IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v48y2015icp452-462.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study of technical, economical and environmental viability of ground source heat pump system for Himalayan cities of India

Author

Listed:
  • Sivasakthivel, T.
  • Murugesan, K.
  • Sahoo, P.K.

Abstract

In recent years applications of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are well utilized for space heating and cooling applications in many countries and India also can benefit from the same. This study estimates the possible energy saving and reduction in CO2 emission by the use of GSHP technology for space heating and cooling applications in cities located in and around the Himalayan region. For the purpose of analysis a building with 120m2 with a medium level of insulation has been considered. Currently, the buildings located in these cities meet their heating and cooling demands by conventional techniques. A detailed study has been carried out to estimate the investment cost, payback period, technical feasibility, greenhouse saving and risk associated with the implementation of GSHP technology using RETScreen tool. The analysis shows that if GSHPs were used in the above cities, they can be ordered based on lower to higher payback period as Darjeeling, Tawang, Shimla, Dehradun, Srinagar, Nangal, Shillong, Chandigarh, Saharanpur and Delhi. The minimum length of ground heat exchanger to supply the required heating and cooling is found to be 140m for heavy rock ground formation and it is affected by different types of ground formations. In any place if the ground formation is a heavy rock, then the length required to meet the building demand is drastically reduced. If the ground formation is a light soil with no moisture, then the length of the heat exchanger is increased multifold. Whenever the knowledge of ground formation is not known thermal response test has to be performed. Countries like India can offer incentives and tax benefits to promote GSHP technologies in order to achieve significant saving in electricity and reduction in CO2 emission.

Suggested Citation

  • Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2015. "Study of technical, economical and environmental viability of ground source heat pump system for Himalayan cities of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 452-462.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:452-462
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115002786
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.008?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nguyen, Hiep V. & Law, Ying Lam E. & Alavy, Masih & Walsh, Philip R. & Leong, Wey H. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2014. "An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 28-38.
    2. Aikins, Kojo Atta & Choi, Jong Min, 2012. "Current status of the performance of GSHP (ground source heat pump) units in the Republic of Korea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 77-82.
    3. Yuan, Yanping & Cao, Xiaoling & Sun, Liangliang & Lei, Bo & Yu, Nanyang, 2012. "Ground source heat pump system: A review of simulation in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6814-6822.
    4. Rehman, Shafiqur & Bader, Maher A. & Al-Moallem, Said A., 2007. "Cost of solar energy generated using PV panels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1843-1857, October.
    5. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "A study on energy and CO2 saving potential of ground source heat pump system in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 278-293.
    6. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "Optimization of ground heat exchanger parameters of ground source heat pump system for space heating applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 573-586.
    7. Kikuchi, Emi & Bristow, David & Kennedy, Christopher A., 2009. "Evaluation of region-specific residential energy systems for GHG reductions: Case studies in Canadian cities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1257-1266, April.
    8. Karytsas, Spyridon & Theodoropoulou, Helen, 2014. "Public awareness and willingness to adopt ground source heat pumps for domestic heating and cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 49-57.
    9. Huang, Zishuo & Yu, Hang & Peng, Zhenwei & Zhao, Mei, 2015. "Methods and tools for community energy planning: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1335-1348.
    10. Shang, Yan & Dong, Ming & Li, Sufen, 2014. "Intermittent experimental study of a vertical ground source heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 628-635.
    11. Genchi, Yutaka & Kikegawa, Yukihiro & Inaba, Atsushi, 2002. "CO2 payback-time assessment of a regional-scale heating and cooling system using a ground source heat-pump in a high energy-consumption area in Tokyo," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 147-160, March.
    12. Cho, Honghyun & Choi, Jong Min, 2014. "The quantitative evaluation of design parameter's effects on a ground source heat pump system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 2-6.
    13. Lee, Kyoung-Ho & Lee, Dong-Won & Baek, Nam-Choon & Kwon, Hyeok-Min & Lee, Chang-Jun, 2012. "Preliminary determination of optimal size for renewable energy resources in buildings using RETScreen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 83-96.
    14. Bakos, G.C. & Petroglou, D.A., 2014. "Simulation study of a large scale line-focus trough collector solar power plant in Greece," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 1-7.
    15. Blum, Philipp & Campillo, Gisela & Münch, Wolfram & Kölbel, Thomas, 2010. "CO2 savings of ground source heat pump systems – A regional analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 122-127.
    16. Qi, Zishu & Gao, Qing & Liu, Yan & Yan, Y.Y. & Spitler, Jeffrey D., 2014. "Status and development of hybrid energy systems from hybrid ground source heat pump in China and other countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 37-51.
    17. Chandran Govindaraju, V.G.R. & Tang, Chor Foon, 2013. "The dynamic links between CO2 emissions, economic growth and coal consumption in China and India," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 310-318.
    18. Lin, Jin-Xu & Wen, Pei-Ling & Feng, Chun-Chiang & Lin, Shih-Mo & Ko, Fu-Kuang, 2014. "Policy target, feed-in tariff, and technological progress of PV in Taiwan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 628-639.
    19. Singh, Kartikeya, 2011. "India's emissions in a climate constrained world," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(6), pages 3476-3482, June.
    20. Etemoglu, A.B. & Can, M., 2007. "Classification of geothermal resources in Turkey by exergy analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(7), pages 1596-1606, September.
    21. Nordman, Erik E., 2014. "Energy transitions in Kenya's tea sector: A wind energy assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 505-514.
    22. Hong, Taehoon & Koo, Choongwan & Kwak, Taehyun, 2013. "Framework for the implementation of a new renewable energy system in an educational facility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 539-551.
    23. Rehman, Shafiqur, 2005. "Prospects of wind farm development in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 447-463.
    24. Mustafa Omer, Abdeen, 2008. "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 344-371, February.
    25. Geng, Yong & Sarkis, Joseph & Wang, Xinbei & Zhao, Hongyan & Zhong, Yongguang, 2013. "Regional application of ground source heat pump in China: A case of Shenyang," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 95-102.
    26. Sliwa, Tomasz & Kotyza, Jaroslaw, 2003. "Application of existing wells as ground heat source for heat pumps in Poland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(1-2), pages 3-8, January.
    27. Ozyurt, Omer & Ekinci, Dundar Arif, 2011. "Experimental study of vertical ground-source heat pump performance evaluation for cold climate in Turkey," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1257-1265, April.
    28. Kaygusuz, Kamil & Kaygusuz, Abdullah, 2004. "Geothermal energy in Turkey: the sustainable future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 8(6), pages 545-563, December.
    29. Paudel, Ananda Mani & Sarper, Hűseyin, 2013. "Economic analysis of a grid-connected commercial photovoltaic system at Colorado State University-Pueblo," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 289-296.
    30. Omojaro, Peter & Breitkopf, Cornelia, 2013. "Direct expansion solar assisted heat pumps: A review of applications and recent research," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 33-45.
    31. Harder, Elizabeth & Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald, 2011. "The costs and benefits of large-scale solar photovoltaic power production in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 789-796.
    32. Daghigh, Ronak & Ruslan, Mohd Hafidz & Sulaiman, Mohamad Yusof & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, 2010. "Review of solar assisted heat pump drying systems for agricultural and marine products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2564-2579, December.
    33. Houston, Carrie & Gyamfi, Samuel & Whale, Jonathan, 2014. "Evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy generation opportunities for small scale dairy farms: A case study in Prince Edward Island, Canada," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 20-29.
    34. Sebarchievici, Calin & Sarbu, Ioan, 2015. "Performance of an experimental ground-coupled heat pump system for heating, cooling and domestic hot-water operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 148-159.
    35. Zhao, Xin-gang & Wan, Guan, 2014. "Current situation and prospect of China׳s geothermal resources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 651-661.
    36. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Thomas, H.R., 2014. "Optimization of operating parameters of ground source heat pump system for space heating and cooling by Taguchi method and utility concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 76-85.
    37. Modi, Anish & Chaudhuri, Anirban & Vijay, Bhavesh & Mathur, Jyotirmay, 2009. "Performance analysis of a solar photovoltaic operated domestic refrigerator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(12), pages 2583-2591, December.
    38. Kodhelaj, Nevton, 2011. "Albanian possibilities on geothermal direct utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 2534-2544, June.
    39. Zhai, X.Q. & Qu, M. & Yu, X. & Yang, Y. & Wang, R.Z., 2011. "A review for the applications and integrated approaches of ground-coupled heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 3133-3140, August.
    40. Lee, Jin-Yong, 2009. "Current status of ground source heat pumps in Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1560-1568, August.
    41. Zhang, Xiaoling, 2013. "Going green: Initiatives and technologies in Shanghai World Expo," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 78-88.
    42. Self, Stuart J. & Reddy, Bale V. & Rosen, Marc A., 2013. "Geothermal heat pump systems: Status review and comparison with other heating options," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 341-348.
    43. Ma, Zhenjun & Wang, Shengwei, 2009. "Building energy research in Hong Kong: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 1870-1883, October.
    44. Michopoulos, A. & Papakostas, K.T. & Kyriakis, N., 2011. "Potential of autonomous ground-coupled heat pump system installations in Greece," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 2122-2129, June.
    45. Raza, Syed Shabbar & Janajreh, Isam & Ghenai, Chaouki, 2014. "Sustainability index approach as a selection criteria for energy storage system of an intermittent renewable energy source," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 909-920.
    46. Yuan, Xueliang & Wang, Xujiang & Zuo, Jian, 2013. "Renewable energy in buildings in China—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 1-8.
    47. Dehmas, Djamila Abdeslame & Kherba, Nabila & Hacene, Fouad Boukli & Merzouk, Nachida Kasbadji & Merzouk, Mustapha & Mahmoudi, Hacene & Goosen, Mattheus F.A., 2011. "On the use of wind energy to power reverse osmosis desalination plant: A case study from Ténès (Algeria)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 956-963, February.
    48. Bagdanavicius, Audrius & Jenkins, Nick, 2013. "Power requirements of ground source heat pumps in a residential area," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 591-600.
    49. Yu, X. & Wang, R.Z. & Zhai, X.Q., 2011. "Year round experimental study on a constant temperature and humidity air-conditioning system driven by ground source heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1309-1318.
    50. Hepbasli, Arif & Ozgener, Leyla, 2004. "Development of geothermal energy utilization in Turkey: a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 8(5), pages 433-460, October.
    51. Saner, Dominik & Juraske, Ronnie & Kübert, Markus & Blum, Philipp & Hellweg, Stefanie & Bayer, Peter, 2010. "Is it only CO2 that matters? A life cycle perspective on shallow geothermal systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 1798-1813, September.
    52. Gao, Qing & Li, Ming & Yu, Ming & Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Yan, Y.Y., 2009. "Review of development from GSHP to UTES in China and other countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1383-1394, August.
    53. Sagia, Z. & Rakopoulos, C. & Kakaras, E., 2012. "Cooling dominated Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 41-47.
    54. Himri, Y. & Rehman, S. & Agus Setiawan, A. & Himri, S., 2012. "Wind energy for rural areas of Algeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2381-2385.
    55. Alam Hossain Mondal, Md. & Sadrul Islam, A.K.M., 2011. "Potential and viability of grid-connected solar PV system in Bangladesh," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1869-1874.
    56. Bayer, Peter & Saner, Dominik & Bolay, Stephan & Rybach, Ladislaus & Blum, Philipp, 2012. "Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 1256-1267.
    57. Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing, 2012. "Performance analysis of a proposed solar assisted ground coupled heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 888-896.
    58. Thompson, Shirley & Si, Minxing, 2014. "Strategic analysis of energy efficiency projects: Case study of a steel mill in Manitoba," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 814-819.
    59. Zhu, Na & Hu, Pingfang & Wang, Wei & Yu, Jianming & Lei, Fei, 2015. "Performance analysis of ground water-source heat pump system with improved control strategies for building retrofit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 324-330.
    60. Khalid, Anjum & Junaidi, Haroon, 2013. "Study of economic viability of photovoltaic electric power for Quetta – Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 253-258.
    61. Mirzahosseini, Alireza Hajiseyed & Taheri, Taraneh, 2012. "Environmental, technical and financial feasibility study of solar power plants by RETScreen, according to the targeting of energy subsidies in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2806-2811.
    62. Lee, Youngmin & Park, Sungho & Kim, Jongchan & Kim, Hyoung Chan & Koo, Min-Ho, 2010. "Geothermal resource assessment in Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(8), pages 2392-2400, October.
    63. Sinha, Sunanda & Chandel, S.S., 2014. "Review of software tools for hybrid renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 192-205.
    64. Naili, Nabiha & Hazami, Majdi & Attar, Issam & Farhat, Abdelhamid, 2013. "In-field performance analysis of ground source cooling system with horizontal ground heat exchanger in Tunisia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 319-331.
    65. Ghafoor, Abdul & Munir, Anjum, 2015. "Design and economics analysis of an off-grid PV system for household electrification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 496-502.
    66. Girard, Aymeric & Gago, Eulalia Jadraque & Muneer, Tariq & Caceres, Gustavo, 2015. "Higher ground source heat pump COP in a residential building through the use of solar thermal collectors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 26-39.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sivasakthivel, T. & Philippe, Mikael & Murugesan, K. & Verma, Vikas & Hu, Pingfang, 2017. "Experimental thermal performance analysis of ground heat exchangers for space heating and cooling applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1168-1181.
    2. Lyu, Weihua & Li, Xianting & Yan, Shuai & Jiang, Sihang, 2020. "Utilizing shallow geothermal energy to develop an energy efficient HVAC system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 672-682.
    3. Bayer, Peter & Attard, Guillaume & Blum, Philipp & Menberg, Kathrin, 2019. "The geothermal potential of cities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 17-30.
    4. Li, Chao & Guan, Yanling & Liu, Jianhong & Jiang, Chao & Yang, Ruitao & Hou, Xueming, 2020. "Heat transfer performance of a deep ground heat exchanger for building heating in long-term service," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 20-34.
    5. Antonio Novelli & Valentina D’Alonzo & Simon Pezzutto & Rubén Aarón Estrada Poggio & Alessandro Casasso & Pietro Zambelli, 2021. "A Spatially-Explicit Economic and Financial Assessment of Closed-Loop Ground-Source Geothermal Heat Pumps: A Case Study for the Residential Buildings of Valle d’Aosta Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-22, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karytsas, Spyridon & Choropanitis, Ioannis, 2017. "Barriers against and actions towards renewable energy technologies diffusion: A Principal Component Analysis for residential ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 252-271.
    2. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "A study on energy and CO2 saving potential of ground source heat pump system in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 278-293.
    3. Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Nagy, Georgina, 2017. "Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 934-952.
    4. Jimin Kim & Taehoon Hong & Myeongsoo Chae & Choongwan Koo & Jaemin Jeong, 2015. "An Environmental and Economic Assessment for Selecting the Optimal Ground Heat Exchanger by Considering the Entering Water Temperature," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-25, July.
    5. Soni, Suresh Kumar & Pandey, Mukesh & Bartaria, Vishvendra Nath, 2016. "Hybrid ground coupled heat exchanger systems for space heating/cooling applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 724-738.
    6. Cui, Yuanlong & Zhu, Jie & Twaha, Ssennoga & Riffat, Saffa, 2018. "A comprehensive review on 2D and 3D models of vertical ground heat exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 84-114.
    7. Wu, Wei & Li, Xianting & You, Tian & Wang, Baolong & Shi, Wenxing, 2015. "Combining ground source absorption heat pump with ground source electrical heat pump for thermal balance, higher efficiency and better economy in cold regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 74-88.
    8. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.
    9. Nguyen, Hiep V. & Law, Ying Lam E. & Alavy, Masih & Walsh, Philip R. & Leong, Wey H. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2014. "An analysis of the factors affecting hybrid ground-source heat pump installation potential in North America," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 28-38.
    10. You, Tian & Wu, Wei & Shi, Wenxing & Wang, Baolong & Li, Xianting, 2016. "An overview of the problems and solutions of soil thermal imbalance of ground-coupled heat pumps in cold regions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 515-536.
    11. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
    12. Wang, Guiling & Wang, Wanli & Luo, Jin & Zhang, Yuhao, 2019. "Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 392-421.
    13. Haehnlein, Stefanie & Bayer, Peter & Blum, Philipp, 2010. "International legal status of the use of shallow geothermal energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2611-2625, December.
    14. Elisa Moretti & Emanuele Bonamente & Cinzia Buratti & Franco Cotana, 2013. "Development of Innovative Heating and Cooling Systems Using Renewable Energy Sources for Non-Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-16, October.
    15. Liu, Zhijian & Xu, Wei & Zhai, Xue & Qian, Cheng & Chen, Xi, 2017. "Feasibility and performance study of the hybrid ground-source heat pump system for one office building in Chinese heating dominated areas," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 1131-1140.
    16. Hu, Jinzhong, 2017. "An improved analytical model for vertical borehole ground heat exchanger with multiple-layer substrates and groundwater flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 537-549.
    17. Ma, Zhenjun & Xia, Lei & Gong, Xuemei & Kokogiannakis, Georgios & Wang, Shugang & Zhou, Xinlei, 2020. "Recent advances and development in optimal design and control of ground source heat pump systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    18. Carvalho, Anabela Duarte & Mendrinos, Dimitris & De Almeida, Anibal T., 2015. "Ground source heat pump carbon emissions and primary energy reduction potential for heating in buildings in Europe—results of a case study in Portugal," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 755-768.
    19. Bayer, Peter & de Paly, Michael & Beck, Markus, 2014. "Strategic optimization of borehole heat exchanger field for seasonal geothermal heating and cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 445-453.
    20. Reda, Francesco, 2015. "Long term performance of different SAGSHP solutions for residential energy supply in Finland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 31-50.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:452-462. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.