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The Influence of Bullying and Cyberbullying in the Psychological Adjustment of Victims and Aggressors in Adolescence

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  • Estefanía Estévez

    (Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain)

  • Jesús F. Estévez

    (Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain)

  • Lucía Segura

    (Department of Health Psychology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain)

  • Cristian Suárez

    (Department of Education and Social Psychology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to analyze the extent to which violent peer behavior and victimization, both traditional and cybernetic, and predict certain indicators of psychological maladjustment in adolescents, such as self-concept, satisfaction with life, feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, social anxiety, empathy, and emotional intelligence. Participants in the study were 1318 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 11 and 18 years and enrolled in Compulsory Secondary Education schools. The design of the study was cross-sectional. The results indicated that the victims generally present greater maladjustment than the aggressors. Both victims and cybervictims showed a greater decrease in all the dimensions of self-concept, compared with aggressors and cyberaggressors. However, the two types of aggressors showed a higher likelihood of presenting low levels of empathy. Feeling of loneliness, depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and degree of life satisfaction was more probable to be present in all groups of aggressors and victims. Finally, with regard to emotional intelligence, victims had a higher probability of obtaining low scores in all the dimensions of this construct; this was the case for traditional aggressors only in the dimension of emotion regulation. These results contribute to our understanding of the consequences of harassment in the adaptation of the students involved, with relevant practical implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Estefanía Estévez & Jesús F. Estévez & Lucía Segura & Cristian Suárez, 2019. "The Influence of Bullying and Cyberbullying in the Psychological Adjustment of Victims and Aggressors in Adolescence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:12:p:2080-:d:239231
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lazuras, Lambros & Barkoukis, Vassilis & Tsorbatzoudis, Haralambos, 2017. "Face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents: Trans-contextual effects and role overlap," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 97-101.
    2. Stefania C. Alcantara & Mònica González-Carrasco & Carme Montserrat & Ferran Viñas & Ferran Casas & Desirée P. Abreu, 2017. "Peer violence in the School Environment and Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being and Perceived Social Support Among Children and Adolescents in Northeastern Brazil," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 1507-1532, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ángel Denche-Zamorano & Sabina Barrios-Fernandez & Carmen Galán-Arroyo & Sebastián Sánchez-González & Felipe Montalva-Valenzuela & Antonio Castillo-Paredes & Jorge Rojo-Ramos & Pedro R. Olivares, 2022. "Science Mapping: A Bibliometric Analysis on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Sofia Buelga & Javier Postigo & Belén Martínez-Ferrer & María-Jesús Cava & Jessica Ortega-Barón, 2020. "Cyberbullying among Adolescents: Psychometric Properties of the CYB-AGS Cyber-Aggressor Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Jesús F. Estévez & Elizabeth Cañas & Estefanía Estévez, 2020. "The Impact of Cybervictimization on Psychological Adjustment in Adolescence: Analyzing the Role of Emotional Intelligence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    4. Carlos Montero-Carretero & Eduardo Cervelló, 2019. "Teaching Styles in Physical Education: A New Approach to Predicting Resilience and Bullying," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, December.
    5. Christoph Burger & Lea Bachmann, 2021. "Perpetration and Victimization in Offline and Cyber Contexts: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Examination of Associations and Differences Regarding Domain-Specific Self-Esteem and School Adjustment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-21, October.
    6. Raquel Escortell & David Aparisi & María Carmen Martínez-Monteagudo & Beatriz Delgado, 2020. "Personality Traits and Aggression as Explanatory Variables of Cyberbullying in Spanish Preadolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-11, August.
    7. María Angeles Peláez-Fernández & María Teresa Chamizo-Nieto & Lourdes Rey & Natalio Extremera, 2021. "How Do Cyber Victimization and Low Core Self-Evaluations Interrelate in Predicting Adolescent Problematic Technology Use?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-12, March.
    8. Carlos Montero-Carretero & David Barbado & Eduardo Cervelló, 2019. "Predicting Bullying through Motivation and Teaching Styles in Physical Education," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Inmaculada Méndez & Ana Belén Jorquera & Cecilia Ruiz-Esteban & Juan Pedro Martínez-Ramón & Aitana Fernández-Sogorb, 2019. "Emotional Intelligence, Bullying, and Cyberbullying in Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-9, December.
    10. María C. Martínez-Monteagudo & Beatriz Delgado & Cándido J. Inglés & Raquel Escortell, 2020. "Cyberbullying and Social Anxiety: A Latent Class Analysis among Spanish Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-13, January.
    11. María Teresa Chamizo-Nieto & Lourdes Rey & John Pellitteri, 2020. "Gratitude and Emotional Intelligence as Protective Factors against Cyber-Aggression: Analysis of a Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-10, June.
    12. J. González-Cabrera & I. Montiel & J.M. Machimbarrena & D. Baridón-Chauvie & R. López-Carrasco & J. Ortega-Barón, 2022. "Peer victimization and aggression based on adolescence stages: an exploratory study," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(6), pages 2155-2170, December.
    13. Lourdes Rey & Cirenia Quintana-Orts & Sergio Mérida-López & Natalio Extremera, 2020. "The Relationship between Personal Resources and Depression in a Sample of Victims of Cyberbullying: Comparison of Groups with and without Symptoms of Depression," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    14. María Carmen Martínez-Monteagudo & à ngela Martínez-Monteagudo & Estefanía Estévez & Beatriz Delgado, 2024. "Cyberbullying Profiles: Differences in Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in a Sample of Spanish Students," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.
    15. Michelle F. Wright & Sebastian Wachs, 2019. "Adolescents’ Psychological Consequences and Cyber Victimization: The Moderation of School-Belongingness and Ethnicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-11, July.
    16. Manuel Pabón-Carrasco & Lucia Ramirez-Baena & Nerea Jiménez-Picón & José Antonio Ponce Blandón & José Manuel Martínez-Montilla & Raúl Martos-García, 2019. "Influence of Personality Traits and Its Interaction with the Phenomenon of Bullying: Multi-Centre Descriptive Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Elizabeth Cañas & Estefanía Estévez & Celeste León-Moreno & Gonzalo Musitu, 2020. "Loneliness, Family Communication, and School Adjustment in a Sample of Cybervictimized Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-13, January.
    18. Bowen Xiao & Natasha Parent & Takara Bond & Johanna Sam & Jennifer Shapka, 2024. "Developmental Trajectories of Cyber-Aggression among Early Adolescents in Canada: The Impact of Aggression, Gender, and Time Spent Online," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-14, April.
    19. Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas & Teresa I. Jiménez & Andrés S. Lombas & Ginesa López-Crespo, 2021. "School Violence towards Peers and Teen Dating Violence: The Mediating Role of Personal Distress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-19, January.
    20. Teresa I. Jiménez & David Moreno-Ruiz & Estefanía Estévez & Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo & Ginesa López-Crespo & Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas, 2021. "Academic Competence, Teacher–Student Relationship, and Violence and Victimisation in Adolescents: The Classroom Climate as a Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-16, January.
    21. Lucía Segura & Jesús F. Estévez & Estefanía Estévez, 2020. "Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescent Cyberaggressors and Cybervictims," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-14, June.

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