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Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: A review

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  • Kurnia, Jundika C.
  • Sasmito, Agus P.
  • Shamim, Tariq

Abstract

To improve fuel utilization and reduce complexity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell especially for automotive application, dead-end anode operation is desirable. In this operating mode, the anode outlet is closed to achieve nearly 100% fuel utilization. Despite its great potential, operating the fuel cell in a dead-end anode mode brings consequence of nitrogen crossover and liquid water back diffusion which accumulate in the anode, hindering contact between hydrogen fuel with the catalyst inducing fuel starvation. This fuel starvation not only deteriorates fuel cell performance but also degrades the cell integrity by inducing carbon corrosion. To address these issues and achieve optimum operation conditions for the fuel cell, numerous studies on the performance of the dead-end anode fuel cell have been conducted, several key parameters have been evaluated and various mitigation strategies have been proposed. However, the dead-end anode fuel cell has not reached its mature commercialization stage and more research and development is required. To assist further research and development of the dead-end anode fuel cell and expedite its mass application, it is imperative to grasp and discuss the main findings of the previously reported studies. At the moment, no review paper on the dead-end anode fuel cell is available. Therefore, this paper is presented to comprehensively review the development and advancement of dead-end anode fuel cells. In addition, the required research and development for further advancements of the field are also outlined and discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2019. "Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:252:y:2019:i:c:5
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113416
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Santos, Diogo F.M. & Ferreira, Rui B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2022. "Evaluation of a fuel cell system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    2. Yang, Yange & Zhou, Xiangyang & Li, Bing & Zhang, Cunman, 2021. "Failure of cathode gas diffusion layer in 1 kW fuel cell stack under new European driving cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    3. Zhou, Yu & Chen, Ben & Meng, Kai & Zhou, Haoran & Chen, Wenshang & Zhang, Ning & Deng, Qihao & Yang, Guanghua & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Optimal design of a cathode flow field for performance enhancement of PEM fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    4. Chen, Ben & Zhou, Haoran & He, Shaowen & Meng, Kai & Liu, Yang & Cai, Yonghua, 2021. "Numerical simulation on purge strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    5. Chen, Ben & Liu, Qi & Zhang, Cheng & Liu, Yang & Shen, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Numerical study on water transfer characteristics under joint effect of placement orientation and flow channel size for PEMFC with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    6. Liu, Shihua & Li, Xiaoyang & Pang, Linjia & Geng, Tie & Guo, Yonggang & Jiang, Lin & Kang, Kejia & Wang, Xinchao & Liu, Zongyao, 2022. "Study on the effect of purging time on the performance of PEMFC with dead-ended anode under gravity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1141-1151.
    7. Lan, Shunbo & Lin, Rui & Dong, Mengcheng & Lu, Kai & Lou, Mingyu, 2023. "Image recognition of cracks and the effect in the microporous layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells on performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    8. Mohideen, Mohamedazeem M. & Liu, Yong & Ramakrishna, Seeram, 2020. "Recent progress of carbon dots and carbon nanotubes applied in oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cell for transportation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    9. Christopher L. Gardner & Paran J. Sarma & Erik Kjeang, 2022. "Accumulation of Inert Impurities in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell System with Anode Recirculation and Periodic Purge: A Simple Analytical Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    10. Calili-Cankir, Fatma & Ismail, Mohammed S. & Ingham, Derek B. & Hughes, Kevin J. & Ma, Lin & Pourkashanian, Mohamed, 2023. "Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 86-108.
    11. Yang, Yange & Li, Xiang & Tang, Fumin & Ming, Pingwen & Li, Bing & Zhang, Cunman, 2022. "Power evolution of fuel cell stack driven by anode gas diffusion layer degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    12. Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, Chengjie & Li, Chao & Zhao, Jian, 2021. "A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    13. Baik, Kyung Don & Yang, Seong Ho, 2020. "Development of cathode cooling fins with a multi-hole structure for open-cathode polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    14. Roman Niestrój & Tomasz Rogala & Wojciech Skarka, 2020. "An Energy Consumption Model for Designing an AGV Energy Storage System with a PEMFC Stack," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-31, July.
    15. Daeil Hyun & Jaeyoung Han & Seokmoo Hong, 2023. "Power Management Strategy of Hybrid Fuel Cell Drones for Flight Performance Improvement Based on Various Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-21, December.
    16. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Jian, Qifei & Cheng, Zongyi, 2022. "Performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack by dual-path hydrogen supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    17. Teresa Donateo, 2023. "Semi-Empirical Models for Stack and Balance of Plant in Closed-Cathode Fuel Cell Systems for Aviation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-40, November.
    18. Lin, Rui & Tang, Shenghao & Diao, Xiaoyu & Zhong, Di & Chen, Liang & Froning, Dieter & Hao, Zhixian, 2020. "Detailed optimization of multiwall carbon nanotubes doped microporous layer in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells for enhanced performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    19. Liu, Shihua & Chen, Tao & Zhang, Cheng & Xie, Yi, 2020. "Study on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with dead-ended anode in gravity environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    20. Zhang, Jikai & Wang, Changjian & Zhang, Aifeng, 2022. "Experimental study on temperature and performance of an open-cathode PEMFC stack under thermal radiation environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    21. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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