IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i10p5442-d553650.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of District Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Spain: Resources, Technology and Management

Author

Listed:
  • Beatriz María Paredes-Sánchez

    (School of Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering of Oviedo (EIMEM), University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain)

  • José Pablo Paredes

    (School of Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering of Oviedo (EIMEM), University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain)

  • Natalia Caparrini

    (Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain)

  • Elena Rivo-López

    (Department of Business Organization and Marketing, Faculty of Business and Tourism, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain)

Abstract

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems play an important role under the new European Union (EU) energy transition strategy. Thermal energy networks are helping to stimulate the development of alternative technologies based on a broad range of renewable energy sources. The present study analysed the current situation of DHC systems in Spain and provides an overview of the challenges and future opportunities that their use will entail. Its objective is to assess thermal energy conversion and management from a holistic perspective, including a study of existing energy infrastructures. The focus of this study lies on Spain given the country’s abundance of natural resources such as renewable energy sources including solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy, among others, as well as its strategic location on the map of the EU. Based on the analysis of the three factors for energy conversion in a district heating system, namely resources, technology, and management, the methodology provided an assessment of the different factors involved in running a DHC system. The results show an estimated total production for DHC networks of 1448 MW th , of which 72% is supplied purely by renewable energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatriz María Paredes-Sánchez & José Pablo Paredes & Natalia Caparrini & Elena Rivo-López, 2021. "Analysis of District Heating and Cooling Energy Systems in Spain: Resources, Technology and Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:10:p:5442-:d:553650
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5442/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/10/5442/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    2. Liu, Mingxi & Shi, Yang & Fang, Fang, 2014. "Combined cooling, heating and power systems: A survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 1-22.
    3. Hagos, Dejene Assefa & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Bolkesjø, Torjus Folsland, 2017. "The prospects of bioenergy in the future energy system of Inland Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 78-91.
    4. Buffa, Simone & Cozzini, Marco & D’Antoni, Matteo & Baratieri, Marco & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2019. "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 504-522.
    5. Ozgener, Leyla & Hepbasli, Arif & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2007. "A key review on performance improvement aspects of geothermal district heating systems and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1675-1697, October.
    6. Mazhar, Abdur Rehman & Liu, Shuli & Shukla, Ashish, 2018. "A state of art review on the district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 420-439.
    7. Huang, Junpeng & Fan, Jianhua & Furbo, Simon, 2019. "Feasibility study on solar district heating in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 53-64.
    8. Averfalk, Helge & Ingvarsson, Paul & Persson, Urban & Gong, Mei & Werner, Sven, 2017. "Large heat pumps in Swedish district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1275-1284.
    9. Lake, Andrew & Rezaie, Behanz & Beyerlein, Steven, 2017. "Review of district heating and cooling systems for a sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 417-425.
    10. Beatriz M. Paredes-Sánchez & José P. Paredes-Sánchez & Paulino J. García-Nieto, 2020. "Energy Multiphase Model for Biocoal Conversion Systems by Means of a Nodal Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, May.
    11. Levihn, Fabian, 2017. "CHP and heat pumps to balance renewable power production: Lessons from the district heating network in Stockholm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 670-678.
    12. Sayegh, M.A. & Danielewicz, J. & Nannou, T. & Miniewicz, M. & Jadwiszczak, P. & Piekarska, K. & Jouhara, H., 2017. "Trends of European research and development in district heating technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1183-1192.
    13. Werner, Sven, 2017. "International review of district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 617-631.
    14. Volkova, Anna & Mašatin, Vladislav & Siirde, Andres, 2018. "Methodology for evaluating the transition process dynamics towards 4th generation district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 253-261.
    15. Rezaie, Behnaz & Rosen, Marc A., 2012. "District heating and cooling: Review of technology and potential enhancements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 2-10.
    16. Hast, Aira & Syri, Sanna & Lekavičius, Vidas & Galinis, Arvydas, 2018. "District heating in cities as a part of low-carbon energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 627-639.
    17. Ioan Sarbu & Calin Sebarchievici, 2018. "A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-32, January.
    18. Thorsteinsson, Hildigunnur H. & Tester, Jefferson W., 2010. "Barriers and enablers to geothermal district heating system development in the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 803-813, February.
    19. Lucia, Umberto, 2016. "Econophysics and bio-chemical engineering thermodynamics: The exergetic analysis of a municipality," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 421-430.
    20. Li, Yan & Fu, Lin & Zhang, Shuyan, 2015. "Technology application of district heating system with Co-generation based on absorption heat exchange," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 663-670.
    21. Parameshwaran, R. & Kalaiselvam, S. & Harikrishnan, S. & Elayaperumal, A., 2012. "Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies for buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2394-2433.
    22. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    23. Vandermeulen, Annelies & van der Heijde, Bram & Helsen, Lieve, 2018. "Controlling district heating and cooling networks to unlock flexibility: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 103-115.
    24. Jana, Kuntal & Ray, Avishek & Majoumerd, Mohammad Mansouri & Assadi, Mohsen & De, Sudipta, 2017. "Polygeneration as a future sustainable energy solution – A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 88-111.
    25. Prasanna, Ashreeta & Dorer, Viktor & Vetterli, Nadège, 2017. "Optimisation of a district energy system with a low temperature network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 632-648.
    26. Curtin, Joseph & McInerney, Celine & Ó Gallachóir, Brian, 2017. "Financial incentives to mobilise local citizens as investors in low-carbon technologies: A systematic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 534-547.
    27. Huculak, Maciej & Jarczewski, Wojciech & Dej, Magdalena, 2015. "Economic aspects of the use of deep geothermal heat in district heating in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 29-40.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Ximei & Gao, Jianmin & Chen, Bingyuan & You, Shi & Zheng, Yi & Du, Qian & Qin, Yukun, 2023. "Multi-objective optimization of district heating systems with turbine-driving fans and pumps considering economic, exergic, and environmental aspects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    2. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    3. Paredes, B.M. & Paredes, J.P. & García, R., 2023. "Integration of biocoal in distributed energy systems: A potential case study in the Spanish coal-mining regions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    4. Zheming Tong & Jiage Xin & Chengzhen Ling, 2021. "Many-Objective Hybrid Optimization Method for Impeller Profile Design of Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump in District Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-19, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jodeiri, A.M. & Goldsworthy, M.J. & Buffa, S. & Cozzini, M., 2022. "Role of sustainable heat sources in transition towards fourth generation district heating – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    3. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Ban, Marko & Pukšec, Tomislav & Duić, Neven, 2020. "Impact of wind penetration in electricity markets on optimal power-to-heat capacities in a local district heating system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    4. Wang, Yang & Zhang, Shanhong & Chow, David & Kuckelkorn, Jens M., 2021. "Evaluation and optimization of district energy network performance: Present and future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    5. Alessandro Guzzini & Marco Pellegrini & Edoardo Pelliconi & Cesare Saccani, 2020. "Low Temperature District Heating: An Expert Opinion Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-34, February.
    6. Munćan, Vladimir & Mujan, Igor & Macura, Dušan & Anđelković, Aleksandar S., 2024. "The state of district heating and cooling in Europe - A literature-based assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    7. Ma, Zheng & Knotzer, Armin & Billanes, Joy Dalmacio & Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard, 2020. "A literature review of energy flexibility in district heating with a survey of the stakeholders’ participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    8. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    9. Persson, Urban & Wiechers, Eva & Möller, Bernd & Werner, Sven, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 604-622.
    10. Boldrini, A. & Jiménez Navarro, J.P. & Crijns-Graus, W.H.J. & van den Broek, M.A., 2022. "The role of district heating systems to provide balancing services in the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    11. Chicherin, Stanislav, 2020. "Methodology for analyzing operation data for optimum district heating (DH) system design: Ten-year data of Omsk, Russia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    12. Stanislav Chicherin & Vladislav Mašatin & Andres Siirde & Anna Volkova, 2020. "Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, September.
    13. Sommer, Tobias & Sulzer, Matthias & Wetter, Michael & Sotnikov, Artem & Mennel, Stefan & Stettler, Christoph, 2020. "The reservoir network: A new network topology for district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    14. Kuntuarova, Saltanat & Licklederer, Thomas & Huynh, Thanh & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Hamacher, Thomas & Perić, Vedran, 2024. "Design and simulation of district heating networks: A review of modeling approaches and tools," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    15. Yao, Shuai & Wu, Jianzhong & Qadrdan, Meysam, 2024. "A state-of-the-art analysis and perspectives on the 4th/5th generation district heating and cooling systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    16. Lyden, A. & Brown, C.S. & Kolo, I. & Falcone, G. & Friedrich, D., 2022. "Seasonal thermal energy storage in smart energy systems: District-level applications and modelling approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    17. Gjoka, Kristian & Rismanchi, Behzad & Crawford, Robert H., 2023. "Fifth-generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of recent advancements and implementation barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    18. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Smith, Kevin Michael & Tunzi, Michele & Svendsen, Svend, 2022. "Low-temperature operation of heating systems to enable 4th generation district heating: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    19. Pardo-Bosch, Francesc & Blanco, Ana & Mendoza, Nora & Libreros, Bibiana & Tejedor, Blanca & Pujadas, Pablo, 2023. "Sustainable deployment of energy efficient district heating: city business model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    20. Sayegh, M.A. & Danielewicz, J. & Nannou, T. & Miniewicz, M. & Jadwiszczak, P. & Piekarska, K. & Jouhara, H., 2017. "Trends of European research and development in district heating technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 1183-1192.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:10:p:5442-:d:553650. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.