IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v35y2010i1p122-127.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

CO2 savings of ground source heat pump systems – A regional analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Blum, Philipp
  • Campillo, Gisela
  • Münch, Wolfram
  • Kölbel, Thomas

Abstract

In the current study the savings of CO2 emissions due to the use of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems was investigated in comparison to conventional heating systems. Based on a subsidy program for GSHP systems in southwest Germany, the regional, average, and total CO2 savings of 1105 installed GSHP systems were determined on a regional scale. The emitted CO2 per kWh of heating demand for the studied scenario resulted in 149gCO2/kWh for GSHP using the German electricity mix and 65gCO2/kWh using the regional electricity mix, which results in CO2 savings of 35% or 72%, respectively. Similar CO2 avoidances of GSHP systems were found in American and European studies ranging between 15% and 77% strongly depending on the supplied energy for the heat pumps and the efficiency of installation. The resulting CO2 savings for one installed GSHP unit in the present study therefore range between 1800 and 4000kg per year. Nevertheless, the minimum average total annual CO2 savings of all installed GSHP systems due to the subsidy program amounted to 2000 tons per year. The maximum regional avoided additional CO2 emissions are primarily associated with the affluent suburbs of the most densely populated area in the region. In 2006 the total contribution of CO2 savings due to GSHP systems in Germany was only about 3.4% of the total renewable energies. However, continuously rising numbers of installed GSHP units and the increasing use of renewable electricity demonstrate that there is a fine opportunity to substantially avoid additional CO2 emissions associated with the provision of heating (and cooling) of buildings and other facilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Blum, Philipp & Campillo, Gisela & Münch, Wolfram & Kölbel, Thomas, 2010. "CO2 savings of ground source heat pump systems – A regional analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 122-127.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:1:p:122-127
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.03.034
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148109003024
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2009.03.034?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ondreka, Joris & Rüsgen, Maike Inga & Stober, Ingrid & Czurda, Kurt, 2007. "GIS-supported mapping of shallow geothermal potential of representative areas in south-western Germany—Possibilities and limitations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(13), pages 2186-2200.
    2. Mustafa Omer, Abdeen, 2008. "Ground-source heat pumps systems and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 344-371, February.
    3. Dincer, Ibrahim, 2000. "Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 157-175, June.
    4. Barbier, Enrico, 2002. "Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 6(1-2), pages 3-65.
    5. Lund, John W., 1997. "Direct heat utilization of geothermal resources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 403-408.
    6. Fridleifsson, Ingvar B., 2001. "Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 299-312, September.
    7. Fontaras, Georgios & Samaras, Zissis, 2007. "A quantitative analysis of the European Automakers' voluntary commitment to reduce CO2 emissions from new passenger cars based on independent experimental data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 2239-2248, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Karytsas, Spyridon & Choropanitis, Ioannis, 2017. "Barriers against and actions towards renewable energy technologies diffusion: A Principal Component Analysis for residential ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 252-271.
    2. Jha, Sunil Kr. & Bilalovic, Jasmin & Jha, Anju & Patel, Nilesh & Zhang, Han, 2017. "Renewable energy: Present research and future scope of Artificial Intelligence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 297-317.
    3. Nakomcic-Smaragdakis, Branka & Dvornic, Tijana & Cepic, Zoran & Dragutinovic, Natasa, 2016. "Analysis and possible geothermal energy utilization in a municipality of Panonian Basin of Serbia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 940-951.
    4. Blum, Philipp & Campillo, Gisela & Kölbel, Thomas, 2011. "Techno-economic and spatial analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems in Germany," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3002-3011.
    5. Angelis-Dimakis, Athanasios & Biberacher, Markus & Dominguez, Javier & Fiorese, Giulia & Gadocha, Sabine & Gnansounou, Edgard & Guariso, Giorgio & Kartalidis, Avraam & Panichelli, Luis & Pinedo, Irene, 2011. "Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1182-1200, February.
    6. Carotenuto, Alberto & Ciccolella, Michela & Massarotti, Nicola & Mauro, Alessandro, 2016. "Models for thermo-fluid dynamic phenomena in low enthalpy geothermal energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 330-355.
    7. Bakirci, Kadir & Colak, Derya, 2012. "Effect of a superheating and sub-cooling heat exchanger to the performance of a ground source heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 996-1004.
    8. Somogyi, Viola & Sebestyén, Viktor & Nagy, Georgina, 2017. "Scientific achievements and regulation of shallow geothermal systems in six European countries – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P2), pages 934-952.
    9. Rodríguez, Rafael & Díaz, María B., 2009. "Analysis of the utilization of mine galleries as geothermal heat exchangers by means a semi-empirical prediction method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1716-1725.
    10. Sanchez-Alfaro, Pablo & Sielfeld, Gerd & Campen, Bart Van & Dobson, Patrick & Fuentes, Víctor & Reed, Andy & Palma-Behnke, Rodrigo & Morata, Diego, 2015. "Geothermal barriers, policies and economics in Chile – Lessons for the Andes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1390-1401.
    11. Wilberforce, Tabbi & El Hassan, Zaki & Durrant, A. & Thompson, J. & Soudan, Bassel & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Overview of ocean power technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 165-181.
    12. Sowizdzal, Anna, 2018. "Geothermal energy resources in Poland – Overview of the current state of knowledge," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 4020-4027.
    13. Motasemi, F. & Afzal, Muhammad T., 2013. "A review on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 317-330.
    14. Halkos, George E. & Tzeremes, Nickolaos G., 2014. "The effect of electricity consumption from renewable sources on countries׳ economic growth levels: Evidence from advanced, emerging and developing economies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 166-173.
    15. Abbas, Tauqeer & Ahmed Bazmi, Aqeel & Waheed Bhutto, Abdul & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2014. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan-geothermal energy prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 258-269.
    16. Etemoglu, A.B. & Can, M., 2007. "Classification of geothermal resources in Turkey by exergy analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(7), pages 1596-1606, September.
    17. R.V., Rohit & R., Vipin Raj & Kiplangat, Dennis C. & R., Veena & Jose, Rajan & Pradeepkumar, A.P. & Kumar, K. Satheesh, 2023. "Tracing the evolution and charting the future of geothermal energy research and development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    18. Kose, Ramazan, 2007. "Geothermal energy potential for power generation in Turkey: A case study in Simav, Kutahya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 497-511, April.
    19. Köse, Ramazan, 2005. "Research on the generation of electricity from the geothermal resources in Simav region, Turkey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 67-79.
    20. Bakirci, Kadir, 2010. "Evaluation of the performance of a ground-source heat-pump system with series GHE (ground heat exchanger) in the cold climate region," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3088-3096.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:1:p:122-127. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.