IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i24p8001-d1297508.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power Management Strategy of Hybrid Fuel Cell Drones for Flight Performance Improvement Based on Various Algorithms

Author

Listed:
  • Daeil Hyun

    (Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31080, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Jaeyoung Han

    (Department of Future Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31080, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Institute of Green Car Technology, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31080, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea)

  • Seokmoo Hong

    (Department of Future Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31080, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Institute of Green Car Technology, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31080, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for multipurpose drones that can handle surveillance, environmental monitoring, and urgent deliveries. This trend has spurred the need for increased power and longer flight times for drones. Hence, many researchers introduced various hybrid systems to enhance endurance. In particular, a hybrid system that integrates solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries can substantially enhance a drone’s endurance. However, linking multiple power sources necessitates a control strategy that prioritizes safety and durability. It is also essential to analyze the control characteristics of each component as the dynamic behavior of individual components, coupled with environmental factors, significantly impacts the overall dynamic characteristics of drone systems. This study introduces a PEMFC–battery drone model. The model’s dynamic characteristics can be evaluated based on changes in environmental conditions and the control strategies of primary components. The validity of this model is confirmed by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of drone systems. As a result, the MRAC logic applied to the flight-level control and thrust motor of the drone was found to amplify the characteristics of the underlying PI and IP controllers. These control characteristics can lead to the development of control strategies for improving the flight performance or power durability of the aircraft by being properly applied to the flight environment of the drone.

Suggested Citation

  • Daeil Hyun & Jaeyoung Han & Seokmoo Hong, 2023. "Power Management Strategy of Hybrid Fuel Cell Drones for Flight Performance Improvement Based on Various Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-20, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8001-:d:1297508
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8001/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/24/8001/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boukoberine, Mohamed Nadir & Zhou, Zhibin & Benbouzid, Mohamed, 2019. "A critical review on unmanned aerial vehicles power supply and energy management: Solutions, strategies, and prospects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    2. Feroldi, Diego & Carignano, Mauro, 2016. "Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 645-658.
    3. Donateo, Teresa & Ficarella, Antonio & Spedicato, Luigi & Arista, Alessandro & Ferraro, Marco, 2017. "A new approach to calculating endurance in electric flight and comparing fuel cells and batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 807-819.
    4. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2019. "Advances in proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-end anode operation: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Niansi & Liu, Xiaoyong & Yu, Bendong & Li, Liang & Xu, Jianqiang & Tan, Qiong, 2021. "Study on the environmental adaptability of lithium-ion battery powered UAV under extreme temperature conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    2. Santos, Diogo F.M. & Ferreira, Rui B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2022. "Evaluation of a fuel cell system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Baik, Kyung Don & Yang, Seong Ho, 2020. "Development of cathode cooling fins with a multi-hole structure for open-cathode polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    4. Zhang, Jikai & Wang, Changjian & Zhang, Aifeng, 2022. "Experimental study on temperature and performance of an open-cathode PEMFC stack under thermal radiation environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    5. Zhang, Chaoyu & Zhang, Chengming & Li, Liyi & Guo, Qingbo, 2021. "Parameter analysis of power system for solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    6. Haris, Muhammad & Hasan, Muhammad Noman & Qin, Shiyin, 2021. "Early and robust remaining useful life prediction of supercapacitors using BOHB optimized Deep Belief Network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    7. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2017. "Performance evaluation of a PEM fuel cell stack with variable inlet flows under simulated driving cycle conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 751-764.
    8. Collins, Jeffrey M. & McLarty, Dustin, 2020. "All-electric commercial aviation with solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine-battery hybrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    9. Christopher L. Gardner & Paran J. Sarma & Erik Kjeang, 2022. "Accumulation of Inert Impurities in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell System with Anode Recirculation and Periodic Purge: A Simple Analytical Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-18, March.
    10. Tobias Mueller & Steven Gronau, 2023. "Fostering Macroeconomic Research on Hydrogen-Powered Aviation: A Systematic Literature Review on General Equilibrium Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-33, February.
    11. Zhou, Kehan & Liu, Zhiwei & Zhang, Xin & Liu, Hang & Meng, Nan & Huang, Jianmei & Qi, Mingjing & Song, Xizhen & Yan, Xiaojun, 2022. "A kW-level integrated propulsion system for UAV powered by PEMFC with inclined cathode flow structure design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    12. Paolo Aliberti & Marco Minneci & Marco Sorrentino & Fabrizio Cuomo & Carmine Musto, 2025. "Efficiency-Based Modeling of Aeronautical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems for Integrated Simulation Framework Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-29, February.
    13. Zheng, Weiguang & Ma, Mengcheng & Xu, Enyong & Huang, Qibai, 2024. "An energy management strategy for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles based on model predictive control with a variable time domain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    14. Alicia Triviño & José M. González-González & José A. Aguado, 2021. "Wireless Power Transfer Technologies Applied to Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, Chengjie & Li, Chao & Zhao, Jian, 2021. "A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    16. Andrew Chapman & Hidemichi Fujii, 2022. "The Potential Role of Flying Vehicles in Progressing the Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-11, October.
    17. Yang Gao & Changhong Liu & Yuan Liang & Sadegh Kouhestani Hamed & Fuwei Wang & Bo Bi, 2022. "Minimizing Energy Consumption and Powertrain Cost of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Consideration of Different Driving Cycles and SOC Ranges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-12, August.
    18. Gurunadh Velidi & Chun Sang Yoo, 2023. "A Review on Flame Stabilization Technologies for UAV Engine Micro-Meso Scale Combustors: Progress and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-44, May.
    19. Belmonte, N. & Staulo, S. & Fiorot, S. & Luetto, C. & Rizzi, P. & Baricco, M., 2018. "Fuel cell powered octocopter for inspection of mobile cranes: Design, cost analysis and environmental impacts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 556-565.
    20. Zhu, Jianyun & Chen, Li & Wang, Xuefeng & Yu, Long, 2020. "Bi-level optimal sizing and energy management of hybrid electric propulsion systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:24:p:8001-:d:1297508. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.