IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v307y2022ics0306261921015373.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Synergy optimization analysis of heat transfer performance and energy consumption in heat transfer process and its application in data centers

Author

Listed:
  • He, Zhiguang
  • Xi, Haonan
  • Wang, Jianmin
  • Li, Zhen
  • Cao, Jianguo
  • Li, Haibin

Abstract

Most industrial heat exchange processes are carried out between two fluids. Usually the thermal fluids are driven by pumps or fans. The power consumption of pumps and fans is quite high in the transport systems, especially in data centers. Nearly 60% of the computer room air conditioning (CRAC) system’s energy consumption is consumed by pumps and fans in winter. A lot of literatures discussed the heat transfer enhancement in heat transfer process but few focused on the energy consumption. In this paper, a new synergy optimization method is proposed to save energy in heat transfer process. The heat transfer constraint equations of the heat transfer process are established. Taking the energy efficiency as the objective function, the synergistic relationship between the power consumption and temperature difference is derived analytically by using variation principle. A synergy operation factor is defined to guide the practical operation optimization of heat transfer process. The closer the synergy operation factor to 1, the higher the system energy efficiency is. An experiment of a separated heat pipe system is carried out to verify the accuracy of the synergy optimization analysis. The synergy optimization analysis is implemented in a real data center, and the cooling system can save energy by 30.9% under test conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Zhiguang & Xi, Haonan & Wang, Jianmin & Li, Zhen & Cao, Jianguo & Li, Haibin, 2022. "Synergy optimization analysis of heat transfer performance and energy consumption in heat transfer process and its application in data centers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:307:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921015373
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118276
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261921015373
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118276?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guo, Jiangfeng, 2016. "Design analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide recuperator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 21-27.
    2. Sanaye, Sepehr & Dehghandokht, Masoud, 2011. "Modeling and multi-objective optimization of parallel flow condenser using evolutionary algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1568-1577, May.
    3. Zhao, Xiaohuan & E, Jiaqiang & Zhang, Zhiqing & Chen, Jingwei & Liao, Gaoliang & Zhang, Feng & Leng, Erwei & Han, Dandan & Hu, Wenyu, 2020. "A review on heat enhancement in thermal energy conversion and management using Field Synergy Principle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    4. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    5. Tian Zhao & Di Liu & Ke-Lun He & Xi Chen & Qun Chen, 2020. "An Integrated Three-Level Synergetic and Reliable Optimization Method Considering Heat Transfer Process, Component, and System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    6. Jouhara, Hussam & Meskimmon, Richard, 2014. "Heat pipe based thermal management systems for energy-efficient data centres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 265-270.
    7. Wang, Bohong & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Li, Nianqi & Zeng, Min & Varbanov, Petar Sabev & Liang, Yongtu, 2021. "Heat exchanger network retrofit with heat exchanger and material type selection: A review and a novel method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    8. Chen, Qun & Fu, Rong-Huan & Xu, Yun-Chao, 2015. "Electrical circuit analogy for heat transfer analysis and optimization in heat exchanger networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 81-92.
    9. Shao, Shuangquan & Liu, Haichao & Zhang, Hainan & Tian, Changqing, 2019. "Experimental investigation on a loop thermosyphon with evaporative condenser for free cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 829-836.
    10. Chen, Qun & Wang, Yi-Fei & Xu, Yun-Chao, 2015. "A thermal resistance-based method for the optimal design of central variable water/air volume chiller systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 119-130.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu, Yun-Chao & Chen, Qun & Guo, Zeng-Yuan, 2015. "Entransy dissipation-based constraint for optimization of heat exchanger networks in thermal systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 696-708.
    2. Andrea Menapace & Simone Santopietro & Rudy Gargano & Maurizio Righetti, 2021. "Stochastic Generation of District Heat Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Wang, Jiangjiang & Deng, Hongda & Qi, Xiaoling, 2022. "Cost-based site and capacity optimization of multi-energy storage system in the regional integrated energy networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).
    4. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    5. Persson, Urban & Wiechers, Eva & Möller, Bernd & Werner, Sven, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 604-622.
    6. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    7. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Werner, Sven & Dyrelund, Anders & Lund, Henrik & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Sorknæs, Peter & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2022. "The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    8. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    9. Mohammadnia, Ali & Iov, Florin & Rasmussen, Morten Karstoft & Nielsen, Mads Pagh, 2024. "Feasibility assessment of next-generation smart district heating networks by intelligent energy management strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    10. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    11. Li, Nianqi & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Sunden, Bengt & Wu, Zan & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2022. "Heat exchanger network synthesis considering detailed thermal-hydraulic performance: Methods and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    12. Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Toktarova, Alla & Breyer, Christian, 2019. "Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Hu, Nan & Li, Zi-Rui & Xu, Zhe-Wen & Fan, Li-Wu, 2022. "Rapid charging for latent heat thermal energy storage: A state-of-the-art review of close-contact melting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    14. Luo, Xianglong & Yi, Zhitong & Zhang, Bingjian & Mo, Songping & Wang, Chao & Song, Mengjie & Chen, Ying, 2017. "Mathematical modelling and optimization of the liquid separation condenser used in organic Rankine cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1309-1323.
    15. Xu, Rong-Hong & Zhao, Tian & Ma, Huan & He, Ke-Lun & Lv, Hong-Kun & Guo, Xu-Tao & Chen, Qun, 2023. "Operation optimization of distributed energy systems considering nonlinear characteristics of multi-energy transport and conversion processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    16. Wirtz, Marco, 2023. "nPro: A web-based planning tool for designing district energy systems and thermal networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    17. Capone, Martina & Guelpa, Elisa & Verda, Vittorio, 2023. "Potential for supply temperature reduction of existing district heating substations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    18. Li, Xiang & Yilmaz, Selin & Patel, Martin K. & Chambers, Jonathan, 2023. "Techno-economic analysis of fifth-generation district heating and cooling combined with seasonal borehole thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    19. Michael-Allan Millar & Bruce Elrick & Greg Jones & Zhibin Yu & Neil M. Burnside, 2020. "Roadblocks to Low Temperature District Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    20. Yang, Huayu & Zhang, Yuhao & Gao, Wenhua & Yan, Bowen & Zhao, Jianxin & Zhang, Hao & Chen, Wei & Fan, Daming, 2021. "Steam replacement strategy using microwave resonance: A future system for continuous-flow heating applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:307:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921015373. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.