IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v234y2021ics0360544221015139.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Numerical simulation on purge strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Ben
  • Zhou, Haoran
  • He, Shaowen
  • Meng, Kai
  • Liu, Yang
  • Cai, Yonghua

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells with dead-ended anode simplify fuel cell system and effectively reduce its volume, weight and cost. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of a dead-ended anode PEMFC with single straight channel is developed. The effect of operating conditions, including operating temperature, anode inlet pressure, and cathode relative humidity on operating characteristics of dead-ended anode PEMFC was studied in detail. What's more, the purge cycle, hydrogen utilization and energy efficiency are analyzed and the reasonable purge strategy was optimized. The results indicates that the decrease of anode partial pressure caused by the accumulation of nitrogen and liquid water is the main reason for the voltage decline during dead-ended anode operation. The purge cycle is effectively prolonged by increasing anode pressure and reducing the relative humidity of cathode. The purge cycle is extended from 437s to 562.5s as the anode pressure increased from 50 kPa to 150 kPa. The purpose of optimizing the purge strategy is to fully remove the accumulated water and nitrogen, so as to prolong the purge cycle and improve hydrogen utilization and energy efficiency. From the result, the hydrogen utilization and energy efficiency of the base case are 95.77% and 40.05%.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Ben & Zhou, Haoran & He, Shaowen & Meng, Kai & Liu, Yang & Cai, Yonghua, 2021. "Numerical simulation on purge strategy of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:234:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221015139
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121265
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221015139
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121265?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Yong-Song & Yang, Chih-Wei & Lee, Jiunn-Yih, 2014. "Implementation and evaluation for anode purging of a fuel cell based on nitrogen concentration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1519-1524.
    2. Tsai, Shang-Wen & Chen, Yong-Song, 2017. "A mathematical model to study the energy efficiency of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a dead-ended anode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 151-159.
    3. Chen, Ben & Ke, Wandi & Luo, Maji & Wang, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai & Pan, Mu & Zhang, Haining & Liu, Xiaowei & Liu, Wei, 2015. "Operation characteristics and carbon corrosion of PEMFC (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell) with dead-ended anode for high hydrogen utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 799-806.
    4. Cai, Yonghua & Wu, Di & Sun, Jingming & Chen, Ben, 2021. "The effect of cathode channel blockages on the enhanced mass transfer and performance of PEMFC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    5. Chen, Ben & Wang, Jun & Yang, Tianqi & Cai, Yonghua & Zhang, Caizhi & Chan, Siew Hwa & Yu, Yi & Tu, Zhengkai, 2016. "Carbon corrosion and performance degradation mechanism in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode and cathode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 54-62.
    6. Barzegari, Mohammad Mahdi & Rahgoshay, Seyed Majid & Mohammadpour, Lliya & Toghraie, Davood, 2019. "Performance prediction and analysis of a dead-end PEMFC stack using data-driven dynamic model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    7. Chen, Ben & Cai, Yonghua & Yu, Yi & Wang, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2017. "Gas purging effect on the degradation characteristic of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended mode operation II. Under different operation pressures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 50-57.
    8. Esbo, M. Rahimi- & Ranjbar, A.A. & Rahgoshay, S.M., 2020. "Analysis of water management in PEM fuel cell stack at dead-end mode using direct visualization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 212-221.
    9. Dashti, Isar & Asghari, Saeed & Goudarzi, Mohammad & Meyer, Quentin & Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand & Brett, Dan J.L., 2019. "Optimization of the performance, operation conditions and purge rate for a dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell using an analytical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 173-185.
    10. Ijaodola, O.S. & El- Hassan, Zaki & Ogungbemi, E. & Khatib, F.N. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Thompson, James & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Energy efficiency improvements by investigating the water flooding management on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 246-267.
    11. Barzegari, Mohammad M. & Dardel, Morteza & Alizadeh, Ebrahim & Ramiar, Abas, 2016. "Reduced-order model of cascade-type PEM fuel cell stack with integrated humidifiers and water separators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 683-692.
    12. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2019. "Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Montero-Sousa, Juan Aurelio & Aláiz-Moretón, Héctor & Quintián, Héctor & González-Ayuso, Tomás & Novais, Paulo & Calvo-Rolle, José Luis, 2020. "Hydrogen consumption prediction of a fuel cell based system with a hybrid intelligent approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    14. Chen, Ben & Cai, Yonghua & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa & Wang, Jun & Yu, Yi, 2017. "Gas purging effect on the degradation characteristic of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended mode operation I. With different electrolytes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 40-49.
    15. Sayadi, Saeed & Tsatsaronis, George & Duelk, Christian, 2014. "Exergoeconomic analysis of vehicular PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell systems with and without expander," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 608-622.
    16. Salva, J. Antonio & Iranzo, Alfredo & Rosa, Felipe & Tapia, Elvira, 2016. "Validation of cell voltage and water content in a PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell model using neutron imaging for different operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 100-112.
    17. Jang, Jer-Huan & Yan, Wei-Mon & Chiu, Han-Chieh & Lui, Jun-Yi, 2015. "Dynamic cell performance of kW-grade proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with dead-ended anode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 108-114.
    18. Olabi, A.G. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2021. "Fuel cell application in the automotive industry and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. shi, Lei & Tang, Xingwang & Xu, Sichuan & Liu, Ze, 2024. "Numerical research on liquid water removal mechanism and the influence of pore structure on water removal rate based on real pore GDL structure during shutdown purge of fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Zhou, Yu & Chen, Ben & Meng, Kai & Zhou, Haoran & Chen, Wenshang & Zhang, Ning & Deng, Qihao & Yang, Guanghua & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Optimal design of a cathode flow field for performance enhancement of PEM fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    3. Ruifeng Guo & Dongfang Chen & Yuehua Li & Wenlong Wu & Song Hu & Xiaoming Xu, 2023. "Anode Nitrogen Concentration Estimation Based on Voltage Variation Characteristics for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Lei, Gang & Zheng, Hualin & Zhang, Caizhi & Chen, Huicui & Chin, Cheng Siong & Xu, Xinhai, 2024. "Analyzing and modeling of CO purging for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Chen, Ben & Deng, Qihao & Yang, Guanghua & Zhou, Yu & Chen, Wenshang & Cai, Yonghua & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Numerical study on heat transfer characteristics and performance evaluation of PEMFC based on multiphase electrochemical model coupled with cooling channel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    6. Ouyang, Tiancheng & Lu, Jie & Xu, Peihang & Hu, Xiaoyi & Chen, Jingxian, 2022. "High-efficiency fuel utilization innovation in microfluidic fuel cells: From liquid-feed to vapor-feed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    7. Chen, Ben & Liu, Qi & Zhang, Cheng & Liu, Yang & Shen, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Numerical study on water transfer characteristics under joint effect of placement orientation and flow channel size for PEMFC with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    8. Liu, Shihua & Li, Xiaoyang & Pang, Linjia & Geng, Tie & Guo, Yonggang & Jiang, Lin & Kang, Kejia & Wang, Xinchao & Liu, Zongyao, 2022. "Study on the effect of purging time on the performance of PEMFC with dead-ended anode under gravity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1141-1151.
    9. Zhou, Yu & Chen, Ben & Chen, Wenshang & Deng, Qihao & Shen, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "A novel opposite sinusoidal wave flow channel for performance enhancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    10. Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Development of a compact high-power density air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultrathin steel bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    11. Lei, Gang & Zheng, Hualin & Zhang, Jun & Siong Chin, Cheng & Xu, Xinhai & Zhou, Weijiang & Zhang, Caizhi, 2023. "Analyzing characteristic and modeling of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with CO poisoning effect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Jian, Qifei & Cheng, Zongyi, 2022. "Performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack by dual-path hydrogen supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    13. Meng, Kai & Chen, Ben & Zhou, Haoran & Shen, Jun & Shen, Zuguo & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Investigation on degradation mechanism of hydrogen–oxygen proton exchange membrane fuel cell under current cyclic loading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    14. Heidarian, Alireza & Cheung, Sherman C.P. & Ojha, Ruchika & Rosengarten, Gary, 2022. "Effects of current collector shape and configuration on charge percolation and electric conductivity of slurry electrodes for electrochemical systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    15. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    2. Wang, Bowen & Deng, Hao & Jiao, Kui, 2018. "Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 1-13.
    3. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Jian, Qifei & Cheng, Zongyi, 2022. "Performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack by dual-path hydrogen supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    4. Steinberger, Michael & Geiling, Johannes & Oechsner, Richard & Frey, Lothar, 2018. "Anode recirculation and purge strategies for PEM fuel cell operation with diluted hydrogen feed gas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 572-582.
    5. Chen, Ben & Cai, Yonghua & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa & Wang, Jun & Yu, Yi, 2017. "Gas purging effect on the degradation characteristic of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended mode operation I. With different electrolytes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 40-49.
    6. Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, Chengjie & Li, Chao & Zhao, Jian, 2021. "A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Meng, Kai & Zhou, Haoran & Chen, Ben & Tu, Zhengkai, 2021. "Dynamic current cycles effect on the degradation characteristic of a H2/O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    8. Chu, Tiankuo & Zhang, Ruofan & Wang, Yanbo & Ou, Mingyang & Xie, Meng & Shao, Hangyu & Yang, Daijun & Li, Bing & Ming, Pingwen & Zhang, Cunman, 2021. "Performance degradation and process engineering of the 10 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    9. Liu, Shihua & Chen, Tao & Zhang, Cheng & Xie, Yi, 2020. "Study on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with dead-ended anode in gravity environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    10. Tsai, Shang-Wen & Chen, Yong-Song, 2017. "A mathematical model to study the energy efficiency of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a dead-ended anode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 151-159.
    11. Liu, Yang & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2023. "Water management and performance enhancement in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system using optimized gas recirculation devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    12. Chen, Ben & Liu, Qi & Zhang, Cheng & Liu, Yang & Shen, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Numerical study on water transfer characteristics under joint effect of placement orientation and flow channel size for PEMFC with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    13. Zhang, Qinguo & Tong, Zheming & Tong, Shuiguang & Cheng, Zhewu, 2021. "Modeling and dynamic performance research on proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with hydrogen cycle and dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    14. Liu, Zhiyang & Chen, Jian & Liu, Hao & Yan, Chizhou & Hou, Yang & He, Qinggang & Zhang, Jiujun & Hissel, Daniel, 2020. "Anode purge management for hydrogen utilization and stack durability improvement of PEM fuel cell systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    15. Wang, Bowen & Wu, Kangcheng & Xi, Fuqiang & Xuan, Jin & Xie, Xu & Wang, Xiaoyang & Jiao, Kui, 2019. "Numerical analysis of operating conditions effects on PEMFC with anode recirculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 844-856.
    16. Wang, Chuang & Liu, Mingkun & Li, Zengqun & Xing, Ziwen & Shu, Yue, 2023. "Performance improvement of twin-screw air expander used in PEMFC systems by two-phase expansion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    17. Yonghua Cai & Jingming Sun & Fan Wei & Ben Chen, 2022. "Effect of Baffle Dimensionless Size Factor on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
    18. Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan & Anyanwu, Ikechukwu S. & Xie, Xu & Liu, Zhi & Jiao, Kui, 2021. "Experimental investigation and optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell using different flow fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    19. Chen, Huicui & Zhang, Ruirui & Xia, Zhifeng & Weng, Qianyao & Zhang, Tong & Pei, Pucheng, 2023. "Experimental investigation on PEM fuel cell flooding mitigation under heavy loading condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    20. Dashti, Isar & Asghari, Saeed & Goudarzi, Mohammad & Meyer, Quentin & Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand & Brett, Dan J.L., 2019. "Optimization of the performance, operation conditions and purge rate for a dead-ended anode proton exchange membrane fuel cell using an analytical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 173-185.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:234:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221015139. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.