IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v158y2022ics1364032122000843.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review

Author

Listed:
  • Jodeiri, A.M.
  • Goldsworthy, M.J.
  • Buffa, S.
  • Cozzini, M.

Abstract

As an integrated part of future sustainable energy systems, district heating has been widely established as a convenient solution to provide energy-efficient space heating and sanitary hot water. In the pathway towards decarbonization of district heating, its 4th generation enables integration of high shares of renewable energy sources and waste heat. This article reviews the challenges confronted by such integration, investigating the technical and non-technical difficulties associated with the exploitation of solar thermal, waste heat, geothermal, and biomass energy sources into district heating systems. The study reveals that although solar thermal district heating is a mature technology, optimization of solar field size, location and collector type is still an active research field. In application of waste heat, distance between heat sources and users is often a barrier. Moreover, low-temperature waste heat and low-enthalpy geothermal sources require application of heat pumps. As regards biomass, its theoretical dispatchability is in practice limited by logistical challenges and low flexibility of biomass boilers, mostly relegating it to cover base load only. Thus, biomass does not appear to be a long-term solution for heating purposes, also considering its competing use to produce biofuels (needed for sectors more difficult to decarbonize). Lastly, application of seasonal storage coupled with heat pumps is expected to play a crucial role in maximizing renewable energy use, but its sizing and integration requires dynamic analysis of heat demand as well as of charging and discharging temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Jodeiri, A.M. & Goldsworthy, M.J. & Buffa, S. & Cozzini, M., 2022. "Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:158:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122000843
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112156
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122000843
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112156?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    2. Hesaraki, Arefeh & Holmberg, Sture & Haghighat, Fariborz, 2015. "Seasonal thermal energy storage with heat pumps and low temperatures in building projects—A comparative review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1199-1213.
    3. Hendricks, Aaron M. & Wagner, John E. & Volk, Timothy A. & Newman, David H. & Brown, Tristan R., 2016. "A cost-effective evaluation of biomass district heating in rural communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 561-569.
    4. Ivner, Jenny & Broberg Viklund, Sarah, 2015. "Effect of the use of industrial excess heat in district heating on greenhouse gas emissions: A systems perspective," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 81-87.
    5. Buffa, Simone & Cozzini, Marco & D’Antoni, Matteo & Baratieri, Marco & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2019. "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 504-522.
    6. Köfinger, M. & Schmidt, R.R. & Basciotti, D. & Terreros, O. & Baldvinsson, I. & Mayrhofer, J. & Moser, S. & Tichler, R. & Pauli, H., 2018. "Simulation based evaluation of large scale waste heat utilization in urban district heating networks: Optimized integration and operation of a seasonal storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1161-1174.
    7. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2020. "Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    8. Ozgener, Leyla & Hepbasli, Arif & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2007. "A key review on performance improvement aspects of geothermal district heating systems and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1675-1697, October.
    9. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Liu, Shuli & Shukla, Ashish, 2018. "A state of art review on the district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 420-439.
    10. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2014. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 622-638.
    11. Lygnerud, Kristina & Wheatcroft, Edward & Wynn, Henry, 2019. "Contracts, business models and barriers to investing in low temperature district heating projects," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 101286, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    12. Ieva Pakere & Dace Lauka & Dagnija Blumberga, 2020. "Does the Balance Exist between Cost Efficiency of Different Energy Efficiency Measures? DH Systems Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Wahlroos, Mikko & Pärssinen, Matti & Rinne, Samuli & Syri, Sanna & Manner, Jukka, 2018. "Future views on waste heat utilization – Case of data centers in Northern Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P2), pages 1749-1764.
    14. Rad, Farzin M. & Fung, Alan S., 2016. "Solar community heating and cooling system with borehole thermal energy storage – Review of systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1550-1561.
    15. Huang, Junpeng & Fan, Jianhua & Furbo, Simon, 2019. "Feasibility study on solar district heating in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 53-64.
    16. McKenna, R.C. & Norman, J.B., 2010. "Spatial modelling of industrial heat loads and recovery potentials in the UK," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(10), pages 5878-5891, October.
    17. Lake, Andrew & Rezaie, Behanz & Beyerlein, Steven, 2017. "Review of district heating and cooling systems for a sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 417-425.
    18. Yang, Libing & Entchev, Evgueniy & Rosato, Antonio & Sibilio, Sergio, 2017. "Smart thermal grid with integration of distributed and centralized solar energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 471-481.
    19. Fang, Hao & Xia, Jianjun & Jiang, Yi, 2015. "Key issues and solutions in a district heating system using low-grade industrial waste heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 589-602.
    20. Pakere, Ieva & Gravelsins, Armands & Lauka, Dace & Bazbauers, Gatis & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2021. "Linking energy efficiency policies toward 4th generation district heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    21. Muñoz, Mauricio & Garat, Pablo & Flores-Aqueveque, Valentina & Vargas, Gabriel & Rebolledo, Sofía & Sepúlveda, Sergio & Daniele, Linda & Morata, Diego & Parada, Miguel Ángel, 2015. "Estimating low-enthalpy geothermal energy potential for district heating in Santiago basin–Chile (33.5 °S)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 186-195.
    22. Soltero, V.M. & Chacartegui, R. & Ortiz, C. & Velázquez, R., 2018. "Potential of biomass district heating systems in rural areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 132-143.
    23. Danielewicz, J. & Śniechowska, B. & Sayegh, M.A. & Fidorów, N. & Jouhara, H., 2016. "Three-dimensional numerical model of heat losses from district heating network pre-insulated pipes buried in the ground," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 172-184.
    24. Sayegh, M.A. & Danielewicz, J. & Nannou, T. & Miniewicz, M. & Jadwiszczak, P. & Piekarska, K. & Jouhara, H., 2017. "Trends of European research and development in district heating technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1183-1192.
    25. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Holm, Fridolin Müller & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2018. "Spatiotemporal and economic analysis of industrial excess heat as a resource for district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 715-728.
    26. Aste, Niccolò & Caputo, Paola & Del Pero, Claudio & Ferla, Giulio & Huerto-Cardenas, Harold Enrique & Leonforte, Fabrizio & Miglioli, Alessandro, 2020. "A renewable energy scenario for a new low carbon settlement in northern Italy: Biomass district heating coupled with heat pump and solar photovoltaic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    27. Werner, Sven, 2017. "International review of district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 617-631.
    28. Volkova, Anna & Mašatin, Vladislav & Siirde, Andres, 2018. "Methodology for evaluating the transition process dynamics towards 4th generation district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 253-261.
    29. Rämä, M. & Mohammadi, S., 2017. "Comparison of distributed and centralised integration of solar heat in a district heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 649-660.
    30. Ma, Zheng & Knotzer, Armin & Billanes, Joy Dalmacio & Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard, 2020. "A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    31. Fang, Hao & Xia, Jianjun & Zhu, Kan & Su, Yingbo & Jiang, Yi, 2013. "Industrial waste heat utilization for low temperature district heating," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 236-246.
    32. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2017. "Industrial excess heat for district heating in Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 991-1001.
    33. Li, Yemao & Xia, Jianjun & Fang, Hao & Su, Yingbo & Jiang, Yi, 2016. "Case study on industrial surplus heat of steel plants for district heating in Northern China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 397-405.
    34. Ghaddar, N.K., 1994. "Stratified storage tank influence on performance of solar water heating system tested in Beirut," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 4(8), pages 911-925.
    35. Thorsteinsson, Hildigunnur H. & Tester, Jefferson W., 2010. "Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 803-813, February.
    36. Lygnerud, Kristina & Werner, Sven, 2018. "Risk assessment of industrial excess heat recovery in district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 430-441.
    37. Michael Lanahan & Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco, 2017. "Seasonal Thermal-Energy Storage: A Critical Review on BTES Systems, Modeling, and System Design for Higher System Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-24, May.
    38. Víctor M. Soltero & Ricardo Chacartegui & Carlos Ortiz & Gonzalo Quirosa, 2018. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, November.
    39. Van Erdeweghe, Sarah & Van Bael, Johan & Laenen, Ben & D'haeseleer, William, 2018. "Optimal combined heat-and-power plant for a low-temperature geothermal source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 396-409.
    40. Flynn, Ciarán & Sirén, Kai, 2015. "Influence of location and design on the performance of a solar district heating system equipped with borehole seasonal storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 377-388.
    41. Lindenberger, D & Bruckner, T & Groscurth, H.-M & Kümmel, R, 2000. "Optimization of solar district heating systems: seasonal storage, heat pumps, and cogeneration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(7), pages 591-608.
    42. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Nielsen, Tore Bach & Werner, Sven & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    43. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    44. Persson, U. & Möller, B. & Werner, S., 2014. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Identifying strategic heat synergy regions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 663-681.
    45. Novo, Amaya V. & Bayon, Joseba R. & Castro-Fresno, Daniel & Rodriguez-Hernandez, Jorge, 2010. "Review of seasonal heat storage in large basins: Water tanks and gravel-water pits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 390-397, February.
    46. Huculak, Maciej & Jarczewski, Wojciech & Dej, Magdalena, 2015. "Economic aspects of the use of deep geothermal heat in district heating in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 29-40.
    47. Tian, Zhiyong & Perers, Bengt & Furbo, Simon & Fan, Jianhua, 2017. "Annual measured and simulated thermal performance analysis of a hybrid solar district heating plant with flat plate collectors and parabolic trough collectors in series," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 417-427.
    48. Ebrahimi, Khosrow & Jones, Gerard F. & Fleischer, Amy S., 2015. "Thermo-economic analysis of steady state waste heat recovery in data centers using absorption refrigeration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 384-397.
    49. Wahlroos, Mikko & Pärssinen, Matti & Manner, Jukka & Syri, Sanna, 2017. "Utilizing data center waste heat in district heating – Impacts on energy efficiency and prospects for low-temperature district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 1228-1238.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mitterrutzner, Benjamin & Callegher, Claudio Zandonella & Fraboni, Riccardo & Wilczynski, Eric & Pezzutto, Simon, 2023. "Review of heating and cooling technologies for buildings: A techno-economic case study of eleven European countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    2. Guo, Yurun & Wang, Shugang & Wang, Jihong & Zhang, Tengfei & Ma, Zhenjun & Jiang, Shuang, 2024. "Key district heating technologies for building energy flexibility: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    3. Tomc, Urban & Nosan, Simon & Vidrih, Boris & Bogić, Simon & Navickaite, Kristina & Vozel, Katja & Bobič, Miha & Kitanovski, Andrej, 2024. "Small demonstrator of a thermoelectric heat-pump booster for an ultra-low-temperature district-heating substation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    4. Young-Jik Youn & Yong-Hoon Im, 2022. "Technical Feasibility Assessment for a Novel Fifth-Generation District Heating Model of Interconnected Operation with a Large-Scale Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-30, October.
    5. Jan Stock & André Xhonneux & Dirk Müller, 2022. "Framework for the Automated Identification of Possible District Heating Separations to Utilise Present Heat Sources Based on Existing Network Topology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-31, November.
    6. Bogdanovics, Raimonds & Zemitis, Jurgis & Zajacs, Aleksandrs & Borodinecs, Anatolijs, 2024. "Small-scale district heating system as heat storage for decentralized solar thermal collectors during non-heating period," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    7. Ling Cheng & Zesheng Yu & Shiyao Xia & Shixuan Li & Ye Li & Huan Zhang & Bin Li & Sirui Zhang & Zijian Liu & Wandong Zheng, 2022. "Evaluation and Optimization of heat Pump Combined District Heating System: A Case Study of China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-24, October.
    8. Abdul Ghani Olabi & Nabila Shehata & Hussein M. Maghrabie & Lobna A. Heikal & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem & Shek Mohammod Atiqure Rahman & Sheikh Khaleduzzaman Shah & Enas Taha Sayed, 2022. "Progress in Solar Thermal Systems and Their Role in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-31, December.
    9. Sorknæs, Peter & Nielsen, Steffen & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Moreno, Diana & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck, 2022. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating and energy efficient datacentres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    10. Xu, Nian & Liu, Zilong & Yu, Xinyu & Gao, Jian & Chu, Huaqiang, 2024. "Processes, models and the influencing factors for enhanced boiling heat transfer in porous structures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    11. Jerez Monsalves, Juan & Bergaentzlé, Claire & Keles, Dogan, 2023. "Impacts of flexible-cooling and waste-heat recovery from data centres on energy systems: A Danish case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    12. Ieva Pakere & Dagnija Blumberga & Anna Volkova & Kertu Lepiksaar & Agate Zirne, 2023. "Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.
    13. Dino, Giuseppe Edoardo & Catrini, Pietro & Buscemi, Alessandro & Piacentino, Antonio & Palomba, Valeria & Frazzica, Andrea, 2023. "Modeling of a bidirectional substation in a district heating network: Validation, dynamic analysis, and application to a solar prosumer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    14. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    15. Pakere, Ieva & Feofilovs, Maksims & Lepiksaar, Kertu & Vītoliņš, Valdis & Blumberga, Dagnija, 2023. "Multi-source district heating system full decarbonization strategies: Technical, economic, and environmental assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    16. Abdelsalam, Mohamed Y. & Friedrich, Kelton & Mohamed, Saber & Chebeir, Jorge & Lakhian, Vickram & Sullivan, Brendan & Abdalla, Ahmed & Van Ryn, Jessica & Girard, Jeffrey & Lightstone, Marilyn F. & Buc, 2023. "Integrated community energy and harvesting systems: A climate action strategy for cold climates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    17. Fabian Ochs & Mara Magni & Georgios Dermentzis, 2022. "Integration of Heat Pumps in Buildings and District Heating Systems—Evaluation on a Building and Energy System Level," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-33, May.
    18. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2023. "A comparative thermoeconomic analysis of fourth generation and fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    19. Obika, Echezona & Heberle, Florian & Brüggemann, Dieter, 2024. "Thermodynamic analysis of novel mixtures including siloxanes and cyclic hydrocarbons for high-temperature heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    20. Manz, Pia & Billerbeck, Anna & Kök, Ali & Fallahnejad, Mostafa & Fleiter, Tobias & Kranzl, Lukas & Braungardt, Sibylle & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2024. "Spatial analysis of renewable and excess heat potentials for climate-neutral district heating in Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    21. Moreno, Diana & Nielsen, Steffen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2024. "Exploring the location and use of baseload district heating supply. What can current heat sources tell us about future opportunities?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    22. Kumar, Shravan & Thakur, Jagruti & Gardumi, Francesco, 2022. "Techno-economic modelling and optimisation of excess heat and cold recovery for industries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    23. Veyron, Mathilde & Voirand, Antoine & Mion, Nicolas & Maragna, Charles & Mugnier, Daniel & Clausse, Marc, 2022. "Dynamic exergy and economic assessment of the implementation of seasonal underground thermal energy storage in existing solar district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    2. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    4. Beatriz María Paredes-Sánchez & José Pablo Paredes & Natalia Caparrini & Elena Rivo-López, 2021. "Analysis of District Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Spain: Resources, Technology and Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Anna Grzegórska & Piotr Rybarczyk & Valdas Lukoševičius & Joanna Sobczak & Andrzej Rogala, 2021. "Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-25, January.
    6. Werner, Sven, 2017. "International review of district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 617-631.
    7. Guelpa, Elisa & Verda, Vittorio, 2019. "Thermal energy storage in district heating and cooling systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Lyden, A. & Brown, C.S. & Kolo, I. & Falcone, G. & Friedrich, D., 2022. "Seasonal thermal energy storage in smart energy systems: District-level applications and modelling approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    9. Wheatcroft, Edward & Wynn, Henry P. & Lygnerud, Kristina & Bonvicini, Giorgio & Bonvicini, Giorgio & Lenote, Daniela, 2020. "The role of low temperature waste heat recovery in achieving 2050 goals: a policy positioning paper," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 104136, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Li, Haoran & Hou, Juan & Hong, Tianzhen & Ding, Yuemin & Nord, Natasa, 2021. "Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of integration of thermal energy storage into district heating systems using waste heat from data centres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    11. Edward Wheatcroft & Henry Wynn & Kristina Lygnerud & Giorgio Bonvicini & Daniela Leonte, 2020. "The Role of Low Temperature Waste Heat Recovery in Achieving 2050 Goals: A Policy Positioning Paper," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    12. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    13. Lygnerud, Kristina & Werner, Sven, 2018. "Risk assessment of industrial excess heat recovery in district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 430-441.
    14. Persson, Urban & Wiechers, Eva & Möller, Bernd & Werner, Sven, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 604-622.
    15. Renaldi, Renaldi & Friedrich, Daniel, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis of a solar district heating system with seasonal thermal storage in the UK," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 388-400.
    16. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Smith, Kevin Michael & Tunzi, Michele & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    17. Manz, Pia & Billerbeck, Anna & Kök, Ali & Fallahnejad, Mostafa & Fleiter, Tobias & Kranzl, Lukas & Braungardt, Sibylle & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2024. "Spatial analysis of renewable and excess heat potentials for climate-neutral district heating in Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    18. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    19. Yuan, Meng & Vad Mathiesen, Brian & Schneider, Noémi & Xia, Jianjun & Zheng, Wen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Lipeng, 2024. "Renewable energy and waste heat recovery in district heating systems in China: A systematic review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    20. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2020. "Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:158:y:2022:i:c:s1364032122000843. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.