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Biodiesel production from refined sunflower vegetable oil over KOH/ZSM5 catalysts

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  • Saba, Tony
  • Estephane, Jane
  • El Khoury, Bilal
  • El Khoury, Maroulla
  • Khazma, Mahmoud
  • El Zakhem, Henri
  • Aouad, Samer

Abstract

ZSM5 zeolite was impregnated with different KOH loadings (15 wt.%, 25 wt.% and 35 wt.%) to prepare a series of KOH/ZSM5 catalysts. The catalysts were calcined at 500 °C for 3 h and then characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The catalysts were tested in the transesterification reaction in a batch reactor at 60 °C and under atmospheric pressure. It was found that KOH/ZSM5 with 35 wt.% loading showed the best catalytic performance. The best reaction conditions in the presence of KOH/ZSM5 (35 wt.%) were determined while modifying the catalyst to oil ratio and the reaction time. The highest methyl ester yield (>95%) was obtained for a reaction time of 24 h, a catalyst to oil ratio of 18 wt.%, and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1. The properties of produced biodiesel complied with the ASTM specifications. The catalytic stability test showed that 35KOH/ZSM5 was stable for 3 consecutive runs. Characterization of the spent catalyst indicated that a slight deactivation might be due to the leaching of potassium oxides active sites.

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  • Saba, Tony & Estephane, Jane & El Khoury, Bilal & El Khoury, Maroulla & Khazma, Mahmoud & El Zakhem, Henri & Aouad, Samer, 2016. "Biodiesel production from refined sunflower vegetable oil over KOH/ZSM5 catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 301-306.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:90:y:2016:i:c:p:301-306
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.01.009
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    5. Li, Lu & Zou, Changjun & Zhou, Lu & Lin, Lang, 2017. "Cucurbituril-protected Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 for optimized biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 14-22.
    6. Sakthivel, R. & Ramesh, K. & Purnachandran, R. & Mohamed Shameer, P., 2018. "A review on the properties, performance and emission aspects of the third generation biodiesels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2970-2992.
    7. Das, Bikashbindu & Mohanty, Kaustubha, 2019. "A review on advances in sustainable energy production through various catalytic processes by using catalysts derived from waste red mud," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1791-1811.
    8. Masera, Kemal & Hossain, Abul Kalam, 2023. "Advancement of biodiesel fuel quality and NOx emission control techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    9. Nahas, Lea & Dahdah, Eliane & Aouad, Samer & El Khoury, Bilal & Gennequin, Cedric & Abi Aad, Edmond & Estephane, Jane, 2023. "Highly efficient scallop seashell-derived catalyst for biodiesel production from sunflower and waste cooking oils: Reaction kinetics and effect of calcination temperature studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1086-1095.
    10. Alsharifi, Mariam & Znad, Hussein & Hena, Sufia & Ang, Ming, 2017. "Biodiesel production from canola oil using novel Li/TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst prepared via impregnation method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1077-1089.
    11. Gohain, Minakshi & Bardhan, Pritam & Laskar, Khairujjaman & Sarmah, Saswati & Mandal, Manabendra & Bora, Utpal & Chandra Kalita, Mohan & Goud, Vaibhav Vasant & Deka, Dhanapati, 2020. "Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: A source of heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from yeast single cell oil and waste cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 220-230.
    12. Xie, Wenlei & Xiong, Yunfei & Wang, Hongyan, 2021. "Fe3O4-poly(AGE-DVB-GMA) composites immobilized with guanidine as a magnetically recyclable catalyst for enhanced biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 758-768.
    13. Cai, Dongren & Zhan, Guowu & Xiao, Jingran & Zhou, Shu-Feng & Qiu, Ting, 2021. "Design and synthesis of novel amphipathic ionic liquids for biodiesel production from soapberry oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 779-790.
    14. Fereidooni, Leila & Tahvildari, Kambiz & Mehrpooya, Mehdi, 2018. "Trans-esterification of waste cooking oil with methanol by electrolysis process using KOH," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 183-193.

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    Keywords

    Biodiesel; Transesterification; KOH; ZSM5; Reusability;
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