’ Pride and Team Identification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Aï Ito & Jennifer A Harrison & Michelle C Bligh & Christine Roland-Levy, 2020. "A follower-centric perspective on charismatic leadership: An integrative review and agenda for future research," Post-Print hal-03086811, HAL.
    5. Jones, Gareth J. & Edwards, Michael B. & Bocarro, Jason N. & Bunds, Kyle S. & Smith, Jordan W., 2018. "Leveraging community sport organizations to promote community capacity: Strategic outcomes, challenges, and theoretical considerations," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 279-292.
    6. Constandt, Bram & Parent, Milena M. & Willem, Annick, 2020. "Does it really matter? A study on soccer fans’ perceptions of ethical leadership and their role as “stakeowners”," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 374-386.
    7. Lara Lesch & Shannon Kerwin & Tim F. Thormann & Pamela Wicker, 2022. "Critical Masses and Gender Diversity in Voluntary Sport Leadership: The Role of Economic and Social State-Level Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Prayag, Girish & Mills, Hamish & Lee, Craig & Soscia, Isabella, 2020. "Team identification, discrete emotions, satisfaction, and event attachment: A social identity perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 373-384.
    9. Frevel, Nicolas & Beiderbeck, Daniel & Schmidt, Sascha L., 2022. "The impact of technology on sports – A prospective study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Kim, Minjung & Kim, Amy Chan Hyung & Newman, Joshua I. & Ferris, Gerald R. & Perrewé, Pamela L., 2019. "The antecedents and consequences of positive organizational behavior: The role of psychological capital for promoting employee well-being in sport organizations," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 108-125.
    11. Carlos Gomez-Gonzalez & Helmut Dietl & Cornel Nesseler, 2019. "Does performance justify the underrepresentation of women coaches? Evidence from professional women’s soccer," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(5), pages 640-651, December.
    12. José V. Pestana & Nuria Codina, 2020. "Collective and Individual Sources of Women’s Creativity: Heroism and Psychological Types Involved in Enhancing the Talent of Emerging Leaders," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, May.
    13. Harrison, Sara, 2014. "Measuring the impact of ‘leadership, context, the nature of the event and induced event experience’ on brand creation for the Sevens Wellington Rugby Tournament," MBA Research Papers 14688, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Management.
    14. Kang, Seungmin & Svensson, Per G., 2019. "Shared leadership in sport for development and peace: A conceptual framework of antecedents and outcomes," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 464-476.
    15. Schaeperkoetter, Claire C., 2017. "Basketball officiating as a gendered arena: An autoethnography," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 128-141.
    16. Dina A. M. Miragaia & João J. M. Ferreira & Carla D. M. Costa, 2022. "What Are Workers’ Perceptions of Women’s Organizational Leadership?," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 3345-3363, December.
    17. Young-Taek Oh & Jun-Phil Uhm & Hyun-Woo Lee, 2022. "The Effect of Coaching Types on Moral Disengagement in Taekwondo Athletes: The Mediating Role of Pride," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-10, September.
    18. Quinn A. W. Keefer, 2022. "Sex Differences in High-Level Managerial Jobs: Evidence From Professional Basketball," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 23(3), pages 301-328, April.
    19. Song Gu & Sheng Bi & Zhixun Guan & Xuemo Fang & Xulu Jiang, 2022. "Relationships among Sports Group Cohesion, Passion, and Mental Toughness in Chinese Team Sports Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-14, November.
    20. Stride, Annette & Fitzgerald, Hayley & Rankin-Wright, Alexandra & Barnes, Luke, 2020. "The en/gendering of volunteering: “I’ve pretty much always noticed that the tail runner is always female”," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 498-508.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:spomar:v:23:y:2020:i:4:p:640-656. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/716936/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.