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Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems

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  • Liu, Zhiyang
  • Chen, Jian
  • Liu, Hao
  • Yan, Chizhou
  • Hou, Yang
  • He, Qinggang
  • Zhang, Jiujun
  • Hissel, Daniel

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising power sources for vehicle applications. However, improving efficiency has always been the focus of researches for PEMFCs. To improve the hydrogen utilization and protect the stack of PEMFC systems, a general anode purge scheme is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on a typical topology of the hydrogen delivery subsystem, the water management of the anode loop is introduced to decouple the performance degradation caused by nitrogen accumulation from water flooding. For the purge strategy, an accurate and fast anode nitrogen concentration observer is established to determine the purge interval. Then, the purge duration is determined by the simulation analysis. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed anode purge scheme are verified by testing a new and an aged commercial PEMFC stack. Experimental results show that the proposed anode purge strategy increases the hydrogen utilization rate of the actual PEMFC system to 99% (with considering the hydrogen crossover loss) and greatly prolongs the purge interval based on the real-time estimation of the anode nitrogen concentration.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Zhiyang & Chen, Jian & Liu, Hao & Yan, Chizhou & Hou, Yang & He, Qinggang & Zhang, Jiujun & Hissel, Daniel, 2020. "Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:275:y:2020:i:c:s030626192030622x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115110
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Ruifeng Guo & Dongfang Chen & Yuehua Li & Wenlong Wu & Song Hu & Xiaoming Xu, 2023. "Anode Nitrogen Concentration Estimation Based on Voltage Variation Characteristics for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Bahrami, Milad & Martin, Jean-Philippe & Maranzana, Gaël & Pierfederici, Serge & Weber, Mathieu & Didierjean, Sophie, 2022. "Fuel cell management system: An approach to increase its durability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
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    6. Jianmei Feng & Jiquan Han & Zihui Pang & Xueyuan Peng, 2023. "Designing Hydrogen Recirculation Ejectors for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-10, January.
    7. Li, Bing & Wan, Kechuang & Xie, Meng & Chu, Tiankuo & Wang, Xiaolei & Li, Xiang & Yang, Daijun & Ming, Pingwen & Zhang, Cunman, 2022. "Durability degradation mechanism and consistency analysis for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    8. Shen, Jun & Du, Changqing & Yan, Fuwu & Chen, Ben & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Experimental study on the dynamic performance of a power system with dual air-cooled PEMFC stacks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    9. Lei, Gang & Zheng, Hualin & Zhang, Jun & Siong Chin, Cheng & Xu, Xinhai & Zhou, Weijiang & Zhang, Caizhi, 2023. "Analyzing characteristic and modeling of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with CO poisoning effect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    10. Chen, Xin & Zhang, Ying & Xu, Sheng & Dong, Fei, 2023. "Bibliometric analysis for research trends and hotspots in heat and mass transfer and its management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    11. Zhang, Xin & Zhang, Chunlei & Zhang, Zhijin & Gao, Sen & Li, He, 2024. "Coordinated management of oxygen excess ratio and cathode pressure for PEMFC based on synthesis variable-gain robust predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    12. Yanbo Yang & Tiancai Ma & Boyu Du & Weikang Lin & Naiyuan Yao, 2021. "Investigation on the Operating Conditions of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Constant Voltage Cold Start Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, January.
    13. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    14. Lü, Xueqin & Deng, Ruiyu & Chen, Chao & Wu, Yinbo & Meng, Ruidong & Long, Liyuan, 2022. "Performance optimization of fuel cell hybrid power robot based on power demand prediction and model evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    15. Yang, Yange & Li, Xiang & Tang, Fumin & Ming, Pingwen & Li, Bing & Zhang, Cunman, 2022. "Power evolution of fuel cell stack driven by anode gas diffusion layer degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    16. Quan, Shengwei & Wang, Ya-Xiong & Xiao, Xuelian & He, Hongwen & Sun, Fengchun, 2021. "Feedback linearization-based MIMO model predictive control with defined pseudo-reference for hydrogen regulation of automotive fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    17. Song, Yajie & Wang, Xinli & Wang, Lei & Pan, Fengwen & Chen, Wenmiao & Xi, Fuqiang, 2021. "A twin-nozzle ejector for hydrogen recirculation in wide power operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    18. Xu, Sheng & Yin, Bifeng & Li, Zekai & Dong, Fei, 2023. "A review on gas purge of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Mechanisms, experimental approaches, numerical approaches, and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    19. Yuemeng Zhang & Jia Wang & Zhanhui Yao, 2023. "Recent Development of Fuel Cell Core Components and Key Materials: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-23, February.
    20. Ireneusz Pielecha & Filip Szwajca & Kinga Skobiej, 2023. "Load Capacity of Nickel–Metal Hydride Battery and Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells in the Fuel-Cell-Hybrid-Electric-Vehicle Powertrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-14, November.

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