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A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

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  1. Ioannis Skouros & Athanasios Karlis, 2020. "A Study on the V2G Technology Incorporation in a DC Nanogrid and on the Provision of Voltage Regulation to the Power Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-23, May.
  2. Lasse Fridstrøm, 2021. "The Norwegian Vehicle Electrification Policy and Its Implicit Price of Carbon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, January.
  3. Khairy Sayed & Abdulaziz Almutairi & Naif Albagami & Omar Alrumayh & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Hedra Saleeb, 2022. "A Review of DC-AC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-32, February.
  4. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
  5. Viviana Cigolotti & Matteo Genovese & Petronilla Fragiacomo, 2021. "Comprehensive Review on Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications as Sustainable and Efficient Poly-Generation Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-28, August.
  6. Jemma J. Makrygiorgou & Antonio T. Alexandridis, 2019. "Power Electronic Control Design for Stable EV Motor and Battery Operation during a Route," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, May.
  7. Theodoros A. Skouras & Panagiotis K. Gkonis & Charalampos N. Ilias & Panagiotis T. Trakadas & Eleftherios G. Tsampasis & Theodore V. Zahariadis, 2019. "Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-16, December.
  8. Dorin Petreus & Radu Etz & Toma Patarau & Ionut Ciocan, 2020. "Comprehensive Analysis of a High-Power Density Phase-Shift Full Bridge Converter Highlighting the Effects of the Parasitic Capacitances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
  9. Halden, Ugur & Cali, Umit, 2024. "Exploiting green energy potential via FinTech: The role of DLT-based crowdfunding in PV and ESS investments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  10. Bai, Shengxi & Liu, Chunhua, 2021. "Overview of energy harvesting and emission reduction technologies in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
  11. Andreas Coester & Marjan Hofkes & Elissaios Papyrakis, "undated". "Cross-border Electricity Transfers in the case of differentiated Renewable Energy Sources: A Simulation Analysis for Germany and Spain," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 22-043/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
  12. Chengfei Geng & Fengyou He & Jingwei Zhang & Hongsheng Hu, 2017. "Partial Stray Inductance Modeling and Measuring of Asymmetrical Parallel Branches on the Bus-Bar of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
  13. Naoui Mohamed & Flah Aymen & Abdullah Altamimi & Zafar A. Khan & Sbita Lassaad, 2022. "Power Management and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, and Battery Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, February.
  14. Halise Kilicoglu & Pietro Tricoli, 2023. "Technical Review and Survey of Future Trends of Power Converters for Fast-Charging Stations of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, July.
  15. Yuqing Yao & Chunhua Liu & Christopher H.T. Lee, 2018. "Quantitative Comparisons of Six-Phase Outer-Rotor Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machines for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
  16. Vasileios Boglou & Christos-Spyridon Karavas & Konstantinos Arvanitis & Athanasios Karlis, 2020. "A Fuzzy Energy Management Strategy for the Coordination of Electric Vehicle Charging in Low Voltage Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-34, July.
  17. Zhou, Wenbin & Cleaver, Christopher J. & Dunant, Cyrille F. & Allwood, Julian M. & Lin, Jianguo, 2023. "Cost, range anxiety and future electricity supply: A review of how today's technology trends may influence the future uptake of BEVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  18. Danijel Pavković & Mihael Cipek & Zdenko Kljaić & Tomislav Josip Mlinarić & Mario Hrgetić & Davor Zorc, 2018. "Damping Optimum-Based Design of Control Strategy Suitable for Battery/Ultracapacitor Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-26, October.
  19. Andrzej Łebkowski, 2018. "Steam and Oxyhydrogen Addition Influence on Energy Usage by Range Extender—Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
  20. Van Can Nguyen & Chi-Tai Wang & Ying-Jiun Hsieh, 2021. "Electrification of Highway Transportation with Solar and Wind Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-28, May.
  21. Dan-Bi Bak & Jae-Seok Bak & Sung-Yul Kim, 2018. "Strategies for Implementing Public Service Electric Bus Lines by Charging Type in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, September.
  22. Laird, Cary & Kang, Ziliang & James, Kai A. & Alleyne, Andrew G., 2022. "Framework for integrated plant and control optimization of electro-thermal systems: An energy storage system case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
  23. Md. Mosaraf Hossain Khan & Amran Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & S. M. Shahnewaz Siddiquee & M. Shafiul Alam & Taskin Jamal & Hafiz Ahmed, 2021. "Integration of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles into Utility Grid: An Efficient Approach for Impact Analysis and Power Quality Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, October.
  24. Christodoulos Katis & Athanasios Karlis, 2023. "Evolution of Equipment in Electromobility and Autonomous Driving Regarding Safety Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-34, January.
  25. Yinying He & Csaba Csiszár, 2021. "Model for Crowdsourced Parcel Delivery Embedded into Mobility as a Service Based on Autonomous Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, May.
  26. Aleksandar Cuculić & Dubravko Vučetić & Rene Prenc & Jasmin Ćelić, 2019. "Analysis of Energy Storage Implementation on Dynamically Positioned Vessels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, January.
  27. Yongda Li & Pingping Gong, 2023. "Fault-Tolerant Control of Induction Motor with Current Sensors Based on Dual-Torque Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
  28. Reddi Khasim, Shaik & Dhanamjayulu, C., 2021. "Selection parameters and synthesis of multi-input converters for electric vehicles: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  29. Sergio Saponara & Lucian Mihet-Popa, 2019. "Energy Storage Systems and Power Conversion Electronics for E-Transportation and Smart Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-9, February.
  30. Hossain, M.S. & Fang, Yan Ru & Ma, Teng & Huang, Chen & Peng, Wei & Urpelainen, Johannes & Hebbale, Chetan & Dai, Hancheng, 2023. "Narrowing fossil fuel consumption in the Indian road transport sector towards reaching carbon neutrality," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
  31. Xiaolin Chu & Yuntian Ge & Xue Zhou & Lin Li & Dong Yang, 2020. "Modeling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle-Power Grid-Manufacturing Facility (EPM) Energy Sharing System under Time-of-Use Electricity Tariff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, June.
  32. Heba-Allah I. ElAzab & R. A. Swief & Hanady H. Issa & Noha H. El-Amary & Alsnosy Balbaa & H. K. Temraz, 2018. "FPGA Eco Unit Commitment Based Gravitational Search Algorithm Integrating Plug-in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, September.
  33. Kang Miao Tan & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy & Jia Ying Yong & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Frede Blaabjerg, 2017. "Minimization of Load Variance in Power Grids—Investigation on Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
  34. Edwin R. Grijalva & José María López Martínez & M. Nuria Flores & Víctor Del Pozo, 2018. "Design and Simulation of a Powertrain System for a Fuel Cell Extended Range Electric Golf Car," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-30, July.
  35. Wen, Jianping & Zhao, Dan & Zhang, Chuanwei, 2020. "An overview of electricity powered vehicles: Lithium-ion battery energy storage density and energy conversion efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1629-1648.
  36. Isabel C. Gil-García & Mª Socorro García-Cascales & Habib Dagher & Angel Molina-García, 2021. "Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, March.
  37. Phillip K. Agbesi & Rico Ruffino & Marko Hakovirta, 2023. "The development of sustainable electric vehicle business ecosystems," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(8), pages 1-59, August.
  38. Mojgan Fayyazi & Paramjotsingh Sardar & Sumit Infent Thomas & Roonak Daghigh & Ali Jamali & Thomas Esch & Hans Kemper & Reza Langari & Hamid Khayyam, 2023. "Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Energy Management Systems, Control, and Optimization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-38, March.
  39. Eklas Hossain & Ron Perez & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Frede Blaabjerg & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy, 2017. "Sliding Mode Controller and Lyapunov Redesign Controller to Improve Microgrid Stability: A Comparative Analysis with CPL Power Variation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-24, November.
  40. Yanyan Liu & Ying Cheng & Wei Liu, 2018. "Understanding Gatekeeping Transformation in the Chinese EV Industry: An Exploratory Study of the Focal Firms' Cross-industrial Interactions," Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems - scientific journal, Croatian Interdisciplinary Society Provider Homepage: http://indecs.eu, vol. 16(3-B), pages 485-503.
  41. Jerzy Ryszard Szymanski & Marta Zurek-Mortka & Daniel Wojciechowski & Nikolai Poliakov, 2020. "Unidirectional DC/DC Converter with Voltage Inverter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.
  42. Erika Pierri & Valentina Cirillo & Thomas Vietor & Marco Sorrentino, 2021. "Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
  43. Umberto Previti & Sebastian Brusca & Antonio Galvagno & Fabio Famoso, 2022. "Influence of Energy Management System Control Strategies on the Battery State of Health in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
  44. Yu, Xiao & Sandhu, Navjot S. & Yang, Zhenyi & Zheng, Ming, 2020. "Suitability of energy sources for automotive application – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
  45. Hongqian Wei & Youtong Zhang & Lei Yu & Mengzhu Zhang & Khaled Teffah, 2018. "A New Diagnostic Algorithm for Multiple IGBTs Open Circuit Faults by the Phase Currents for Power Inverter in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.
  46. Jianjun Hu & Lingling Zheng & Meixia Jia & Yi Zhang & Tao Pang, 2018. "Optimization and Model Validation of Operation Control Strategies for a Novel Dual-Motor Coupling-Propulsion Pure Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-14, March.
  47. Mohammed Kh. AL-Nussairi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Pierluigi Siano, 2017. "Constant Power Loads (CPL) with Microgrids: Problem Definition, Stability Analysis and Compensation Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, October.
  48. Qi, Lingfei & Wu, Xiaoping & Zeng, Xiaohui & Feng, Yan & Pan, Hongye & Zhang, Zutao & Yuan, Yanping, 2020. "An electro-mechanical braking energy recovery system based on coil springs for energy saving applications in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  49. Xu Lei & Xi Zhao & Guiping Wang & Weiyu Liu, 2019. "A Novel Temperature–Hysteresis Model for Power Battery of Electric Vehicles with an Adaptive Joint Estimator on State of Charge and Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-24, September.
  50. Feng, Sida & Magee, Christopher L., 2020. "Technological development of key domains in electric vehicles: Improvement rates, technology trajectories and key assignees," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
  51. Perez-Dávila, Oriana & Álvarez Fernández, Roberto, 2023. "Optimization algorithm applied to extended range fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Contribution to road transport decarbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
  52. Hridoy Roy & Bimol Nath Roy & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Md. Shahinoor Islam & Ayman S. Abdel-Khalik & Mostaf S. Hamad & Shehab Ahmed, 2022. "Global Advancements and Current Challenges of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Their Prospects: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-30, December.
  53. Mahinda Vilathgamuwa & Yateendra Mishra & Tan Yigitcanlar & Ashish Bhaskar & Clevo Wilson, 2022. "Mobile-Energy-as-a-Service (MEaaS): Sustainable Electromobility via Integrated Energy–Transport–Urban Infrastructure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, February.
  54. Chi Zhang & Binyue Xu & Jasronita Jasni & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi & Norhafiz Azis & Qi Zhang, 2022. "Model Control and Digital Implementation of the Three Phase Interleaved Parallel Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter for New Energy Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, September.
  55. Künle, Eglantine & Minke, Christine, 2022. "Macro-environmental comparative analysis of e-mobility adoption pathways in France, Germany and Norway," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 160-174.
  56. Zabdur Rehman & Kwanjae Seong, 2018. "Three-D Numerical Thermal Analysis of Electric Motor with Cooling Jacket," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, January.
  57. Marta Borowska-Stefańska & Michał Kowalski & Paulina Kurzyk & Miroslava Mikušová & Szymon Wiśniewski, 2021. "Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
  58. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Aala Kalananda & Venkata Lakshmi Narayana, Komanapalli, 2022. "Meta-heuristics optimization in electric vehicles -an extensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  59. Sung Il Kwag & Uhjin Hur & Young Dae Ko, 2021. "Sustainable Electric Personal Mobility: The Design of a Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Urban Tourism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, January.
  60. Nnaemeka Sunday Ugwuanyi & Xavier Kestelyn & Bogdan Marinescu & Olivier Thomas, 2020. "Power System Nonlinear Modal Analysis Using Computationally Reduced Normal Form Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
  61. Aleksander Chudy & Piotr Hołyszko & Paweł Mazurek, 2022. "Fast Charging of an Electric Bus Fleet and Its Impact on the Power Quality Based on On-Site Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-16, July.
  62. Krzysztof Tomczyk & Tomasz Makowski & Małgorzata Kowalczyk & Ksenia Ostrowska & Piotr Beńko, 2021. "Procedure for the Accurate Modelling of Ring Induction Motors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, September.
  63. Lihe Xi & Xin Zhang & Chuanyang Sun & Zexing Wang & Xiaosen Hou & Jibao Zhang, 2017. "Intelligent Energy Management Control for Extended Range Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Neural Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
  64. Jaber Abu Qahouq & Yuan Cao, 2018. "Control Scheme and Power Electronics Architecture for a Wirelessly Distributed and Enabled Battery Energy Storage System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, July.
  65. Yusuf A. Sha’aban & Augustine Ikpehai & Bamidele Adebisi & Khaled M. Rabie, 2017. "Bi-Directional Coordination of Plug-In Electric Vehicles with Economic Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-20, September.
  66. Ramji Tiwari & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramesh Babu Neelakandan, 2017. "Coordinated Control Strategies for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, September.
  67. Gobbi, Massimiliano & Sattar, Aqeab & Palazzetti, Roberto & Mastinu, Gianpiero, 2024. "Traction motors for electric vehicles: Maximization of mechanical efficiency – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
  68. Xu Chen & Guangdi Hu & Feng Guo & Mengqi Ye & Jingyuan Huang, 2020. "Switched Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle Based on Switch Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, January.
  69. Hedayat Saboori & Shahram Jadid & Mehdi Savaghebi, 2021. "Optimal Management of Mobile Battery Energy Storage as a Self-Driving, Self-Powered and Movable Charging Station to Promote Electric Vehicle Adoption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, January.
  70. Xiaoli Sun & Zhengguo Li & Xiaolin Wang & Chengjiang Li, 2019. "Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-29, December.
  71. Wenich Vattanapuripakorn & Sathapon Sonsupap & Khomson Khannam & Natthakrit Bamrungwong & Prachakon Kaewkhiaw & Jiradanai Sarasamkan & Bopit Bubphachot, 2022. "Advanced Electric Battery Power Storage for Motors through the Use of Differential Gears and High Torque for Recirculating Power Generation," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-14, October.
  72. Dimitrios Rimpas & Stavrοs D. Kaminaris & Dimitrios D. Piromalis & George Vokas & Konstantinos G. Arvanitis & Christos-Spyridon Karavas, 2023. "Comparative Review of Motor Technologies for Electric Vehicles Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-24, March.
  73. Lucian Mihet-Popa & Sergio Saponara, 2021. "Power Converters, Electric Drives and Energy Storage Systems for Electrified Transportation and Smart Grid Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-5, July.
  74. Shun Xiang & Guangdi Hu & Ruisen Huang & Feng Guo & Pengkai Zhou, 2018. "Lithium-Ion Battery Online Rapid State-of-Power Estimation under Multiple Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, January.
  75. Shunta Sato & Sousuke Nakamura, 2022. "Proposal of Wireless Charging Which Enables Magnetic Field Suppression at Foreign Object Location," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
  76. Saumya Bansal & Yi Zong & Shi You & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Jinsheng Xiao, 2020. "Technical and Economic Analysis of One-Stop Charging Stations for Battery and Fuel Cell EV with Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, June.
  77. Tao Lei & Zhihao Min & Qinxiang Gao & Lina Song & Xingyu Zhang & Xiaobin Zhang, 2022. "The Architecture Optimization and Energy Management Technology of Aircraft Power Systems: A Review and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-37, June.
  78. Changqing Du & Shiyang Huang & Yuyao Jiang & Dongmei Wu & Yang Li, 2022. "Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
  79. Roberto Finesso & Daniela Misul & Ezio Spessa & Mattia Venditti, 2018. "Optimal Design of Power-Split HEVs Based on Total Cost of Ownership and CO 2 Emission Minimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-28, July.
  80. Qasim Ajao & Lanre Sadeeq & Oluwatobi Oluwaponmile Sodiq, 2024. "Drivers of Electric Vehicle Adoption in Nigeria: An Extended UTAUT Framework Approach," Papers 2410.17282, arXiv.org.
  81. Idiano D’Adamo & Paolo Rosa, 2019. "A Structured Literature Review on Obsolete Electric Vehicles Management Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-17, December.
  82. Milad Akbari & Morris Brenna & Michela Longo, 2018. "Optimal Locating of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations by Application of Genetic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-14, April.
  83. Ayetor, G.K. & Mbonigaba, Innocent & Sunnu, Albert K. & Nyantekyi-Kwakye, Baafour, 2021. "Impact of replacing ICE bus fleet with electric bus fleet in Africa: A lifetime assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
  84. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
  85. Lucian Mihet-Popa & Sergio Saponara, 2018. "Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
  86. Ching-Ming Lai & Jiashen Teh & Yuan-Chih Lin & Yitao Liu, 2020. "Study of a Bidirectional Power Converter Integrated with Battery/Ultracapacitor Dual-Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-23, March.
  87. Daniele Beltrami & Paolo Iora & Laura Tribioli & Stefano Uberti, 2021. "Electrification of Compact Off-Highway Vehicles—Overview of the Current State of the Art and Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-30, September.
  88. Yueling Xu & Wenyu Zhang & Haijun Bao & Shuai Zhang & Ying Xiang, 2019. "A SEM–Neural Network Approach to Predict Customers’ Intention to Purchase Battery Electric Vehicles in China’s Zhejiang Province," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, June.
  89. Bogdan Ovidiu Varga & Florin Mariasiu & Cristian Daniel Miclea & Ioan Szabo & Anamaria Andreea Sirca & Vlad Nicolae, 2020. "Direct and Indirect Environmental Aspects of an Electric Bus Fleet Under Service," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-12, January.
  90. Gao, Bingzhao & Meng, Dele & Shi, Wentong & Cai, Wenqi & Dong, Shiying & Zhang, Yuanjian & Chen, Hong, 2022. "Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  91. Siavash Khalili & Eetu Rantanen & Dmitrii Bogdanov & Christian Breyer, 2019. "Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-54, October.
  92. Azmeh, Shamel & Nguyen, Huong & Kuhn, Marlene, 2022. "Automation and industrialisation through global value chains: North Africa in the German automotive wiring harness industry," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 125-138.
  93. Rachana Vidhi & Prasanna Shrivastava & Abhishek Parikh, 2021. "Social and Technological Impact of Businesses Surrounding Electric Vehicles," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-17, February.
  94. Qing Deng & Changsen Feng & Fushuan Wen & Chung-Li Tseng & Lei Wang & Bo Zou & Xizhu Zhang, 2019. "Evaluation of Accommodation Capability for Electric Vehicles of a Distribution System Considering Coordinated Charging Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-20, August.
  95. Hyuk Jung & Bohyun Moon & Gwang Goo Lee, 2020. "Development of Experimental Apparatus for Fire Resistance Test of Rechargeable Energy Storage System in x EV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.
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