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Ethanolysis of rapeseed oil by KOH as homogeneous and as heterogeneous catalyst supported on alumina and CaO

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  • Hájek, Martin
  • Skopal, František
  • Čapek, Libor
  • Černoch, Michal
  • Kutálek, Petr

Abstract

The alkaline-catalyzed ethanolysis of rapeseed oil was studied. In the case of homogeneous catalysis (KOH), the effects of various reaction conditions on the quantity and quality of biodiesel (yield, purity, acid number, carbon residue, free glycerol, potassium content) and the glycerol phase (weight, soaps and ethyl esters content) were studied. The studied reaction conditions were: the reaction temperature and time, the catalyst concentration, the molar ratio of ethanol to oil, the revolutions of stirring, the temperature and time of deethanolisation and the initial temperature of the separation. Data was evaluated by linear regression on the statistical basis of multivariable systems. The final linear models were verified by independent experiments and they are able to predict the biodiesel quantity and quality in the range of the reaction conditions. Finally, the factor analysis of the ester phase variables was carried out. Moreover, ethanolysis was catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalytic system; attention was focused not only on catalyst activity but also on catalyst stability, which was determined by potassium leaching.

Suggested Citation

  • Hájek, Martin & Skopal, František & Čapek, Libor & Černoch, Michal & Kutálek, Petr, 2012. "Ethanolysis of rapeseed oil by KOH as homogeneous and as heterogeneous catalyst supported on alumina and CaO," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 392-397.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:48:y:2012:i:1:p:392-397
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.06.052
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    1. Yuan, Xingzhong & Liu, Jia & Zeng, Guangming & Shi, Jingang & Tong, Jingyi & Huang, Guohe, 2008. "Optimization of conversion of waste rapeseed oil with high FFA to biodiesel using response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1678-1684.
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    4. Pereira, Caio & Wang, Gongliang & Costa, Mário, 2014. "Combustion of biodiesel in a large-scale laboratory furnace," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 950-955.
    5. Yatish, K.V. & Prakash, R. Mithun & Ningaraju, C. & Sakar, M. & GeethaBalakrishna, R. & Lalithamba, H.S., 2021. "Terminalia chebula as a novel green source for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and as feedstock for biodiesel production and its application on diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
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    7. Niu, Shengli & Zhou, Yan & Li, Hui & Lu, Chunmei & Liu, Li, 2015. "An investigation on the catalytic capability of the modified white mud after activation in transesterification and kinetic calculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 982-989.
    8. Liang, Xuezheng, 2013. "Synthesis of biodiesel from waste oil under mild conditions using novel acidic ionic liquid immobilization on poly divinylbenzene," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 103-108.
    9. Ma, Yingqun & Wang, Qunhui & Sun, Xiaohong & Wu, Chuanfu & Gao, Zhen, 2017. "Kinetics studies of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using FeCl3-modified resin as heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 522-530.
    10. Ma, Yingqun & Wang, Qunhui & Zheng, Lu & Gao, Zhen & Wang, Qiang & Ma, Yuhui, 2016. "Mixed methanol/ethanol on transesterification of waste cooking oil using Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 523-531.
    11. Ding, Hui & Ye, Wei & Wang, Yongqiang & Wang, Xianqin & Li, Lujun & Liu, Dan & Gui, Jianzhou & Song, Chunfeng & Ji, Na, 2018. "Process intensification of transesterification for biodiesel production from palm oil: Microwave irradiation on transesterification reaction catalyzed by acidic imidazolium ionic liquids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 957-967.
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    13. Ng, Wendy Pei Qin & Lam, Hon Loong & Yusup, Suzana, 2013. "Supply network synthesis on rubber seed oil utilisation as potential biofuel feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 82-88.

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