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Evaluation of region-specific residential energy systems for GHG reductions: Case studies in Canadian cities

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  • Kikuchi, Emi
  • Bristow, David
  • Kennedy, Christopher A.

Abstract

This study estimates energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with operations of alternative residential energy systems. In case studies, the same detached four-bedroom house built in accordance with R2000 standards is studied in five Canadian cities with different climate and electricity mix. Conventional energy systems and alternatives using three technologies, namely ground source heat pumps (GSHPs), photovoltaics, and energy-efficient appliances; and their combinations are investigated. The results show that using a GSHP in Calgary may increase overall GHG emissions, as electricity to drive the pump is primarily produced in coal-fired power stations. Using photovoltaics to generate electricity from carbon-free sources or energy-efficient appliances to reduce electricity demands result in almost no GHG reductions in Montreal and Vancouver, where over 90% of electricity comes from hydro power. The results also show that the use of photovoltaics in combination with GSHPs in Ottawa and Toronto, or with energy-efficient appliances in Calgary, can lead to more GHG reductions, compared to the use of a single technology. As a result, while climate affects energy use to some degree, local sources of electricity may have a greater impact on overall GHG emissions, which is an important measure of environmental impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Kikuchi, Emi & Bristow, David & Kennedy, Christopher A., 2009. "Evaluation of region-specific residential energy systems for GHG reductions: Case studies in Canadian cities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1257-1266, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:37:y:2009:i:4:p:1257-1266
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    3. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2015. "Study of technical, economical and environmental viability of ground source heat pump system for Himalayan cities of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 452-462.
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    5. Upadhyay, Subho & Sharma, M.P., 2016. "Selection of a suitable energy management strategy for a hybrid energy system in a remote rural area of India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 352-366.
    6. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "A study on energy and CO2 saving potential of ground source heat pump system in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 278-293.
    7. de Moel, Monique & Bach, Peter M. & Bouazza, Abdelmalek & Singh, Rao M. & Sun, JingLiang O., 2010. "Technological advances and applications of geothermal energy pile foundations and their feasibility in Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2683-2696, December.
    8. Bristow, David & Kennedy, Christopher A., 2010. "Potential of building-scale alternative energy to alleviate risk from the future price of energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 1885-1894, April.
    9. Lorenc Malka & Elena Bebi & Majlinda Alcani & Ilirian Konomi & Pietro Bartocci & Evis Berberi & Matilda Shehu(Tola) & Ardit Gjeta & Ermonela Rrapaj, 2021. "The Future Strategies of the Wind Power Development in Albania: Case Study: Qafe Thane, Pogradec, Albania," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(4), pages 486-503.
    10. Côté, Elizabeth & Pons-Seres de Brauwer, Cristian, 2023. "Preferences of homeowners for heat-pump leasing: Evidence from a choice experiment in France, Germany, and Switzerland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    11. Ranjan K. Bose, 2010. "Energy Efficient Cities : Assessment Tools and Benchmarking Practices," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2449.

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