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Development and experimental validation of a hydraulic design and control philosophies for 5th generation district heating and cooling networks

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  • Angelidis, Orestis
  • Zinsmeister, Daniel
  • Ioannou, Anastasia
  • Friedrich, Daniel
  • Thomson, Alan
  • Ganslmeier, Ulrich
  • Falcone, Gioia

Abstract

Sector coupling and energy sharing are key elements in effectively decarbonising the thermal grid. 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) provides a system for combining heating and cooling via an ambient temperature network. A main design challenge for 5GDHC is establishing a control regime that allows flow bidirectionality and energy synergies between heating and cooling. This work develops and experimentally validates a 5GDHC system wide hydraulic design and two fitting control strategies on a small scale. One has fixed grid return temperatures (TGridFix) while the other free floating grid temperatures (TGridFloat). Both feature decentralised variable speed pumping and a centralised passive balancing unit aimed at alleviating control instabilities arising from pump hunting. Experiments showed that TGridFix demonstrates slightly higher electrical consumption for the booster heat pump (Seasonal Coefficient of Performance of 3.84 compared to 4.16 for 20 h of operation) due to a mismatch between the evaporator and the grid temperature difference. Overall, TGridFix can lead to low prosumer interaction and better system wide predictability. Further considerations on generalisability of findings and full-scale implementations are highlighted. This works presents a set of detailed and experimentally validated control philosophies for 5GDHC systems, elucidating a key system implementation challenge.

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  • Angelidis, Orestis & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Ioannou, Anastasia & Friedrich, Daniel & Thomson, Alan & Ganslmeier, Ulrich & Falcone, Gioia, 2024. "Development and experimental validation of a hydraulic design and control philosophies for 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:308:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224026094
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.132835
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Simone Buffa & Anton Soppelsa & Mauro Pipiciello & Gregor Henze & Roberto Fedrizzi, 2020. "Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Substations: Demand Response with Artificial Neural Network-Based Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-25, August.
    2. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    3. Angelidis, O. & Ioannou, A. & Friedrich, D. & Thomson, A. & Falcone, G., 2023. "District heating and cooling networks with decentralised energy substations: Opportunities and barriers for holistic energy system decarbonisation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    4. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    5. Robin Zeh & Björn Ohlsen & David Philipp & David Bertermann & Tim Kotz & Nikola Jocić & Volker Stockinger, 2021. "Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems for 5th Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, May.
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    10. Wirtz, Marco & Neumaier, Lisa & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control in 5th generation district heating and cooling networks: An MILP-based operation optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Angelidis, Orestis & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Ioannou, Anastasia & Friedrich, Daniel & Thomson, Alan & Ganslmeier, Ulrich & Falcone, Gioia, 2024. "Development and experimental validation of a hydraulic design and control philosophies for 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
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    1. Angelidis, Orestis & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Ioannou, Anastasia & Friedrich, Daniel & Thomson, Alan & Ganslmeier, Ulrich & Falcone, Gioia, 2024. "Development and experimental validation of a hydraulic design and control philosophies for 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).

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