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Biodiesel from mutton fat using KOH impregnated MgO as heterogeneous catalysts

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  • Mutreja, Vishal
  • Singh, Satnam
  • Ali, Amjad

Abstract

The use of MgO impregnated with KOH as heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of mutton fat with methanol has been evaluated. The mutton fat (fat) with methanol (1:22 M ratio) at 65 °C showed > 98% conversion to biodiesel with 4 wt% of MgO–KOH-2011MgO–KOH-X (X = wt% of KOH impregnation over MgO). (MgO impregnated with 20 wt% of KOH) in 20 min. The reaction conditions optimized were; the amount of KOH impregnation (5–20 wt%), the amount of catalyst (1.5–4 wt%, catalyst/fat), the reaction temperature (45–65 °C), fat to methanol molar ratio (1:11–1:22) and the effect of addition of water/oleic acid/palmitic acid (upto 1 wt%). Although, transesterification of fresh fat (moisture content 0.02 wt% and free fatty acids 0.002 wt%) with methanol in the presence of KOH (homogenous catalyst) resulted in the complete conversion to biodiesel, but in the presence of additional 1 wt% of either free fatty acid or moisture content, formation of soap was observed. The MgO–KOH-20 catalyst was found to tolerate additional 1 wt% of either the moisture or FFAs in the fat.

Suggested Citation

  • Mutreja, Vishal & Singh, Satnam & Ali, Amjad, 2011. "Biodiesel from mutton fat using KOH impregnated MgO as heterogeneous catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 2253-2258.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:8:p:2253-2258
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.01.019
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    1. Borges, M.E. & Díaz, L., 2012. "Recent developments on heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production by oil esterification and transesterification reactions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2839-2849.
    2. Banković-Ilić, Ivana B. & Stojković, Ivan J. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Veljkovic, Vlada B. & Hung, Yung-Tse, 2014. "Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 238-254.
    3. Bambase, Manolito E. & Almazan, Rober Angelo R. & Demafelis, Rex B. & Sobremisana, Marisa J. & Dizon, Lisa Stephanie H., 2021. "Biodiesel production from refined coconut oil using hydroxide-impregnated calcium oxide by cosolvent method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 571-578.
    4. Saba, Tony & Estephane, Jane & El Khoury, Bilal & El Khoury, Maroulla & Khazma, Mahmoud & El Zakhem, Henri & Aouad, Samer, 2016. "Biodiesel production from refined sunflower vegetable oil over KOH/ZSM5 catalysts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 301-306.
    5. Chakraborty, R. & Sahu, H., 2014. "Intensification of biodiesel production from waste goat tallow using infrared radiation: Process evaluation through response surface methodology and artificial neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 827-836.
    6. Galadima, Ahmad & Muraza, Oki, 2014. "Biodiesel production from algae by using heterogeneous catalysts: A critical review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 72-83.
    7. Adewale, Peter & Dumont, Marie-Josée & Ngadi, Michael, 2015. "Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 574-588.
    8. Keskin, Ahmet, 2018. "Two-step methyl ester production and characterization from the broiler rendering fat: The optimization of the first step," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 216-224.
    9. Bet-Moushoul, Elsie & Farhadi, Khalil & Mansourpanah, Yaghoub & Molaie, Rahim & Forough, Mehrdad & Nikbakht, Ali Mohammad, 2016. "Development of novel Ag/bauxite nanocomposite as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 12-21.
    10. Simões, S.S. & Ribeiro, J.S. & Celante, D. & Brondani, L.N. & Castilhos, F., 2020. "Heterogeneous catalyst screening for fatty acid methyl esters production through interesterification reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 719-726.
    11. Dahdah, Eliane & Estephane, Jane & Haydar, Reem & Youssef, Yara & El Khoury, Bilal & Gennequin, Cedric & Aboukaïs, Antoine & Abi-Aad, Edmond & Aouad, Samer, 2020. "Biodiesel production from refined sunflower oil over Ca–Mg–Al catalysts: Effect of the composition and the thermal treatment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1242-1248.
    12. Mutreja, Vishal & Singh, Satnam & Ali, Amjad, 2014. "Potassium impregnated nanocrystalline mixed oxides of La and Mg as heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 226-233.
    13. Subramaniam, D. & Murugesan, A. & Avinash, A. & Kumaravel, A., 2013. "Bio-diesel production and its engine characteristics—An expatiate view," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 361-370.
    14. Chakraborty, Rajat & Gupta, Abhishek.K. & Chowdhury, Ratul, 2014. "Conversion of slaughterhouse and poultry farm animal fats and wastes to biodiesel: Parametric sensitivity and fuel quality assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 120-134.
    15. Dariusz Kurczyński & Grzegorz Wcisło & Agnieszka Leśniak & Miłosław Kozak & Piotr Łagowski, 2022. "Production and Testing of Butyl and Methyl Esters as New Generation Biodiesels from Fatty Wastes of the Leather Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.

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