IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v239y2022ipes0360544221026657.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power transformers as excess heat sources – a case study for Denmark

Author

Listed:
  • Petrović, Stefan
  • Bühler, Fabian
  • Radoman, Uroš
  • McKenna, Russell

Abstract

Large-scale heat pumps (HPs), biomass CHPs and excess heat (EH) from industry and data centres are promising district heating (DH) sources. Electricity and thus power transformers (PTs) will be an important part of the future energy system, which opens the possibility to use the thermal losses occurring in PTs for DH. The present paper analyses high voltage PTs in Denmark as DH sources. First, we employ a thermodynamic model of PTs to determine the EH they produce. Subsequently, we analyse thermodynamic properties of heat exchangers and HPs necessary to utilise EH for DH. Finally, we perform a GIS analysis to link the PTs with specific DH networks. From the theoretical amount of excess heat from power transformers (EHPT) available for DH of 0.28 TWh per year, 0.12 TWh or 0.5% of Danish DH demand can reach the consumers. 0.07-0.21 GWh can reach the consumers below the average DH price. The entire EHPT potential can be utilised through HPs, working with an average COP of 4. The sensitivity analysis showed that the EHPT can supply up to 2.26% of the Danish DH demand. Therefore, EHPT is a relatively small DH source on the national scale but could be an important local option.

Suggested Citation

  • Petrović, Stefan & Bühler, Fabian & Radoman, Uroš & McKenna, Russell, 2022. "Power transformers as excess heat sources – a case study for Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pe:s0360544221026657
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122416
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221026657
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122416?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Karlsson, Kenneth B. & Petrović, Stefan N. & Næraa, Rikke, 2016. "Heat supply planning for the ecological housing community Munksøgård," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1733-1747.
    2. Münster, Marie & Morthorst, Poul Erik & Larsen, Helge V. & Bregnbæk, Lars & Werling, Jesper & Lindboe, Hans Henrik & Ravn, Hans, 2012. "The role of district heating in the future Danish energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 47-55.
    3. Lester, Mason Scott & Bramstoft, Rasmus & Münster, Marie, 2020. "Analysis on Electrofuels in Future Energy Systems: A 2050 Case Study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    4. Orosz, Ákos & Friedler, Ferenc, 2020. "Multiple-solution heat exchanger network synthesis for enabling the best industrial implementation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    5. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Holm, Fridolin Müller & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2018. "Spatiotemporal and economic analysis of industrial excess heat as a resource for district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 715-728.
    6. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Karlsson, Kenneth, 2011. "100% Renewable energy systems, climate mitigation and economic growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 488-501, February.
    7. Lund, H. & Möller, B. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Dyrelund, A., 2010. "The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1381-1390.
    8. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    9. Möller, Bernd & Lund, Henrik, 2010. "Conversion of individual natural gas to district heating: Geographical studies of supply costs and consequences for the Danish energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(6), pages 1846-1857, June.
    10. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    11. Bramstoft, Rasmus & Pizarro-Alonso, Amalia & Jensen, Ida Græsted & Ravn, Hans & Münster, Marie, 2020. "Modelling of renewable gas and renewable liquid fuels in future integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    12. Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Elmegaard, Brian, 2014. "Heat pumps in combined heat and power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 989-1000.
    13. Giampieri, Alessandro & Ma, Zhiwei & Ling Chin, Janie & Smallbone, Andrew & Lyons, Padraig & Khan, Imad & Hemphill, Stephen & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis of the thermal energy saving options for high-voltage direct current interconnectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 60-77.
    14. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    15. Fabian Bühler & Stefan Petrović & Torben Ommen & Fridolin Müller Holm & Henrik Pieper & Brian Elmegaard, 2018. "Identification and Evaluation of Cases for Excess Heat Utilisation Using GIS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, March.
    16. Petrović, Stefan & Colangelo, Alessandro & Balyk, Olexandr & Delmastro, Chiara & Gargiulo, Maurizio & Simonsen, Mikkel Bosack & Karlsson, Kenneth, 2020. "The role of data centres in the future Danish energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    17. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2017. "Industrial excess heat for district heating in Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 991-1001.
    18. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Connolly, David, 2012. "Limiting biomass consumption for heating in 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 160-168.
    19. Venturini, Giada & Pizarro-Alonso, Amalia & Münster, Marie, 2019. "How to maximise the value of residual biomass resources: The case of straw in Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 369-388.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ieva Pakere & Dagnija Blumberga & Anna Volkova & Kertu Lepiksaar & Agate Zirne, 2023. "Valorisation of Waste Heat in Existing and Future District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2017. "Industrial excess heat for district heating in Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 991-1001.
    3. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Holm, Fridolin Müller & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2018. "Spatiotemporal and economic analysis of industrial excess heat as a resource for district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 715-728.
    4. Moreno, Diana & Nielsen, Steffen & Sorknæs, Peter & Lund, Henrik & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2024. "Exploring the location and use of baseload district heating supply. What can current heat sources tell us about future opportunities?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    5. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    6. Lake, Andrew & Rezaie, Behanz & Beyerlein, Steven, 2017. "Review of district heating and cooling systems for a sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 417-425.
    7. Petrović, Stefan N. & Karlsson, Kenneth B., 2016. "Residential heat pumps in the future Danish energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 787-797.
    8. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    9. Johansen, Katinka & Werner, Sven, 2022. "Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    10. Sorknæs, Peter & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik & Nielsen, Steffen & Djørup, Søren & Sperling, Karl, 2020. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    11. Grundahl, Lars & Nielsen, Steffen & Lund, Henrik & Möller, Bernd, 2016. "Comparison of district heating expansion potential based on consumer-economy or socio-economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1771-1778.
    12. Wirtz, Marco & Kivilip, Lukas & Remmen, Peter & Müller, Dirk, 2020. "5th Generation District Heating: A novel design approach based on mathematical optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    13. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    14. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    15. Sifnaios, Ioannis & Sneum, Daniel Møller & Jensen, Adam R. & Fan, Jianhua & Bramstoft, Rasmus, 2023. "The impact of large-scale thermal energy storage in the energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    16. Popovski, Eftim & Fleiter, Tobias & Santos, Hugo & Leal, Vitor & Fernandes, Eduardo Oliveira, 2018. "Technical and economic feasibility of sustainable heating and cooling supply options in southern European municipalities-A case study for Matosinhos, Portugal," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 311-323.
    17. Nis Bertelsen & Brian Vad Mathiesen, 2020. "EU-28 Residential Heat Supply and Consumption: Historical Development and Status," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-21, April.
    18. Aoun, Nadine & Bavière, Roland & Vallée, Mathieu & Aurousseau, Antoine & Sandou, Guillaume, 2019. "Modelling and flexible predictive control of buildings space-heating demand in district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    19. Calikus, Ece & Nowaczyk, Sławomir & Sant'Anna, Anita & Gadd, Henrik & Werner, Sven, 2019. "A data-driven approach for discovering heat load patterns in district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    20. Steffen Nielsen & Kenneth Hansen & Rasmus Lund & Diana Moreno, 2020. "Unconventional Excess Heat Sources for District Heating in a National Energy System Context," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pe:s0360544221026657. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.