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Biodiesel production from esterification of oleic acid by a sulfonated magnetic solid acid catalyst

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  • Wang, Yi-Tong
  • Yang, Xing-Xia
  • Xu, Jie
  • Wang, Hong-Li
  • Wang, Zi-Bing
  • Zhang, Lei
  • Wang, Shao-Long
  • Liang, Jing-Long

Abstract

Novel sulfonated magnetic solid acid catalysts (ZrFe-SA-SO3H) with both Bronsted and Lewis sites were synthesized, which provided both a high density of surface acidity (4.4–8.4 mmol/g) and considerable magnetization (3.7–8.1 Am2/kg). The synthesized catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, XRD, ICP-OES, FT-IR, BET, SEM-EDX, TEM, TG-DSC, VSM and Boehm titration. The prepared catalysts were tested in the esterification of oleic acid, with high yields of biodiesel (92.7–99.5%) for the first catalytic cycle at 90 °C for 4 h. A High biodiesel yield of 90.3% was still achieved after five cycles of Zr1.0Fe1.0-SA-SO3H. A similar situation was also observed when using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to replace SA during catalyst preparation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Yi-Tong & Yang, Xing-Xia & Xu, Jie & Wang, Hong-Li & Wang, Zi-Bing & Zhang, Lei & Wang, Shao-Long & Liang, Jing-Long, 2019. "Biodiesel production from esterification of oleic acid by a sulfonated magnetic solid acid catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 688-695.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:139:y:2019:i:c:p:688-695
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.111
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    6. Elena Khan & Kadir Ozaltin & Damiano Spagnuolo & Andres Bernal-Ballen & Maxim V. Piskunov & Antonio Di Martino, 2023. "Biodiesel from Rapeseed and Sunflower Oil: Effect of the Transesterification Conditions and Oxidation Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-13, January.
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    9. Abdelmigeed, Mai O. & Al-Sakkari, Eslam G. & Hefney, Mahmoud S. & Ismail, Fatma M. & Ahmed, Tamer S. & Ismail, Ibrahim M., 2021. "Biodiesel production catalyzed by NaOH/Magnetized ZIF-8: Yield improvement using methanolysis and catalyst reusability enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 253-261.
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