IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v230y2021ics0360544221009919.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Method of linear approximation of COP for heat pumps and chillers based on thermodynamic modelling and off-design operation

Author

Listed:
  • Pieper, Henrik
  • Krupenski, Igor
  • Brix Markussen, Wiebke
  • Ommen, Torben
  • Siirde, Andres
  • Volkova, Anna

Abstract

Often, simple estimates of the coefficient of performance (COP) for heat pumps (HPs) and chillers are used. Depending on the purpose, this may not be sufficient. There are more accurate methods for determining COP, but they may not be used due to complexity, nonlinearity, or limited application of advanced COP estimation methods. Here, we present a new COP approximation method suitable for HPs and chillers. It is based on linear relationships and was developed from a thermodynamic two-stage HP model for design and off-design operation using ammonia as a refrigerant. This approximation method was then applied to a case study investigating the potential of district heating supplied by HPs in Tallinn, Estonia. Groundwater, sewage water, seawater, river water, lake water, and a district cooling return line were explored as potential heat sources. The results show a deviation in COP of less than 1.5% compared to the thermodynamic model. Annual calculations show the applicability of the COP approximation method for calculating hourly COPs at different heat source and heat sink temperatures, as well as changing heat loads, seasonal COP, heat demand ratio, and hourly Lorenz efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Pieper, Henrik & Krupenski, Igor & Brix Markussen, Wiebke & Ommen, Torben & Siirde, Andres & Volkova, Anna, 2021. "Method of linear approximation of COP for heat pumps and chillers based on thermodynamic modelling and off-design operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:230:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221009919
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120743
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221009919
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120743?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    2. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2021. "Variable taxes promoting district heating heat pump flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    3. Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Elmegaard, Brian, 2014. "Heat pumps in combined heat and power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 989-1000.
    4. Werner, Sven, 2016. "European space cooling demands," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 148-156.
    5. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2020. "Economic benefits of fourth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    6. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2016. "Booster heat pumps and central heat pumps in district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1374-1388.
    7. Jensen, Jonas K. & Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke B. & Elmegaard, Brian, 2017. "Design of serially connected district heating heat pumps utilising a geothermal heat source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 865-877.
    8. Jangsten, Maria & Filipsson, Peter & Lindholm, Torbjörn & Dalenbäck, Jan-Olof, 2020. "High Temperature District Cooling: Challenges and Possibilities Based on an Existing District Cooling System and its Connected Buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    9. Jesper, Mateo & Schlosser, Florian & Pag, Felix & Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Schmitt, Bastian & Vajen, Klaus, 2021. "Large-scale heat pumps: Uptake and performance modelling of market-available devices," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    10. Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Rosales-Asensio, Enrique & Borge-Diez, David & Blanes-Peiró, Jorge-Juan, 2016. "District heating and cogeneration in the EU-28: Current situation, potential and proposed energy strategy for its generalisation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 621-639.
    11. Oluleye, Gbemi & Jiang, Ning & Smith, Robin & Jobson, Megan, 2017. "A novel screening framework for waste heat utilization technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 367-381.
    12. Gang, Wenjie & Wang, Shengwei & Xiao, Fu & Gao, Dian-ce, 2016. "District cooling systems: Technology integration, system optimization, challenges and opportunities for applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 253-264.
    13. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2018. "Economic feasibility of booster heat pumps in heat pump-based district heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 921-929.
    14. Leitner, Benedikt & Widl, Edmund & Gawlik, Wolfgang & Hofmann, René, 2019. "A method for technical assessment of power-to-heat use cases to couple local district heating and electrical distribution grids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 729-738.
    15. Andrei David & Brian Vad Mathiesen & Helge Averfalk & Sven Werner & Henrik Lund, 2017. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Large-Scale Electric Heat Pumps in District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Volkova, Anna & Mašatin, Vladislav & Siirde, Andres, 2018. "Methodology for evaluating the transition process dynamics towards 4th generation district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 253-261.
    17. Inayat, Abrar & Raza, Mohsin, 2019. "District cooling system via renewable energy sources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 360-373.
    18. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Connolly, David & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2017. "Smart energy and smart energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 556-565.
    19. Kontu, K. & Rinne, S. & Junnila, S., 2019. "Introducing modern heat pumps to existing district heating systems – Global lessons from viable decarbonizing of district heating in Finland," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 862-870.
    20. Arpagaus, Cordin & Bless, Frédéric & Uhlmann, Michael & Schiffmann, Jürg & Bertsch, Stefan S., 2018. "High temperature heat pumps: Market overview, state of the art, research status, refrigerants, and application potentials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 985-1010.
    21. Oluleye, Gbemi & Smith, Robin & Jobson, Megan, 2016. "Modelling and screening heat pump options for the exploitation of low grade waste heat in process sites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 267-286.
    22. Sorknæs, Peter & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik & Nielsen, Steffen & Djørup, Søren & Sperling, Karl, 2020. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    23. Pieper, Henrik & Ommen, Torben & Kjær Jensen, Jonas & Elmegaard, Brian & Brix Markussen, Wiebke, 2020. "Comparison of COP estimation methods for large-scale heat pumps used in energy planning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    24. Schlosser, F. & Jesper, M. & Vogelsang, J. & Walmsley, T.G. & Arpagaus, C. & Hesselbach, J., 2020. "Large-scale heat pumps: Applications, performance, economic feasibility and industrial integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    25. Rinne, S. & Syri, S., 2013. "Heat pumps versus combined heat and power production as CO2 reduction measures in Finland," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 308-318.
    26. Lund, Henrik & Werner, Sven & Wiltshire, Robin & Svendsen, Svend & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2014. "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 1-11.
    27. Hedegaard, Karsten & Balyk, Olexandr, 2013. "Energy system investment model incorporating heat pumps with thermal storage in buildings and buffer tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 356-365.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yan, Biao & Yang, Wansheng & He, Fuquan & Huang, Kehua & Zeng, Wenhao & Zhang, Wenlong & Ye, Haiseng, 2022. "Strategical district cooling system operation in hub airport terminals, a research focusing on COVID-19 pandemic impact," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    2. Castillejo-Cuberos, A. & Cardemil, J.M. & Escobar, R., 2023. "Techno-economic assessment of photovoltaic plants considering high temporal resolution and non-linear dynamics of battery storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    2. Volkova, A. & Koduvere, H. & Pieper, H., 2022. "Large-scale heat pumps for district heating systems in the Baltics: Potential and impact," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    4. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Nielsen, Tore Bach & Werner, Sven & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    5. Michele Tunzi & Matthieu Ruysschaert & Svend Svendsen & Kevin Michael Smith, 2020. "Double Loop Network for Combined Heating and Cooling in Low Heat Density Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-24, November.
    6. Pieper, Henrik & Ommen, Torben & Elmegaard, Brian & Brix Markussen, Wiebke, 2019. "Assessment of a combination of three heat sources for heat pumps to supply district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 156-170.
    7. Pieper, Henrik & Ommen, Torben & Kjær Jensen, Jonas & Elmegaard, Brian & Brix Markussen, Wiebke, 2020. "Comparison of COP estimation methods for large-scale heat pumps used in energy planning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    8. Martina Capone & Elisa Guelpa & Vittorio Verda, 2023. "Optimal Installation of Heat Pumps in Large District Heating Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Sorknæs, Peter & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik & Nielsen, Steffen & Djørup, Søren & Sperling, Karl, 2020. "The benefits of 4th generation district heating in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    10. Selva Calixto & Marco Cozzini & Giampaolo Manzolini, 2021. "Modelling of an Existing Neutral Temperature District Heating Network: Detailed and Approximate Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    12. Sommer, Tobias & Sotnikov, Artem & Sulzer, Matthias & Scholz, Volkher & Mischler, Stefan & Rismanchi, Behzad & Gjoka, Kristian & Mennel, Stefan, 2022. "Hydrothermal challenges in low-temperature networks with distributed heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    13. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N. & Sorknæs, Peter, 2022. "The business-economic energy system modelling tool energyPRO," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    14. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
    15. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Loveridge, Fleur, 2022. "The future role of energy geostructures in fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    16. Nielsen, Tore Bach & Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Duic, Neven & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on energy efficiency and smart energy systems from the 5th SESAAU2019 conference," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    17. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Chang, Miguel & Werner, Sven & Svendsen, Svend & Sorknæs, Peter & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Hvelplund, Frede & Mortensen, Bent Ole Gram & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Boje, 2018. "The status of 4th generation district heating: Research and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 147-159.
    18. Johansen, Katinka & Werner, Sven, 2022. "Something is sustainable in the state of Denmark: A review of the Danish district heating sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    19. Guelpa, Elisa & Bischi, Aldo & Verda, Vittorio & Chertkov, Michael & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 2-21.
    20. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2021. "Variable taxes promoting district heating heat pump flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:230:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221009919. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.