IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i15p5555-d876657.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fast Charging of an Electric Bus Fleet and Its Impact on the Power Quality Based on On-Site Measurements

Author

Listed:
  • Aleksander Chudy

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Piotr Hołyszko

    (Department of Electrical Drives and Machines, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

  • Paweł Mazurek

    (Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38 A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland)

Abstract

The subject of this study was a distribution substation that feeds 14 fast DC chargers (80 kW) located at the bus depot in Lublin, Poland. The voltage variations were determined to be within the PN-EN 50160 standard limit values (±10% Un). There were several events registered when 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th voltage harmonics were above the PN-EN 50160 limit during the charging of the electric buses. The obtained maximum 10 min average values of the total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) were 3.36%, 2.27%, and 2.89% for the first, second, and third phase, respectively, i.e., below the limit value of 8% required by PN-EN 50160. Due to the exceedance of the 6th voltage harmonic, the PN-EN 50160 requirements were not met.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksander Chudy & Piotr Hołyszko & Paweł Mazurek, 2022. "Fast Charging of an Electric Bus Fleet and Its Impact on the Power Quality Based on On-Site Measurements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5555-:d:876657
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5555/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/15/5555/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michał Jasiński & Tomasz Sikorski & Paweł Kostyła & Dominika Kaczorowska & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Jacek Rezmer & Jarosław Szymańda & Przemysław Janik & Daniel Bejmert & Marek Rybiański & Elżbieta Jasińs, 2019. "Influence of Measurement Aggregation Algorithms on Power Quality Assessment and Correlation Analysis in Electrical Power Network with PV Power Plant," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-18, September.
    2. Stanislaw Galla & Miroslaw Wlas, 2021. "The Influence of a Photovoltaic Micro-Installation on the Low-Frequency Parameters of Electricity at PCC and Its Impact on the Thermal Characteristics of Selected Devices," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    3. Fuad Un-Noor & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah & Eklas Hossain, 2017. "A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-84, August.
    4. Feng Mao & Zhiheng Li & Kai Zhang, 2021. "A Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Emissions between Battery Electric Buses and Conventional Diesel Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    5. Paweł Mazurek & Aleksander Chudy, 2021. "An Analysis of Electromagnetic Disturbances from an Electric Vehicle Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    6. Kristoffer W. Lie & Trym A. Synnevåg & Jacob J. Lamb & Kristian M. Lien, 2021. "The Carbon Footprint of Electrified City Buses: A Case Study in Trondheim, Norway," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, February.
    7. Sanchari Deb & Kari Tammi & Karuna Kalita & Pinakeshwar Mahanta, 2018. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Load on Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
    8. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Józef Paska & Mariusz Kłos & Karol Pawlak & Piotr Marchel & Magdalena Bartecka & Łukasz Michalski & Paweł Terlikowski, 2020. "Impact of Electric Bus Charging on Distribution Substation and Local Grid in Warsaw," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, March.
    9. Syed Muhammad Arif & Tek Tjing Lie & Boon Chong Seet & Syed Muhammad Ahsan & Hassan Abbas Khan, 2020. "Plug-In Electric Bus Depot Charging with PV and ESS and Their Impact on LV Feeder," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, April.
    10. Paolo Castello & Carlo Muscas & Paolo Attilio Pegoraro & Sara Sulis, 2019. "PMU’s Behavior with Flicker-Generating Voltage Fluctuations: An Experimental Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-14, August.
    11. Justyna Patalas-Maliszewska & Hanna Łosyk, 2020. "Analysis of the Development and Parameters of a Public Transport System Which Uses Low-Carbon Energy: The Evidence from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sanchari Deb & Xiao-Zhi Gao, 2022. "Prediction of Charging Demand of Electric City Buses of Helsinki, Finland by Random Forest," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Harasis, Salman & Khan, Irfan & Massoud, Ahmed, 2024. "Enabling large-scale integration of electric bus fleets in harsh environments: Possibilities, potentials, and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    3. Md. Mosaraf Hossain Khan & Amran Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & S. M. Shahnewaz Siddiquee & M. Shafiul Alam & Taskin Jamal & Hafiz Ahmed, 2021. "Integration of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles into Utility Grid: An Efficient Approach for Impact Analysis and Power Quality Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Kayhan Alamatsaz & Sadam Hussain & Chunyan Lai & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Electric Bus Scheduling and Timetabling, Fast Charging Infrastructure Planning, and Their Impact on the Grid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, October.
    5. Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk & Leszek Jarzebowicz & Roman Hrbáč, 2022. "Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, February.
    6. Mena ElMenshawy & Ahmed Massoud, 2022. "Medium-Voltage DC-DC Converter Topologies for Electric Bus Fast Charging Stations: State-of-the-Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-20, July.
    7. Amra Jahic & Felix Heider & Maik Plenz & Detlef Schulz, 2022. "Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Lim, Lek Keng & Muis, Zarina Ab & Ho, Wai Shin & Hashim, Haslenda & Bong, Cassendra Phun Chien, 2023. "Review of the energy forecasting and scheduling model for electric buses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PD).
    9. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    10. Marta Borowska-Stefańska & Michał Kowalski & Paulina Kurzyk & Miroslava Mikušová & Szymon Wiśniewski, 2021. "Privileging Electric Vehicles as an Element of Promoting Sustainable Urban Mobility—Effects on the Local Transport System in a Large Metropolis in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-24, June.
    11. Khairy Sayed & Abdulaziz Almutairi & Naif Albagami & Omar Alrumayh & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Hedra Saleeb, 2022. "A Review of DC-AC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-32, February.
    12. Boud Verbrugge & Mohammed Mahedi Hasan & Haaris Rasool & Thomas Geury & Mohamed El Baghdadi & Omar Hegazy, 2021. "Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-23, November.
    13. Tuğba Yeğin & Muhammad Ikram, 2022. "Analysis of Consumers’ Electric Vehicle Purchase Intentions: An Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-27, September.
    14. Diego Bairrão & João Soares & José Almeida & John F. Franco & Zita Vale, 2023. "Green Hydrogen and Energy Transition: Current State and Prospects in Portugal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-23, January.
    15. Krzysztof Lowczowski & Jaroslaw Gielniak & Zbigniew Nadolny & Magdalena Udzik, 2024. "Analysis of the Impact of Volt/VAR Control on Harmonics Content and Alternative Harmonic Mitigation Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-26, November.
    16. Xu Lei & Xi Zhao & Guiping Wang & Weiyu Liu, 2019. "A Novel Temperature–Hysteresis Model for Power Battery of Electric Vehicles with an Adaptive Joint Estimator on State of Charge and Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-24, September.
    17. Tomasz Sikorski & Michal Jasiński & Edyta Ropuszyńska-Surma & Magdalena Węglarz & Dominika Kaczorowska & Paweł Kostyla & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Robert Lis & Jacek Rezmer & Wilhelm Rojewski & Marian Sobi, 2020. "A Case Study on Distributed Energy Resources and Energy-Storage Systems in a Virtual Power Plant Concept: Technical Aspects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-30, June.
    18. Danijel Pavković & Mihael Cipek & Zdenko Kljaić & Tomislav Josip Mlinarić & Mario Hrgetić & Davor Zorc, 2018. "Damping Optimum-Based Design of Control Strategy Suitable for Battery/Ultracapacitor Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-26, October.
    19. Yongda Li & Pingping Gong, 2023. "Fault-Tolerant Control of Induction Motor with Current Sensors Based on Dual-Torque Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
    20. Jerzy Ryszard Szymanski & Marta Zurek-Mortka & Daniel Wojciechowski & Nikolai Poliakov, 2020. "Unidirectional DC/DC Converter with Voltage Inverter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5555-:d:876657. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.