IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v173y2023ics1364032122009558.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cost, range anxiety and future electricity supply: A review of how today's technology trends may influence the future uptake of BEVs

Author

Listed:
  • Zhou, Wenbin
  • Cleaver, Christopher J.
  • Dunant, Cyrille F.
  • Allwood, Julian M.
  • Lin, Jianguo

Abstract

In this review paper, we show that the current battery electric vehicle (BEV) scale-up relies on several key technologies which all have detailed roadmaps with good track records for being met. These roadmaps include lightweighting of vehicle bodies using lightweight materials and architecture/structure design, and improvements in BEV powertrain with regard to the powertrain architecture/system design, battery and motor technology development. However, as technology take-up accelerates, our novel analysis suggests supply of zero carbon electricity may become a serious constraint. We find that the technical potential for abating the demand for electricity through powertrain and lightweighting improvements is just over a quarter of the projected total. Four promising avenues to mitigating this constraint – battery reusing and interoperable charging technology, shared mobility, advanced sensing technology, and novel compact space frame construction - are explored in brief, potentially enabling the large-scale deployment of BEVs without exhausting the supply of non-emitting electricity.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Wenbin & Cleaver, Christopher J. & Dunant, Cyrille F. & Allwood, Julian M. & Lin, Jianguo, 2023. "Cost, range anxiety and future electricity supply: A review of how today's technology trends may influence the future uptake of BEVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:173:y:2023:i:c:s1364032122009558
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.113074
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032122009558
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113074?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tan, Kang Miao & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Yong, Jia Ying, 2016. "Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 720-732.
    2. Glaeser, Edward L. & Kahn, Matthew E., 2010. "The greenness of cities: Carbon dioxide emissions and urban development," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 404-418, May.
    3. Riba, Jordi-Roger & López-Torres, Carlos & Romeral, Luís & Garcia, Antoni, 2016. "Rare-earth-free propulsion motors for electric vehicles: A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 367-379.
    4. Xiaoli Sun & Zhengguo Li & Xiaolin Wang & Chengjiang Li, 2019. "Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-29, December.
    5. Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Kester, Johannes & Noel, Lance & Zarazua de Rubens, Gerardo, 2020. "Actors, business models, and innovation activity systems for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    6. Daron Acemoglu & Ufuk Akcigit & Douglas Hanley & William Kerr, 2016. "Transition to Clean Technology," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 124(1), pages 52-104.
    7. Fuad Un-Noor & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah & Eklas Hossain, 2017. "A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-84, August.
    8. Lutsey, Nicholas P., 2010. "Review of technical literature and trends related to automobile mass-reduction technology," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9t04t94w, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    9. Romain Beaume & Christophe Midler, 2009. "From technology competition to reinventing individual ecomobility: new design strategies for electric vehicles," International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(2), pages 174-190.
    10. Eckard Helmers & Johannes Dietz & Martin Weiss, 2020. "Sensitivity Analysis in the Life-Cycle Assessment of Electric vs. Combustion Engine Cars under Approximate Real-World Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-31, February.
    11. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2017. "Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 268-291.
    12. Lutsey, Nicholas, 2010. "Review of Technical Literature and Trends Related to Automobile Mass-Reduction Technology," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt85p4x0jn, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    13. Hongxin Yu & Yaohui Jiang & Zhaowen Zhang & Wen-Long Shang & Chunjia Han & Yuanjun Zhao, 2022. "The impact of carbon emission trading policy on firms’ green innovation in China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, December.
    14. Anatole Desreveaux & Eric Hittinger & Alain Bouscayrol & Elodie Castex & Gabriel Mihai Sirbu, 2020. "Techno-Economic Comparison of Total Cost of Ownership of Electric and Diesel Vehicles," Post-Print halshs-03182182, HAL.
    15. Das, Sujit, 2005. "Life cycle energy impacts of automotive liftgate inner," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 375-390.
    16. Zachary P. Cano & Dustin Banham & Siyu Ye & Andreas Hintennach & Jun Lu & Michael Fowler & Zhongwei Chen, 2018. "Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(4), pages 279-289, April.
    17. Sierzchula, William & Bakker, Sjoerd & Maat, Kees & van Wee, Bert, 2014. "The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 183-194.
    18. Amjad, Shaik & Neelakrishnan, S. & Rudramoorthy, R., 2010. "Review of design considerations and technological challenges for successful development and deployment of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 1104-1110, April.
    19. Shang, Wen-Long & Chen, Jinyu & Bi, Huibo & Sui, Yi & Chen, Yanyan & Yu, Haitao, 2021. "Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on user behaviors and environmental benefits of bike sharing: A big-data analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    20. Gert Berckmans & Maarten Messagie & Jelle Smekens & Noshin Omar & Lieselot Vanhaverbeke & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2017. "Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    21. Langbroek, Joram H.M. & Franklin, Joel P. & Susilo, Yusak O., 2016. "The effect of policy incentives on electric vehicle adoption," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 94-103.
    22. Jiang, Bo & Zhu, Jiangong & Wang, Xueyuan & Wei, Xuezhe & Shang, Wenlong & Dai, Haifeng, 2022. "A comparative study of different features extracted from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    23. Ballinger, Benjamin & Stringer, Martin & Schmeda-Lopez, Diego R. & Kefford, Benjamin & Parkinson, Brett & Greig, Chris & Smart, Simon, 2019. "The vulnerability of electric vehicle deployment to critical mineral supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    24. Maarten Messagie & Faycal-Siddikou Boureima & Thierry Coosemans & Cathy Macharis & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2014. "A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle Technologies and Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-16, March.
    25. Steven Chu & Arun Majumdar, 2012. "Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future," Nature, Nature, vol. 488(7411), pages 294-303, August.
    26. Mwasilu, Francis & Justo, Jackson John & Kim, Eun-Kyung & Do, Ton Duc & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2014. "Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 501-516.
    27. Craglia, Matteo & Cullen, Jonathan, 2019. "Do technical improvements lead to real efficiency gains? Disaggregating changes in transport energy intensity," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    28. Yong, Jia Ying & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Tan, Kang Miao & Mithulananthan, N., 2015. "A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 365-385.
    29. Palmer, Kate & Tate, James E. & Wadud, Zia & Nellthorp, John, 2018. "Total cost of ownership and market share for hybrid and electric vehicles in the UK, US and Japan," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 108-119.
    30. Cuma, Mehmet Ugras & Koroglu, Tahsin, 2015. "A comprehensive review on estimation strategies used in hybrid and battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 517-531.
    31. Zhaoyang Zhao & Shuning Zhou & Siying Wang & Chong Ye & Tuolei Wu, 2022. "The Impact of Carbon Emissions Trading Pilot Policy on Industrial Structure Upgrading," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-25, August.
    32. Liu, Boyu & Zhang, Qi & Liu, Jiangfeng & Hao, Yawei & Tang, Yanyan & Li, Yaoming, 2022. "The impacts of critical metal shortage on China's electric vehicle industry development and countermeasure policies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    33. Tie, Siang Fui & Tan, Chee Wei, 2013. "A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 82-102.
    34. Poullikkas, Andreas, 2015. "Sustainable options for electric vehicle technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1277-1287.
    35. Hyung‐Ju Kim & Colin McMillan & Gregory A. Keoleian & Steven J. Skerlos, 2010. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Payback for Lightweighted Vehicles Using Aluminum and High‐Strength Steel," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 14(6), pages 929-946, December.
    36. She, Zhen-Yu & Qing Sun, & Ma, Jia-Jun & Xie, Bai-Chen, 2017. "What are the barriers to widespread adoption of battery electric vehicles? A survey of public perception in Tianjin, China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 29-40.
    37. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    38. Li, Chengjiang & Negnevitsky, Michael & Wang, Xiaolin & Yue, Wen Long & Zou, Xin, 2019. "Multi-criteria analysis of policies for implementing clean energy vehicles in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 826-840.
    39. Junquera, Beatriz & Moreno, Blanca & Álvarez, Roberto, 2016. "Analyzing consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle purchasing intentions in Spain: Technological limitations and vehicle confidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 6-14.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hemmati, Reza, 2023. "Dynamic expansion planning in active distribution grid integrated with seasonally transferred battery swapping station and solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiaoli Sun & Zhengguo Li & Xiaolin Wang & Chengjiang Li, 2019. "Technology Development of Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-29, December.
    2. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    3. Wen, Jianping & Zhao, Dan & Zhang, Chuanwei, 2020. "An overview of electricity powered vehicles: Lithium-ion battery energy storage density and energy conversion efficiency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1629-1648.
    4. Mahmud, Khizir & Town, Graham E. & Morsalin, Sayidul & Hossain, M.J., 2018. "Integration of electric vehicles and management in the internet of energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4179-4203.
    5. Gaizka Saldaña & Jose Ignacio San Martin & Inmaculada Zamora & Francisco Javier Asensio & Oier Oñederra, 2019. "Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-37, June.
    6. Erika Pierri & Valentina Cirillo & Thomas Vietor & Marco Sorrentino, 2021. "Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    7. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    8. Géremi Gilson Dranka & Paula Ferreira, 2020. "Electric Vehicles and Biofuels Synergies in the Brazilian Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    9. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    10. Kang Miao Tan & Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy & Jia Ying Yong & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Frede Blaabjerg, 2017. "Minimization of Load Variance in Power Grids—Investigation on Optimal Vehicle-to-Grid Scheduling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, November.
    11. Papachristos, George, 2017. "Diversity in technology competition: The link between platforms and sociotechnical transitions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 291-306.
    12. Ensslen, Axel & Gnann, Till & Jochem, Patrick & Plötz, Patrick & Dütschke, Elisabeth & Fichtner, Wolf, 2020. "Can product service systems support electric vehicle adoption?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 343-359.
    13. Gönül, Ömer & Duman, A. Can & Güler, Önder, 2021. "Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Turkey: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    14. Zheng, Xuemei & Menezes, Flavio & Zheng, Xiaofeng & Wu, Chengkuan, 2022. "An empirical assessment of the impact of subsidies on EV adoption in China: A difference-in-differences approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 121-136.
    15. Santos, Georgina & Rembalski, Sebastian, 2021. "Do electric vehicles need subsidies in the UK?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    16. Balali, Yasaman & Stegen, Sascha, 2021. "Review of energy storage systems for vehicles based on technology, environmental impacts, and costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    17. Shun Xiang & Guangdi Hu & Ruisen Huang & Feng Guo & Pengkai Zhou, 2018. "Lithium-Ion Battery Online Rapid State-of-Power Estimation under Multiple Constraints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-20, January.
    18. Reddi Khasim, Shaik & Dhanamjayulu, C., 2021. "Selection parameters and synthesis of multi-input converters for electric vehicles: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    19. Harris, Andrew & Soban, Danielle & Smyth, Beatrice M. & Best, Robert, 2018. "Assessing life cycle impacts and the risk and uncertainty of alternative bus technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 569-579.
    20. Muratori, Matteo & Kontou, Eleftheria & Eichman, Joshua, 2019. "Electricity rates for electric vehicle direct current fast charging in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:173:y:2023:i:c:s1364032122009558. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.