IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/usdami/333551.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

U.S. Organic Production, Markets, Consumers, and Policy, 2000-21

Author

Listed:
  • Carlson, Andrea
  • Greene, Catherine
  • Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon
  • Hitaj, Claudia
  • Ha, Kim
  • Cavigelli, Michel
  • Ferrier, Peyton
  • McBride, William

Abstract

Organic agriculture can support global and domestic food needs, expand consumer food choices, enhance farm profitability, and increase agricultural sustainability. Public policy has played a key role in the development of the organic industry in the United States, beginning with the passage of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) subsequent publication of national organic rules in 2000. While U.S. organic acreage was still only 1 percent of U.S. farmland in 2019, organic farm sales accounted for about 3 percent of U.S. farm receipts. Consumer demand for organically produced products has driven an expansion in U.S. organic production since 2000. The premiums paid by consumers give farmers the opportunity to recover the cost of production and improve their financial well-being. This report describes U.S. organic policy initiatives since 2000 and examines the importance of investment in research on organic practices. The report also investigates key components of organic supply chains—including production, certification, farm-level costs and returns, wholesale markets, and industry structure—along with the evolving characteristics of organic food consumers and retail markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlson, Andrea & Greene, Catherine & Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon & Hitaj, Claudia & Ha, Kim & Cavigelli, Michel & Ferrier, Peyton & McBride, William, 2023. "U.S. Organic Production, Markets, Consumers, and Policy, 2000-21," USDA Miscellaneous 333551, United States Department of Agriculture.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:usdami:333551
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.333551
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333551/files/err-315.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.22004/ag.econ.333551?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Phillips-Connolly, Kate & Connolly, Aidan J., 2017. "When Amazon ate Whole Foods: big changes for Big Food," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 20(5).
    2. Shiksha Kushwah & Amandeep Dhir & Mahim Sagar & Bhumika Gupta, 2019. "Determinants of organic food consumption. A systematic literature review on motives and barriers," Post-Print hal-02559373, HAL.
    3. Carlson, Andrea & Jaenicke, Edward, 2016. "Changes in Retail Organic Price Premiums from 2004 to 2010," Economic Research Report 242448, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Greene, Catherine & McBride, William D., 2015. "Consumer Demand for Organiz Milk Continues to Expand-Can the U.S. Dairy Sector Catch Up?," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 30(1), pages 1-6.
    5. de Ponti, Tomek & Rijk, Bert & van Ittersum, Martin K., 2012. "The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-9.
    6. Kiesel Kristin & Villas-Boas Sofia B, 2007. "Got Organic Milk? Consumer Valuations of Milk Labels after the Implementation of the USDA Organic Seal," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 5(1), pages 1-40, April.
    7. McBride, William D. & Greene, Catherine & Foreman, Linda & Ali, Mir, 2015. "The Profit Potential of Certified Organic Field Crop Production," Economic Research Report 262208, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    8. McBride, William D. & Greene, Catherine R., 2009. "Characteristics, Costs, and Issues for Organic Dairy Farming," Economic Research Report 55952, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    9. Kuchler, Fred & Greene, Catherine & Bowman, Maria & Marshall, Kandice K. & Bovay, John & Lynch, Lori, 2017. "Beyond Nutrition and Organic Labels—30 Years of Experience With Intervening in Food Labels," Economic Research Report 291967, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    10. Pietro Barbieri & Sylvain Pellerin & Verena Seufert & Thomas Nesme, 2019. "Changes in crop rotations would impact food production in an organically farmed world," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 2(5), pages 378-385, May.
    11. Stacy Sneeringer & Gianna Short & Matthew MacLachlan & Maria Bowman, 2020. "Impacts on Livestock Producers and Veterinarians of FDA Policies on Use of Medically Important Antibiotics in Food Animal Production," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 42(4), pages 674-694, December.
    12. Saksena, Michelle J. & Okrent, Abigail M. & Anekwe, Tobenna D. & Cho, Clare & Dicken, Christopher & Effland, Anne & Elitzak, Howard & Guthrie, Joanne & Hamrick, Karen S. & Hyman, Jeffrey & Jo, Young &, 2018. "America’s Eating Habits:Food Away From Home," Economic Information Bulletin 281119, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    13. Verena Seufert & Navin Ramankutty & Jonathan A. Foley, 2012. "Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture," Nature, Nature, vol. 485(7397), pages 229-232, May.
    14. Claassen, Roger & Bowman, Maria & McFadden, Jonathan & Smith, David & Wallander, Steven, 2018. "Tillage Intensity and Conservation Cropping in the United States," Economic Information Bulletin 277566, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    15. Ariel Singerman & Sergio H. Lence & Amanda Kimble‐Evans, 2014. "How Related Are the Prices of Organic and Conventional Corn and Soybean?," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(3), pages 309-330, June.
    16. Greene, Catherine R. & Slattery, Edward & McBride, William D., 2010. "America’s Organic Farmers Face Issues and Opportunities," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, pages 1-6.
    17. Greene, Catherine & Wechsler, Seth J. & Adalja, Aaron & Hanson, James, 2016. "Economic Issues in the Coexistence of Organic, Genetically Engineered (GE), and Non-GE Crops," Economic Information Bulletin 232929, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    18. F. Kuchler & M. Bowman & M. Sweitzer & C. Greene, 2020. "Evidence from Retail Food Markets That Consumers Are Confused by Natural and Organic Food Labels," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 379-395, June.
    19. Hellerstein, Daniel & Vilorio, Dennis, 2019. "Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2019," Economic Information Bulletin 288293, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    20. Hoffman, Eric & Cavigelli, Michel A. & Camargo, Gustavo & Ryan, Matthew & Ackroyd, Victoria J. & Richard, Tom L. & Mirsky, Steven, 2018. "Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional grain crop production: Accounting for nutrient inflows," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 89-96.
    21. Stevens-Garmon, John & Huang, Chung L. & Lin, Biing-Hwan, 2007. "Organic Demand: A Profile of Consumers in the Fresh Produce Market," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 22(2), pages 1-8.
    22. Bovay, John, 2016. "FDA Refusals of Imported Food Products by Country and Category, 2005-2013," Economic Information Bulletin 262146, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    23. DiGiacomo, Gigi & King, Robert P., 2015. "Making the transition to organic: ten farm profiles," Miscellaneous Publications 207981, University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics.
    24. Heisey, Paul W & Fuglie, Keith O., 2018. "Agricultural Research Investment and Policy Reform in High-Income Countries," Economic Research Report 276235, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    25. Edwards-Jones, G. & Howells, O., 2001. "The origin and hazard of inputs to crop protection in organic farming systems: are they sustainable?," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 67(1), pages 31-47, January.
    26. Whitt, Christine E. & Todd, Jessica E. & MacDonald, James M., 2020. "America's Diverse Family Farms: 2020 Edition - EIB-220," Amber Waves:The Economics of Food, Farming, Natural Resources, and Rural America, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 2020, December.
    27. Stewart, Hayden & Kuchler, Fred & Cessna, Jerry & Hahn, William, 2020. "Are Plant-Based Analogues Replacing Cow’s Milk in the American Diet?," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(4), pages 562-579, November.
    28. Dillon, Matthew, 2019. "U.S. Foodmakers: Strategies to Expand Domestic Sourcing of Organic Supplies," Agricultural Outlook Forum 2019 296875, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Outlook Forum, USDA Office of the Chief Economist.
    29. Kiesel Kristin & Villas-Boas Sofia B, 2007. "Got Organic Milk? Consumer Valuations of Milk Labels after the Implementation of the USDA Organic Seal," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 5(1), pages 1-40, April.
    30. Levin, David & Noriega, Danton & Dicken, Chris & Okrent, Abigail M. & Harding, Matt & Lovenheim, Michael, 2018. "Examining Food Store Scanner Data: A Comparison of the IRI InfoScan Data With Other Data Sets, 2008–2012," Technical Bulletins 283705, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    31. Buzby, Jean C. & Unnevehr, Laurian J. & Roberts, Donna, 2008. "Food Safety and Imports: An Analysis of FDA Food-Related Import Refusal Reports," Economic Information Bulletin 58626, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    32. Kuhns, Annemarie & Saksena, Michelle, 2017. "Food Purchase Decisions of Millennial Households Compared to Other Generations," Economic Information Bulletin 291931, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sharon Raszap Skorbiansky & Michael K Adjemian, 2021. "Not All Thin Markets Are Alike: The Case of Organic and Non‐genetically Engineered Corn and Soybeans," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(1), pages 117-133, February.
    2. Syed Badruddoza & Andrea C. Carlson & Jill J. McCluskey, 2022. "Long‐term dynamics of US organic milk, eggs, and yogurt premiums," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(1), pages 45-72, January.
    3. Carlson, Andrea & Jaenicke, Edward, 2016. "Changes in Retail Organic Price Premiums from 2004 to 2010," Economic Research Report 242448, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    4. Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon & Adjemian, Michael K. & Saitone, Tina L. & Sexton, Richard J., 2017. "Price Determination and Margin Volatility in Thinly Traded Commodity Markets: An Application to Major U.S. Field Crops," 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois 258577, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Nelson, Mack C. & Styles, Erika K. & Pattanaik, Nalini & Liu, Xuanli & Brown, James, 2015. "Georgia Farmers’ Perceptions of Production Barrier in Organic Vegetable and Fruit Agriculture," 2015 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia 196868, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    6. Matthias Staudigel & Aleksej Trubnikov, 2022. "High price premiums as barriers to organic meat demand? A hedonic analysis considering species, cut and retail outlet," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 66(2), pages 309-334, April.
    7. Niraj Prakash Joshi & Luni Piya, 2021. "Food and Nutrient Supply from Organic Agriculture in the Least Developed Countries and North America," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Stewart, Hayden & Kuchler, Fred & Dong, Diansheng & Cessna, Jerry, 2021. "Examining the Decline in U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Fluid Cow’s Milk, 2003–18," Economic Research Report 327183, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    9. Maximilian Koppenberg, 2023. "Markups, organic agriculture and downstream concentration at the example of European dairy farmers," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(2), pages 161-178, March.
    10. Saavoss, Monica & Capehart, Tom & McBride, William & Effland, Anne, 2021. "Trends in Production Practices and Costs of the U.S. Corn Sector," USDA Miscellaneous 312954, United States Department of Agriculture.
    11. Lee, Yinjin & Bateman, Alexis, 2021. "The competitiveness of fair trade and organic versus conventional coffee based on consumer panel data," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    12. Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon & Ferreira, Gustavo C., 2018. "Analysis of Fraud Incidents in the U.S. Organic Market," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273856, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    13. Khanal, Aditya R. & Mishra, Sachin K & Honey, Ummey, 2018. "Certified organic food production, financial performance, and farm size: An unconditional quantile regression approach," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 367-376.
    14. Anglade, J. & Billen, G. & Garnier, J. & Makridis, T. & Puech, T. & Tittel, C., 2015. "Nitrogen soil surface balance of organic vs conventional cash crop farming in the Seine watershed," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 82-92.
    15. Bellows Anne C. & Onyango Benjamin & Diamond Adam & Hallman William K, 2008. "Understanding Consumer Interest in Organics: Production Values vs. Purchasing Behavior," Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 1-31, May.
    16. Richard Friberg & Mark Sanctuary, 2018. "Market stealing and market expansion: an examination of product introductions in the organic coffee market," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 20(2), pages 287-303, April.
    17. repec:ags:jrapmc:122316 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Jie Zhao & Ji Chen & Damien Beillouin & Hans Lambers & Yadong Yang & Pete Smith & Zhaohai Zeng & Jørgen E. Olesen & Huadong Zang, 2022. "Global systematic review with meta-analysis reveals yield advantage of legume-based rotations and its drivers," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    19. John M. Wallace & Alwyn Williams & Jeffrey A. Liebert & Victoria J. Ackroyd & Rachel A. Vann & William S. Curran & Clair L. Keene & Mark J. VanGessel & Matthew R. Ryan & Steven B. Mirsky, 2017. "Cover Crop-Based, Organic Rotational No-Till Corn and Soybean Production Systems in the Mid-Atlantic United States," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-21, April.
    20. Dong, Diansheng & Stewart, Hayden, 2013. "Households' Choices Among Fluid Milk Products: What Happens When Income and Prices Change?," Economic Research Report 262226, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    21. Hallstein, Eric & Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto, 2009. "Are Consumers Color Blind?: an empirical investigation of a traffic light advisory for sustainable seafood," CUDARE Working Papers 120535, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ags:usdami:333551. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: AgEcon Search (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.usda.gov .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.