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The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results

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Cited by:

  1. Saloux, Etienne & Runge, Jason & Zhang, Kun, 2023. "Operation optimization of multi-boiler district heating systems using artificial intelligence-based model predictive control: Field demonstrations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  2. Stanislav Chicherin & Vladislav Mašatin & Andres Siirde & Anna Volkova, 2020. "Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, September.
  3. Stefan Arens & Sunke Schlüters & Benedikt Hanke & Karsten von Maydell & Carsten Agert, 2020. "Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
  4. Dahash, Abdulrahman & Ochs, Fabian & Tosatto, Alice & Streicher, Wolfgang, 2020. "Toward efficient numerical modeling and analysis of large-scale thermal energy storage for renewable district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
  5. Jakubek, Dariusz & Ocłoń, Paweł & Nowak-Ocłoń, Marzena & Sułowicz, Maciej & Varbanov, Petar Sabev & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2023. "Mathematical modelling and model validation of the heat losses in district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
  6. Brunt, Nicholas & Duquette, Jean & O'Brien, William, 2023. "Techno-economic and environmental performance of two state-of-the-art solar-assisted district energy system topologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
  7. Gjoka, Kristian & Rismanchi, Behzad & Crawford, Robert H., 2023. "Fifth-generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of recent advancements and implementation barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  8. Andrea Menapace & Simone Santopietro & Rudy Gargano & Maurizio Righetti, 2021. "Stochastic Generation of District Heat Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
  9. Benakopoulos, Theofanis & Tunzi, Michele & Salenbien, Robbe & Hansen, Kasper Klan & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Implementation of a strategy for low-temperature operation of radiator systems using data from existing digital heat cost allocators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  10. Wang, Jiangjiang & Deng, Hongda & Qi, Xiaoling, 2022. "Cost-based site and capacity optimization of multi-energy storage system in the regional integrated energy networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
  11. Arnaudo, Monica & Topel, Monika & Laumert, Björn, 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of demand side flexibility to enable the integration of distributed heat pumps within a Swedish neighborhood," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  12. Chicherin, Stanislav & Zhuikov, Andrey & Junussova, Lyazzat, 2022. "The new method for hydraulic calculations of a district heating (DH) network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  13. Steinegger, Josef & Wallner, Stefan & Greiml, Matthias & Kienberger, Thomas, 2023. "A new quasi-dynamic load flow calculation for district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
  14. Selva Calixto & Marco Cozzini & Giampaolo Manzolini, 2021. "Modelling of an Existing Neutral Temperature District Heating Network: Detailed and Approximate Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
  15. Lasemi, Mohammad Ali & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Hajizadeh, Amin & Mohammadi-ivatloo, Behnam, 2022. "A comprehensive review on optimization challenges of smart energy hubs under uncertainty factors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  16. Aleksander Skała & Jakub Grela & Dominik Latoń & Katarzyna Bańczyk & Michał Markiewicz & Andrzej Ożadowicz, 2023. "Implementation of Building a Thermal Model to Improve Energy Efficiency of the Central Heating System—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, September.
  17. Costanza Saletti & Mirko Morini & Agostino Gambarotta, 2020. "The Status of Research and Innovation on Heating and Cooling Networks as Smart Energy Systems within Horizon 2020," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-27, June.
  18. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  19. Bott, Andreas & Janke, Tim & Steinke, Florian, 2023. "Deep learning-enabled MCMC for probabilistic state estimation in district heating grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
  20. Benakopoulos, Theofanis & Tunzi, Michele & Salenbien, Robbe & Svendsen, Svend, 2021. "Strategy for low-temperature operation of radiator systems using data from existing digital heat cost allocators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
  21. Li, Haoran & Hou, Juan & Hong, Tianzhen & Ding, Yuemin & Nord, Natasa, 2021. "Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of integration of thermal energy storage into district heating systems using waste heat from data centres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
  22. Sadi, Meisam & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad, 2020. "Exergy, economic and environmental analysis of a solar-assisted cold supply machine for district energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
  23. Persson, Urban & Wiechers, Eva & Möller, Bernd & Werner, Sven, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 604-622.
  24. Jie, Pengfei & Yan, Fuchun & Li, Jing & Zhang, Yumei & Wen, Zhimei, 2019. "Optimizing the insulation thickness of walls of existing buildings with CHP-based district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
  25. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2021. "Variable taxes promoting district heating heat pump flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
  26. Benedetta Grassi & Edoardo Alessio Piana & Gian Paolo Beretta & Mariagrazia Pilotelli, 2020. "Dynamic Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Reducing District Heating Temperature on Indoor Thermal Comfort," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-25, December.
  27. Moser, Simon & Puschnigg, Stefan & Rodin, Valerie, 2020. "Designing the Heat Merit Order to determine the value of industrial waste heat for district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  28. Pastore, Lorenzo Mario & Lo Basso, Gianluigi & de Santoli, Livio, 2022. "Can the renewable energy share increase in electricity and gas grids takes out the competitiveness of gas-driven CHP plants for distributed generation?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
  29. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
  30. David Huber & Viktoria Illyés & Veronika Turewicz & Gregor Götzl & Andreas Hammer & Karl Ponweiser, 2021. "Novel District Heating Systems: Methods and Simulation Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
  31. Lyden, A. & Brown, C.S. & Kolo, I. & Falcone, G. & Friedrich, D., 2022. "Seasonal thermal energy storage in smart energy systems: District-level applications and modelling approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  32. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Werner, Sven & Dyrelund, Anders & Lund, Henrik & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Sorknæs, Peter & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2022. "The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
  33. Chong, Cheng Tung & Fan, Yee Van & Lee, Chew Tin & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2022. "Post COVID-19 ENERGY sustainability and carbon emissions neutrality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
  34. Lumbreras, Mikel & Garay, Roberto, 2020. "Energy & economic assessment of façade-integrated solar thermal systems combined with ultra-low temperature district-heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1000-1014.
  35. Tina Lidberg & Thomas Olofsson & Louise Ödlund, 2019. "Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
  36. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  37. Hrvoje Dorotić & Kristijan Čuljak & Josip Miškić & Tomislav Pukšec & Neven Duić, 2022. "Technical and Economic Assessment of Supermarket and Power Substation Waste Heat Integration into Existing District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-29, February.
  38. Coppitters, Diederik & De Paepe, Ward & Contino, Francesco, 2021. "Robust design optimization of a photovoltaic-battery-heat pump system with thermal storage under aleatory and epistemic uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
  39. Jodeiri, A.M. & Goldsworthy, M.J. & Buffa, S. & Cozzini, M., 2022. "Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  40. Bogdanovics, Raimonds & Zemitis, Jurgis & Zajacs, Aleksandrs & Borodinecs, Anatolijs, 2024. "Small-scale district heating system as heat storage for decentralized solar thermal collectors during non-heating period," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
  41. Ling Cheng & Zesheng Yu & Shiyao Xia & Shixuan Li & Ye Li & Huan Zhang & Bin Li & Sirui Zhang & Zijian Liu & Wandong Zheng, 2022. "Evaluation and Optimization of heat Pump Combined District Heating System: A Case Study of China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-24, October.
  42. Mohammadnia, Ali & Iov, Florin & Rasmussen, Morten Karstoft & Nielsen, Mads Pagh, 2024. "Feasibility assessment of next-generation smart district heating networks by intelligent energy management strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
  43. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  44. Sommer, Tobias & Sotnikov, Artem & Sulzer, Matthias & Scholz, Volkher & Mischler, Stefan & Rismanchi, Behzad & Gjoka, Kristian & Mennel, Stefan, 2022. "Hydrothermal challenges in low-temperature networks with distributed heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
  45. Gross, Michel & Karbasi, Babak & Reiners, Tobias & Altieri, Lisa & Wagner, Hermann-Josef & Bertsch, Valentin, 2021. "Implementing prosumers into heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  46. Zbigniew J. Makieła & Grzegorz Kinelski & Jakub Stęchły & Mariusz Raczek & Krzysztof Wrana & Janusz Michałek, 2022. "Tools for Network Smart City Management—The Case Study of Potential Possibility of Managing Energy and Associated Emissions in Metropolitan Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, March.
  47. Pieper, Henrik & Krupenski, Igor & Brix Markussen, Wiebke & Ommen, Torben & Siirde, Andres & Volkova, Anna, 2021. "Method of linear approximation of COP for heat pumps and chillers based on thermodynamic modelling and off-design operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  48. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
  49. Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Toktarova, Alla & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
  50. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Smith, Kevin Michael & Tunzi, Michele & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  51. Jimenez-Navarro, Juan-Pablo & Kavvadias, Konstantinos & Filippidou, Faidra & Pavičević, Matija & Quoilin, Sylvain, 2020. "Coupling the heating and power sectors: The role of centralised combined heat and power plants and district heat in a European decarbonised power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
  52. Sorknæs, Peter & Nielsen, Steffen & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Moreno, Diana & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck, 2022. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating and energy efficient datacentres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  53. Falay, Basak & Schweiger, Gerald & O’Donovan, Keith & Leusbrock, Ingo, 2020. "Enabling large-scale dynamic simulations and reducing model complexity of district heating and cooling systems by aggregation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
  54. Petrović, Stefan & Bühler, Fabian & Radoman, Uroš & McKenna, Russell, 2022. "Power transformers as excess heat sources – a case study for Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
  55. Böhm, Hans & Lindorfer, Johannes, 2019. "Techno-economic assessment of seasonal heat storage in district heating with thermochemical materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1246-1264.
  56. Gerald Schweiger & Fabian Kuttin & Alfred Posch, 2019. "District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-15, December.
  57. Nielsen, Tore Bach & Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Duic, Neven & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on energy efficiency and smart energy systems from the 5th SESAAU2019 conference," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  58. F. Marta L. Di Lascio & Andrea Menapace & Maurizio Righetti, 2020. "Analysing the relationship between district heating demand and weather conditions through conditional mixture copula," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series BEMPS68, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen.
  59. Niu, Jide & Tian, Zhe & Yue, Lu, 2020. "Robust optimal design of building cooling sources considering the uncertainty and cross-correlation of demand and source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
  60. Turk, Ana & Wu, Qiuwei & Zhang, Menglin & Østergaard, Jacob, 2020. "Day-ahead stochastic scheduling of integrated multi-energy system for flexibility synergy and uncertainty balancing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
  61. Millar, Michael-Allan & Yu, Zhibin & Burnside, Neil & Jones, Greg & Elrick, Bruce, 2021. "Identification of key performance indicators and complimentary load profiles for 5th generation district energy networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
  62. Topal, Halil İbrahim & Tol, Hakan İbrahim & Kopaç, Mehmet & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad, 2022. "Energy, exergy and economic investigation of operating temperature impacts on district heating systems: Transition from high to low-temperature networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
  63. He, Zhiguang & Xi, Haonan & Wang, Jianmin & Li, Zhen & Cao, Jianguo & Li, Haibin, 2022. "Synergy optimization analysis of heat transfer performance and energy consumption in heat transfer process and its application in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  64. Alessandro Guzzini & Marco Pellegrini & Edoardo Pelliconi & Cesare Saccani, 2020. "Low Temperature District Heating: An Expert Opinion Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-34, February.
  65. Wirtz, Marco, 2023. "nPro: A web-based planning tool for designing district energy systems and thermal networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
  66. Werner, Sven, 2022. "Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
  67. Michele Tunzi & Matthieu Ruysschaert & Svend Svendsen & Kevin Michael Smith, 2020. "Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-24, November.
  68. Nis Bertelsen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
  69. De Lorenzi, Andrea & Gambarotta, Agostino & Morini, Mirko & Rossi, Michele & Saletti, Costanza, 2020. "Setup and testing of smart controllers for small-scale district heating networks: An integrated framework," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
  70. Rudra, Souman & Tesfagaber, Yohannes Kifle, 2019. "Future district heating plant integrated with municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification for hydrogen production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 881-892.
  71. Egberts, Paul & Tümer, Can & Loh, Kelvin & Octaviano, Ryvo, 2020. "Challenges in heat network design optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
  72. Xie, Zichan & Wang, Haichao & Hua, Pengmin & Lahdelma, Risto, 2023. "Discrete event simulation for dynamic thermal modelling of district heating pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  73. Capone, Martina & Guelpa, Elisa & Verda, Vittorio, 2023. "Potential for supply temperature reduction of existing district heating substations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  74. Barco-Burgos, J. & Bruno, J.C. & Eicker, U. & Saldaña-Robles, A.L. & Alcántar-Camarena, V., 2022. "Review on the integration of high-temperature heat pumps in district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
  75. Abokersh, Mohamed Hany & Gangwar, Sachin & Spiekman, Marleen & Vallès, Manel & Jiménez, Laureano & Boer, Dieter, 2021. "Sustainability insights on emerging solar district heating technologies to boost the nearly zero energy building concept," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 893-913.
  76. Leoni, Paolo & Geyer, Roman & Schmidt, Ralf-Roman, 2020. "Developing innovative business models for reducing return temperatures in district heating systems: Approach and first results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  77. Li, Xiang & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin K. & Chambers, Jonathan, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of fifth-generation district heating and cooling combined with seasonal borehole thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
  78. Yuan, Meng & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Schneider, Noémi & Xia, Jianjun & Zheng, Wen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Lipeng, 2024. "Renewable energy and waste heat recovery in district heating systems in China: A systematic review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
  79. Zheng, Xuejing & Hu, Fangshu & Wang, Yaran & Zheng, Lijun & Gao, Xinyong & Zhang, Huan & You, Shijun & Xu, Boxiao, 2021. "Leak detection of long-distance district heating pipeline: A hydraulic transient model-based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
  80. Calikus, Ece & Nowaczyk, Sławomir & Sant'Anna, Anita & Gadd, Henrik & Werner, Sven, 2019. "A data-driven approach for discovering heat load patterns in district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
  81. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Pukšec, Tomislav & Schneider, Daniel Rolph & Duić, Neven, 2021. "Evaluation of district heating with regard to individual systems – Importance of carbon and cost allocation in cogeneration units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
  82. Wheatcroft, Edward & Wynn, Henry P. & Lygnerud, Kristina & Bonvicini, Giorgio & Bonvicini, Giorgio & Lenote, Daniela, 2020. "The role of low temperature waste heat recovery in achieving 2050 goals: a policy positioning paper," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 104136, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  83. Hou, Juan & Li, Haoran & Nord, Natasa & Huang, Gongsheng, 2023. "Model predictive control for a university heat prosumer with data centre waste heat and thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
  84. Michael-Allan Millar & Bruce Elrick & Greg Jones & Zhibin Yu & Neil M. Burnside, 2020. "Roadblocks to Low Temperature District Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
  85. Sun, Chao & Liu, Yun & Li, Yuanzheng & Lin, Shunjiang & Gooi, Hoay Beng & Zhu, Jizhong, 2023. "Network-aware P2P multi-energy trading in decentralized electric-heat systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).
  86. Zhou, Suyang & Chen, Jinyi & Gu, Wei & Fang, Xin & Yuan, Xiaodong, 2023. "An adaptive space-step simulation approach for steam heating network considering condensate loss," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
  87. Fester, Jakob & Østergaard, Peter Friis & Bentsen, Fredrik & Nielsen, Brian Kongsgaard, 2023. "A data-driven method for heat loss estimation from district heating service pipes using heat meter- and GIS data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
  88. Ma, Sining & Guo, Siyue & Zheng, Dingqian & Chang, Shiyan & Zhang, Xiliang, 2021. "Roadmap towards clean and low carbon heating to 2035: A provincial analysis in northern China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
  89. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
  90. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2020. "Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
  91. Ivan Postnikov & Ekaterina Samarkina & Andrey Penkovskii & Vladimir Kornev & Denis Sidorov, 2023. "Modeling Unpredictable Behavior of Energy Facilities to Ensure Reliable Operation in a Cyber-Physical System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-11, October.
  92. Capone, Martina & Guelpa, Elisa & Verda, Vittorio, 2021. "Accounting for pipeline thermal capacity in district heating simulations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
  93. Johansen, Katinka & Werner, Sven, 2022. "Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  94. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
  95. Fu, Lin & Li, Yonghong & Wu, Yanting & Wang, Xiaoyin & Jiang, Yi, 2021. "Low carbon district heating in China in 2025- a district heating mode with low grade waste heat as heat source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  96. Pakere, Ieva & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2020. "Solar power or solar heat: What will upraise the efficiency of district heating? Multi-criteria analyses approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  97. Xi, Yufei & Zeng, Qing & Chen, Zhe & Lund, Henrik & Conejo, Antonio J., 2020. "A market equilibrium model for electricity, gas and district heating operations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
  98. Wirtz, Marco & Kivilip, Lukas & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2020. "5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  99. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Nielsen, Tore Bach & Werner, Sven & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
  100. Sarran, Lucile & Smith, Kevin M. & Hviid, Christian A. & Rode, Carsten, 2022. "Grey-box modelling and virtual sensors enabling continuous commissioning of hydronic floor heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
  101. Camille Jeandaux & Jean-Baptiste Videau & Anne Prieur-Vernat, 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of District Heating Systems in Europe: Case Study and Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-32, October.
  102. Xu, Z.Y. & Wang, R.Z. & Yang, Chun, 2019. "Perspectives for low-temperature waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 1037-1043.
  103. Tunzi, Michele & Benakopoulos, Theofanis & Yang, Qinjiang & Svendsen, Svend, 2023. "Demand side digitalisation: A methodology using heat cost allocators and energy meters to secure low-temperature operations in existing buildings connected to district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
  104. Simon Moser & Stefan Puschnigg, 2021. "Supra-Regional District Heating Networks: A Missing Infrastructure for a Sustainable Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, June.
  105. Abdelsalam, Mohamed Y. & Friedrich, Kelton & Mohamed, Saber & Chebeir, Jorge & Lakhian, Vickram & Sullivan, Brendan & Abdalla, Ahmed & Van Ryn, Jessica & Girard, Jeffrey & Lightstone, Marilyn F. & Buc, 2023. "Integrated community energy and harvesting systems: A climate action strategy for cold climates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
  106. Ziemele, Jelena & Gendelis, Stanislavs & Dace, Elina, 2023. "Impact of global warming and building renovation on the heat demand and district heating capacity: Case of the city of Riga," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
  107. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2023. "Optimal heat storage in district energy plants with heat pumps and electrolysers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
  108. Guelpa, E. & Capone, M. & Sciacovelli, A. & Vasset, N. & Baviere, R. & Verda, V., 2023. "Reduction of supply temperature in existing district heating: A review of strategies and implementations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
  109. Zhao, Yin & Gong, Mingju & Sun, Jiawang & Han, Cuitian & Jing, Lei & Li, Bo & Zhao, Zhixuan, 2023. "A new hybrid optimization prediction strategy based on SH-Informer for district heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
  110. Revesz, Akos & Jones, Phil & Dunham, Chris & Davies, Gareth & Marques, Catarina & Matabuena, Rodrigo & Scott, Jim & Maidment, Graeme, 2020. "Developing novel 5th generation district energy networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
  111. Meha, Drilon & Pfeifer, Antun & Duić, Neven & Lund, Henrik, 2020. "Increasing the integration of variable renewable energy in coal-based energy system using power to heat technologies: The case of Kosovo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
  112. Steffen Nielsen & Kenneth Hansen & Rasmus Lund & Diana Moreno, 2020. "Unconventional Excess Heat Sources for District Heating in a National Energy System Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.
  113. Arnaudo, Monica & Dalgren, Johan & Topel, Monika & Laumert, Björn, 2021. "Waste heat recovery in low temperature networks versus domestic heat pumps - A techno-economic and environmental analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
  114. Helge Averfalk & Fredric Ottermo & Sven Werner, 2019. "Pipe Sizing for Novel Heat Distribution Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, April.
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  116. Damir Požgaj & Branimir Pavković & Boris Delač & Vladimir Glažar, 2023. "Retrofitting of the District Heating System Based on the Application of Heat Pumps Operating with Natural Refrigerants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
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