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Karen Leppel

Personal Details

First Name:Karen
Middle Name:
Last Name:Leppel
Suffix:
RePEc Short-ID:ple140
[This author has chosen not to make the email address public]
Terminal Degree:1980 Department of Economics; Princeton University (from RePEc Genealogy)

Affiliation

School of Business Administration
Widener University

Chester, Pennsylvania (United States)
http://www.widener.edu/academics/schools/sba/
RePEc:edi:edwidus (more details at EDIRC)

Research output

as
Jump to: Articles

Articles

  1. Suzanne Heller Clain & Karen Leppel, 2018. "Patterns in Economics Journal Acceptances and Rejections," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 63(1), pages 94-109, March.
  2. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.
  3. Karen Leppel, 2015. "The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 451-461, September.
  4. Karen Leppel, 2015. "Erratum to: The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 462-462, September.
  5. Karen Leppel & Suzanne Heller Clain, 2015. "Exploring Job Satisfaction by Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Marital Status," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 547-570, September.
  6. Karen Leppel, 2014. "Does Job Satisfaction Vary with Sexual Orientation?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 169-198, April.
  7. Donna W. McCloskey & Karen Leppel, 2010. "The Impact of Age on Electronic Commerce Participation: An Exploratory Model," Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), IGI Global, vol. 8(1), pages 41-60, January.
  8. Karen Leppel, 2009. "Labour Force Status and Sexual Orientation," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 76(301), pages 197-207, February.
  9. Karen Leppel, 2007. "Married and Unmarried, Opposite- and Same-Sex Couples: A Decomposition of Homeownership Differences," Journal of Housing Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(1), pages 61-81, January.
  10. Karen Leppel, 2007. "Home-ownership among opposite- and same-sex couples in the US," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 1-30.
  11. Suzanne Heller Clain & Karen Leppel, 2001. "An investigation into sexual orientation discrimination as an explanation for wage differences," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 37-47.
  12. Thomas Orwell Armstrong & Michael Goetz & Karen Leppel, 2000. "Technological Change Bias In The U.S. Investor-Owned Electric Utility Industry Following Potential Deregulation," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(6), pages 559-572.
  13. Armstrong, Thomas O. & Leppel, Karen, 1994. "Are regulated and potentially unregulated combination gas and electric utilities natural monopolies?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 195-206, August.
  14. Williams, Mary L. & Leppel, Karen, 1994. "Modelling occupational choice in blue-collar labor markets," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 243-250, September.
  15. Karen Leppel & Suzanne Heller Clain, 1993. "Determinants of Voluntary and Involuntary Part-Time Employment," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 59-70, Winter.
  16. Karen Leppel, 1991. "Labour Status of the General US Population and a High IQ Population," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(4), pages 11-17, April.
  17. Karen Leppel, 1991. "Demographic Effects on Household Formation Patterns," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 6(2), pages 191-206.
  18. Karen Leppel, 1989. "Determinants of the Value of the Mother's Time: Evidence from a Developing Country," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 33(1), pages 61-68, March.
  19. Karen Leppel, 1987. "Household Formation and Unrelated Housemates," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 31(1), pages 38-47, March.
  20. Karen Leppel, 1986. "A Trinomial Logit Analysis of Household Composition," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 14(4), pages 537-556, December.
  21. Hirsch, Barry T & Leppel, Karen, 1982. "Sex Discrimination in Faculty Salaries: Evidence from a Historically Women's University," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(4), pages 829-835, September.
    RePEc:dem:demres:v:12:y:2005:i:8 is not listed on IDEAS

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Articles

  1. Suzanne Heller Clain & Karen Leppel, 2018. "Patterns in Economics Journal Acceptances and Rejections," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 63(1), pages 94-109, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Hengel, E., 2017. "Publishing while Female. Are women held to higher standards? Evidence from peer review," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1753, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.

  2. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Rony Germon & Séverine Leloarne & Myriam Razgallah & Myriam Razgallah & Adnane Maalaoui, 2019. "The Role of Sexual Orientation in Entrepreneurial Intention: The Case of Parisian LGB People," Working Papers 2019-007, Department of Research, Ipag Business School.
    2. Maryam Dilmaghani, 2019. "Sexual orientation and the ‘cohabitation gap’ in life satisfaction in Canada," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 17(4), pages 1163-1189, December.
    3. Christopher Jepsen & Lisa K. Jepsen, 2017. "Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 287-305, March.
    4. Klavs Ciprikis & Damien Cassells & Jenny Berrill, 2024. "Transgender self-employment outcomes: evidence from the USA," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 871-896, October.
    5. Maryam Dilmaghani, 2018. "Sexual Orientation, Labour Earnings, and Household Income in Canada," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 41-55, March.

  3. Karen Leppel, 2015. "The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 451-461, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Jianxin & Yuan, Caiyun & Zhang, Qian & Houser, Daniel, 2023. "Parents’ absence harms norm obedience of girls more than boys," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 17-29.
    2. Jeffrey Dew, 2021. "Ten Years of Marriage and Cohabitation Research in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 52-61, July.

  4. Karen Leppel, 2015. "Erratum to: The Method of Generalized Ordered Probit with Selectivity: Application to Marital Happiness," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 36(3), pages 462-462, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Jianxin & Yuan, Caiyun & Zhang, Qian & Houser, Daniel, 2023. "Parents’ absence harms norm obedience of girls more than boys," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 17-29.
    2. Jeffrey Dew, 2021. "Ten Years of Marriage and Cohabitation Research in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 52-61, July.

  5. Karen Leppel & Suzanne Heller Clain, 2015. "Exploring Job Satisfaction by Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Marital Status," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 547-570, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Hammarstedt, Mats & Aldén, Lina & Swahnberg, Hanna, 2018. "(I Can’t Get No) Job Satisfaction? Differences by Sexual Orientation in Sweden," Working Paper Series 1241, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    2. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.
    3. Lina Aldén & Mats Hammarstedt & Hanna Swahnberg, 2020. "Sexual Orientation and Job Satisfaction: Survey-Based Evidence from Sweden," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 69-101, June.

  6. Karen Leppel, 2014. "Does Job Satisfaction Vary with Sexual Orientation?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 169-198, April.

    Cited by:

    1. Stijn Baert, 2014. "Career lesbians. Getting hired for not having kids?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(6), pages 543-561, November.
    2. Hammarstedt, Mats & Aldén, Lina & Swahnberg, Hanna, 2018. "(I Can’t Get No) Job Satisfaction? Differences by Sexual Orientation in Sweden," Working Paper Series 1241, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    3. Francisco Perales & Wojtek Tomaszewski, 2016. "Happier with the Same: Job Satisfaction of Disadvantaged Workers," British Journal of Industrial Relations, London School of Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 685-708, December.
    4. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.
    5. Lina Aldén & Mats Hammarstedt & Hanna Swahnberg, 2020. "Sexual Orientation and Job Satisfaction: Survey-Based Evidence from Sweden," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 69-101, June.
    6. Sait Bayrakdar & Andrew King, 2022. "Job Satisfaction and Sexual Orientation in Britain," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 36(1), pages 21-39, February.

  7. Donna W. McCloskey & Karen Leppel, 2010. "The Impact of Age on Electronic Commerce Participation: An Exploratory Model," Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), IGI Global, vol. 8(1), pages 41-60, January.

    Cited by:

    1. Irena Atanasova & Vasileios Gerakis, 2023. "B2C E-Commerce Adoption among Elders in Greece," Review of Applied Socio-Economic Research, Pro Global Science Association, vol. 25(1), pages 112-124, June.

  8. Karen Leppel, 2009. "Labour Force Status and Sexual Orientation," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 76(301), pages 197-207, February.

    Cited by:

    1. Antecol, Heather & Steinberger, Michael D., 2009. "Female Labor Supply Differences by Sexual Orientation: A Semi-Parametric Decomposition Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 4029, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Stijn Baert, 2014. "Career lesbians. Getting hired for not having kids?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(6), pages 543-561, November.
    3. Moberg, Ylva, 2016. "Does the gender composition in couples matter for the division of labor after childbirth?," Working Paper Series 2016:8, Uppsala University, Department of Economics.
    4. Bell, Myrtle P. & Özbilgin, Mustafa F. & Beauregard, T. Alexandra & Sürgevil, Olca, 2011. "Voice, silence, and diversity in 21st century organizations: strategies for inclusion of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender employees," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 32094, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Thierry Laurent & Ferhat Mihoubi, 2017. "Sexual Orientation, Unemployment and Participation: Are Gays Less Employable than Straights?," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 1-44, March.
    6. Moberg, Ylva, 2016. "Does the gender composition in Couples matter for the division of labor after childbirth?," Working Paper Series 2016:8, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    7. Ganghua Mei & Lei Yue, 2022. "Labor supply and time use: evidence from cohabiting women in the United States," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(44), pages 5133-5158, September.
    8. Frances Woolley & Am Lafrance & Casey Warman, 2009. "Sexual Identity And The Marriage Premium," Working Paper 1219, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    9. Christina Curley, 2018. "Sexual Orientation, Sexual History, and Inequality in the United States," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 88-113, January.
    10. Karen Leppel, 2014. "Does Job Satisfaction Vary with Sexual Orientation?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 169-198, April.
    11. Olga Alonso-Villar & Coral del Río, 2023. "Poverty among Same-Sex Couple Families in the United States: Is There a Premium for Married Couples?," Working Papers 2301, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Economía Aplicada.
    12. Michael E. Martell & Leanne Roncolato, 2020. "Share of Household Earnings and Time Use of Women in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Households," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 46(3), pages 414-437, June.
    13. Hofmarcher, Thomas & Plug, Erik, 2021. "Specialization in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples," IZA Discussion Papers 14709, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Karaarslan, Can, 2021. "Differences in Unemployment due to Sexual Orientation: Evidence from the Swedish Labour Market," Working Papers for Marketing & Management 52, Offenburg University, Department of Media and Information.
    15. Stevenson, Adam, 2012. "The Labor Supply and Tax Revenue Consequences of Federal Same-Sex Marriage Legalization," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 65(4), pages 783-806, December.
    16. Lisa Giddings & John Nunley & Alyssa Schneebaum & Joachim Zietz, 2014. "Birth Cohort and the Specialization Gap Between Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(2), pages 509-534, April.
    17. Coral Río & Olga Alonso-Villar, 2019. "Occupational segregation by sexual orientation in the U.S.: exploring its economic effects on same-sex couples," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 439-467, June.
    18. Stephan Humpert, 2012. "Somewhere over the Rainbow: Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Germany," Working Paper Series in Economics 245, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    19. Christopher Jepsen & Lisa K. Jepsen, 2014. "Labor-Market Specialization within Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples," Open Access publications 10197/7884, School of Economics, University College Dublin.
    20. Mats Hammarstedt & Ali M. Ahmed & Lina Andersson, 2015. "Sexual Prejudice and Labor Market Outcomes for Gays and Lesbians: Evidence from Sweden," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 90-109, January.
    21. Benjamin Cerf, 2016. "Sexual Orientation, Income, and Stress at Work," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 546-575, October.
    22. Jaba, Elisabeta & Balan, Christiana & Roman, Mihai & Roman, Monica, 2010. "Statistical evaluation of spatial concentration of unemployment by gender," MPRA Paper 25161, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised May 2010.
    23. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.
    24. Karel Fric, 2019. "How does being out at work relate to discrimination and unemployment of gays and lesbians?," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 53(1), pages 1-19, December.
    25. Francesco Berlingieri & Matija Kovacic, 2023. "Health and relationship quality of the LGBTQIA+ population in Europe," Working Papers 2023: 29, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
    26. Doris Weichselbaumer, 2013. "Discrimination in gay and lesbian lives," Chapters, in: Deborah M. Figart & Tonia L. Warnecke (ed.), Handbook of Research on Gender and Economic Life, chapter 15, pages 236-254, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    27. Kühne Simon & Kroh Martin & Richter David, 2019. "Comparing Self-Reported and Partnership-Inferred Sexual Orientation in Household Surveys," Journal of Official Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 35(4), pages 777-805, December.

  9. Karen Leppel, 2007. "Home-ownership among opposite- and same-sex couples in the US," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 1-30.

    Cited by:

    1. Joshua J. Miller & Kevin A. Park, 2018. "Same-sex marriage laws and demand for mortgage credit," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 229-254, June.
    2. Noah Uhrig, S.C., 2014. "An examination of poverty and sexual orientation in the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2014-02, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    3. Jepsen, Christopher & Jepsen, Lisa K., 2009. "Does home ownership vary by sexual orientation?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 307-315, May.
    4. Dilmaghani, Maryam & Dean, Jason, 2020. "Sexual orientation and homeownership in Canada," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    5. Brahma, Sanjukta & Gavriilidis, Konstantinos & Kallinterakis, Vasileios & Verousis, Thanos & Zhang, Mengyu, 2023. "LGBTQ and finance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    6. Shoshana Grossbard & Lisa Jepsen, 2008. "The economics of gay and lesbian couples: Introduction to a special issue on gay and lesbian households," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 311-325, December.
    7. Cameron Deal & Shea Greenberg & Gilbert Gonzales, 2024. "Sexual identity, poverty, and utilization of government services," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(2), pages 1-31, June.
    8. Karen Leppel, 2009. "Labour Force Status and Sexual Orientation," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 76(301), pages 197-207, February.
    9. Irfan Ullah & Abdus Sattar Niazi & Muhammad Farooq & Waheed Afzal & Muhammad Asif Khan, 2012. "Being Dissimilar: Religious Dissimilarity, Gender Dissimilarity, Value Dissimilarity and Job Satisfaction," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 4(2), pages 56-63.

  10. Suzanne Heller Clain & Karen Leppel, 2001. "An investigation into sexual orientation discrimination as an explanation for wage differences," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 37-47.

    Cited by:

    1. Geijtenbeek, Lydia & Plug, Erik, 2015. "Is There a Penalty for Becoming a Woman? Is There a Premium for Becoming a Man? Evidence from a Sample of Transsexual Workers," IZA Discussion Papers 9077, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Michael E. Martell & Peyton Nash, 2020. "For Love and Money? Earnings and Marriage Among Same-Sex Couples," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 260-294, September.
    3. Antecol, Heather & Steinberger, Michael D., 2009. "Female Labor Supply Differences by Sexual Orientation: A Semi-Parametric Decomposition Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 4029, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Stijn Baert, 2014. "Career lesbians. Getting hired for not having kids?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(6), pages 543-561, November.
    5. Lina Aldén & Lena Edlund & Mats Hammarstedt & Michael Mueller-Smith, 2015. "Effect of Registered Partnership on Labor Earnings and Fertility for Same-Sex Couples: Evidence From Swedish Register Data," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(4), pages 1243-1268, August.
    6. Christopher Carpenter, 2004. "New Evidence on Gay and Lesbian Household Incomes," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 22(1), pages 78-94, January.
    7. Geijtenbeek, Lydia & Plug, Erik, 2018. "Is there a penalty for registered women? Is there a premium for registered men? Evidence from a sample of transsexual workers," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 334-347.
    8. Ahmed, Ali & Andersson, Lina & Hammarstedt, Mats, 2011. "Are homosexuals discriminated against in the hiring process?," Working Paper Series 2011:21, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    9. Drydakis, Nick, 2014. "Effect of Sexual Orientation on Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Greece," IZA Discussion Papers 8045, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Erik Plug & Dinand Webbink & Nick Martin, 2014. "Sexual Orientation, Prejudice, and Segregation," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 32(1), pages 123-159.
    11. Joseph J. Sabia, 2015. "Fluidity in Sexual Identity, Unmeasured Heterogeneity, and the Earnings Effects of Sexual Orientation," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 33-58, January.
    12. van Ours, Jan C. & Chen, Shuai, 2017. "Subjective Well-being and Partnership Dynamics; Are Same-sex Relationships Different?," CEPR Discussion Papers 12320, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. Frances Woolley & Am Lafrance & Casey Warman, 2009. "Sexual Identity And The Marriage Premium," Working Paper 1219, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    14. Noah Uhrig, S.C., 2014. "An examination of poverty and sexual orientation in the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2014-02, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    15. Hammarstedt, Mats & Aldén, Lina & Swahnberg, Hanna, 2018. "(I Can’t Get No) Job Satisfaction? Differences by Sexual Orientation in Sweden," Working Paper Series 1241, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    16. Clarke, Geoffrey & Sevak, Purvi, 2013. "The disappearing gay income penalty," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 121(3), pages 542-545.
    17. Jepsen, Christopher & Jepsen, Lisa K., 2009. "Does home ownership vary by sexual orientation?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 307-315, May.
    18. Nasser Daneshvary & C. Waddoups & Bradley Wimmer, 2008. "Educational Attainment and the Lesbian Wage Premium," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 365-379, December.
    19. Heather Antecol & Anneke Jong & Michael Steinberger, 2008. "The Sexual Orientation Wage Gap: The Role of Occupational Sorting and Human Capital," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 61(4), pages 518-543, July.
    20. Ali M Ahmed & Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2011. "Sexual orientation and occupational rank," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 31(3), pages 2422-2433.
    21. Karen Leppel, 2014. "Does Job Satisfaction Vary with Sexual Orientation?," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 169-198, April.
    22. Mary Eschelbach Hansen & Michael E. Martell, 2014. "Self-Identified Sexual Orientation and the Lesbian Earnings Differential," Working Papers 2014-13, American University, Department of Economics.
    23. Katherine B. Coffman & Lucas C. Coffman & Keith M. Marzilli Ericson, 2013. "The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Anti-Gay Sentiment are Substantially Underestimated," NBER Working Papers 19508, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    24. Sanghoon Lee, 2021. "Social Tolerance and Economic Development," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 1087-1103, December.
    25. Nick Drydakis, 2008. "Sexual orientation discrimination in the labour market," Natural Field Experiments 00231, The Field Experiments Website.
    26. Bruce Elmslie & Edinaldo Tebaldi, 2014. "The Wage Gap against Gay Men: The Leveling of the Playing Field," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(3), pages 330-345, August.
    27. Drydakis, Nick, 2021. "The Economics of Being LGBT. A Review: 2015-2020," GLO Discussion Paper Series 980, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    28. Weichselbaumer, Doris, 2003. "Sexual orientation discrimination in hiring," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(6), pages 629-642, December.
    29. Dilmaghani, Maryam & Dean, Jason, 2020. "Sexual orientation and homeownership in Canada," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    30. Miriam Marcén & Marina Morales, 2022. "The effect of same-sex marriage legalization on interstate migration in the USA," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(2), pages 441-469, April.
    31. Karaarslan, Can, 2021. "Differences in Unemployment due to Sexual Orientation: Evidence from the Swedish Labour Market," Working Papers for Marketing & Management 52, Offenburg University, Department of Media and Information.
    32. Weichselbaumer, Doris, 2013. "Testing for Discrimination against Lesbians of Different Marital Status: A Field Experiment," IZA Discussion Papers 7425, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    33. Michael E. Martell, 2018. "Identity Management: Worker Independence And Discrimination Against Gay Men," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(1), pages 136-148, January.
    34. Josef Montag, 2014. "What Drives the Gender Gap? An Analysis Using Sexual Orientation," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp505, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    35. Madeline Zavodny, 2008. "Is there a ‘marriage premium’ for gay men?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 369-389, December.
    36. Schneebaum, Alyssa & Schubert, Nina, 2017. "Marriage (In)equality: Does the Sexual Orientation Wage Gap Persist Across Marital Status?," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 254, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    37. Drydakis, Nick, 2021. "Sexual Orientation and Earnings. A Meta-Analysis 2012-2020," GLO Discussion Paper Series 862, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    38. Ahmed, Ali M. & Hammarstedt, Mats, 2008. "Sexual Orientation and Earnings in Sweden," Working Papers in Economics 285, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics, revised 01 Sep 2005.
    39. Ali Ahmed & Mats Hammarstedt, 2010. "Sexual orientation and earnings: a register data-based approach to identify homosexuals," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 23(3), pages 835-849, June.
    40. David Christafore & J. Sebastian Leguizamon, 2013. "Revisiting Evidence of Labor Market Discrimination against Homosexuals and the Effects of Anti-Discriminatory Laws," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, vol. 43(2,3), pages 213-238, Winter.
    41. Thierry Laurent & Ferhat Mihoubi, 2012. "Sexual Orientation and Wage Discrimination in France: The Hidden Side of the Rainbow," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 487-527, December.
    42. Marcén, Miriam & Morales, Marina, 2019. "The effect of same-sex marriage legalization on interstate migration in the United States," GLO Discussion Paper Series 435, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    43. Joseph J. Sabia & Mark Wooden & Thanh Tam Nguyen, 2017. "Sexual Identity, Same‐Sex Relationships, and Labour Market Dynamics: New Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Australia," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 83(4), pages 903-931, April.
    44. Stephan Humpert, 2012. "Somewhere over the Rainbow: Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Germany," Working Paper Series in Economics 245, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    45. Sabia, Joseph J. & Wooden, Mark, 2015. "Sexual Identity, Earnings, and Labour Market Dynamics: New Evidence from Longitudinal Data in Australia," IZA Discussion Papers 8935, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    46. Ali M. Ahmed & Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2013. "Are Gay Men and Lesbians Discriminated against in the Hiring Process?," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 79(3), pages 565-585, January.
    47. Mats Hammarstedt & Ali M. Ahmed & Lina Andersson, 2015. "Sexual Prejudice and Labor Market Outcomes for Gays and Lesbians: Evidence from Sweden," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 90-109, January.
    48. Heather Antecol & Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Eric Helland, 2014. "Bias in the Legal Profession: Self-Assessed versus Statistical Measures of Discrimination," The Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 43(2), pages 323-357.
    49. Christopher S. Carpenter, 2005. "Self-Reported Sexual Orientation and Earnings: Evidence from California," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 58(2), pages 258-273, January.
    50. Michael Martell, 2013. "Do ENDAs End Discrimination for Behaviorally Gay Men?," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 147-169, June.
    51. Christopher Jepsen & Lisa K. Jepsen, 2017. "Self-employment, earnings, and sexual orientation," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 287-305, March.
    52. Karen Leppel, 2016. "The incidence of self-employment by sexual orientation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 347-363, March.
    53. Lina Aldén & Mats Hammarstedt & Hanna Swahnberg, 2020. "Sexual Orientation and Job Satisfaction: Survey-Based Evidence from Sweden," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 69-101, June.
    54. Cantet, Natalia & Feld, Brian & Hernández, Mónica, 2023. "Is there discrimination against children of same-sex households? Evidence from an experimental study in Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12698, Inter-American Development Bank.
    55. Amanda K. Baumle, 2009. "The Cost of Parenthood: Unraveling the Effects of Sexual Orientation and Gender on Income," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 90(4), pages 983-1002, December.
    56. Mourelatos, Evangelos & Krimpas, George & Giotopoulos, Konstantinos, 2022. "Sexual identity and Gender Gap in Leadership. A political intention experiment," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1187, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    57. Doris Weichselbaumer, 2013. "Discrimination in gay and lesbian lives," Chapters, in: Deborah M. Figart & Tonia L. Warnecke (ed.), Handbook of Research on Gender and Economic Life, chapter 15, pages 236-254, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    58. César Vladimir Martínez Arango & Coralia Azucena Quintero Rojas & Lari Arthur Viianto, 2015. "Discriminación de género en redes laborales," Ensayos Revista de Economia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Economia, vol. 0(2), pages 1-34, November.
    59. Botti, Fabrizio & D’Ippoliti, Carlo, 2014. "Don’t ask don’t tell (that you’re poor). Sexual orientation and social exclusion in Italy," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 8-25.
    60. Botti, Fabrizio & D'Ippoliti, Carlo, 2012. "Sexual orientation and social exclusion in Italy," MPRA Paper 39246, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    61. Christafore, David & Leguizamon, Sebastian, 2012. "Earnings differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals and the effects of anti-discriminatory laws: equal but still unmarried," MPRA Paper 45267, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    62. John Levendis & Aaron Lowen, 2023. "What Same-Sex Adoption Laws Can Tell Us About the Gender Wage Gap in the United States," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 473-489, June.
    63. Karen Leppel, 2009. "Labour Force Status and Sexual Orientation," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 76(301), pages 197-207, February.
    64. Maryam Dilmaghani, 2018. "Sexual Orientation, Labour Earnings, and Household Income in Canada," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 39(1), pages 41-55, March.
    65. Chen, Shuai, 2019. "Marriage, minorities, and mass movements," Other publications TiSEM 9cb1b11d-12e6-46a8-adca-4, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    66. Sarah Bridges & Samuel Mann, 2019. "Sexual Orientation, Legal Partnerships and Wages in Britain," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 33(6), pages 1020-1038, December.
    67. Michael E. Martell, 2014. "HOW ENDAs EXTEND THE WORKWEEK: LEGAL PROTECTION AND THE LABOR SUPPLY OF BEHAVIORALLY GAY MEN," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 32(3), pages 560-577, July.
    68. Ali Ahmed & Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2013. "Sexual orientation and full-time monthly earnings, by public and private sector: evidence from Swedish register data," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 83-108, March.
    69. Nick Drydakis, 2009. "Sexual Orientation, Demography and Labor Relations," Working Papers 0906, University of Crete, Department of Economics.
    70. Marieka Klawitter, 2015. "Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Sexual Orientation on Earnings," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 4-32, January.

  11. Thomas Orwell Armstrong & Michael Goetz & Karen Leppel, 2000. "Technological Change Bias In The U.S. Investor-Owned Electric Utility Industry Following Potential Deregulation," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(6), pages 559-572.

    Cited by:

    1. Antonelli, Cristiano & Quatraro, Francesco, 2008. "The Effects of Biased Technological Change on Total Factor Productivity. Empirical Evidence from a Sample of OECD Countries," Department of Economics and Statistics Cognetti de Martiis LEI & BRICK - Laboratory of Economics of Innovation "Franco Momigliano", Bureau of Research in Innovation, Complexity and Knowledge, Collegio 200806, University of Turin.

  12. Armstrong, Thomas O. & Leppel, Karen, 1994. "Are regulated and potentially unregulated combination gas and electric utilities natural monopolies?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 195-206, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Mark Lijesen, 2002. "End user prices in liberalised energy markets," CPB Discussion Paper 16, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    2. Christopher R. Knittel, 2003. "Market Structure and the Pricing of Electricity and Natural Gas," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 167-191, June.

  13. Karen Leppel & Suzanne Heller Clain, 1993. "Determinants of Voluntary and Involuntary Part-Time Employment," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 19(1), pages 59-70, Winter.

    Cited by:

    1. S. Antonio Ruiz-Quintanilla & Rita Claes, 1996. "Determinants of Underemployment of Young Adults: A Multi-Country Study," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 49(3), pages 424-438, April.
    2. Leila Bengali & Robert G. Valletta & Catherine van der List, 2015. "Cyclical and market determinants of involuntary part-time employment," Working Paper Series 2015-19, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    3. Joeun Kim, 2024. "Women’s Contingent Work and Allocation of Domestic Labor in South Korea," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 636-648, September.

  14. Karen Leppel, 1991. "Demographic Effects on Household Formation Patterns," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 6(2), pages 191-206.

    Cited by:

    1. Gary Painter & Zhou Yu, 2012. "Caught in the Housing Bubble: Immigrants' Housing Outcomes in Traditional Gateways and Newly Emerging Destinations," Working Paper 8953, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    2. Gary Painter & Zhou Yu, 2014. "Caught in the Housing Bubble: Immigrants’ Housing Outcomes in Traditional Gateways and Newly Emerging Destinations," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(4), pages 781-809, March.
    3. Mark J. Eppli & Monty J. Childs, 1995. "A Descriptive Analysis of U.S. Housing Demand for the 1990s," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 10(1), pages 69-86.
    4. Zhou Yu & Dowell Myers, 2010. "Misleading Comparisons of Homeownership Rates when the Variable Effect of Household Formation Is Ignored: Explaining Rising Homeownership and the Homeownership Gap between Blacks and Asians in the US," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(12), pages 2615-2640, November.

  15. Karen Leppel, 1989. "Determinants of the Value of the Mother's Time: Evidence from a Developing Country," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 33(1), pages 61-68, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Madhu Mohanty, 2005. "An alternative method of estimating the worker's reservation wage," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 501-522.
    2. Amin, Shahina, 2004. "Ethnic differences and married women's employment in Malaysia: do government policies matter?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 291-306, July.

  16. Karen Leppel, 1987. "Household Formation and Unrelated Housemates," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 31(1), pages 38-47, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Karen Leppel, 1986. "A Trinomial Logit Analysis of Household Composition," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 14(4), pages 537-556, December.

  17. Karen Leppel, 1986. "A Trinomial Logit Analysis of Household Composition," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 14(4), pages 537-556, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Zhou Yu & Dowell Myers, 2010. "Misleading Comparisons of Homeownership Rates when the Variable Effect of Household Formation Is Ignored: Explaining Rising Homeownership and the Homeownership Gap between Blacks and Asians in the US," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(12), pages 2615-2640, November.
    2. Karen Leppel, 1991. "Demographic Effects on Household Formation Patterns," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 6(2), pages 191-206.

  18. Hirsch, Barry T & Leppel, Karen, 1982. "Sex Discrimination in Faculty Salaries: Evidence from a Historically Women's University," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 72(4), pages 829-835, September.

    Cited by:

    1. Ward-Warmedinger, Melanie E., 1999. "Salary and the Gender Salary Gap in the Academic Profession," IZA Discussion Papers 64, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Olivia Hebner & Courtney Collins & Franklin Mixon, 2018. "Do Gender and Race Play a Role in the Compensation of University Presidents? Evidence from Institution-level Panel Data," Australian Journal of Labour Economics (AJLE), Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin Business School, vol. 21(1), pages 1-20.
    3. Richard D. Raymond & Michael L. Sesnowitz & Donald R. Williams, 1990. "The Effect of Disaggregation on Measures of Wage Discrimination in Academia," Eastern Economic Journal, Eastern Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 33-39, Jan-Mar.
    4. Javed Ashraf & Tayyeb Shabbir, 2006. "Are there racial differences in faculty salaries?," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 30(3), pages 306-316, September.
    5. Toumanoff, Peter, 2005. "The effects of gender on salary-at-hire in the academic labor market," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 179-188, April.
    6. Franklin G. Mixon, Jr. & Len J. Treviño, 2004. "How Race Affects Dismissals of College Football Coaches," Journal of Labor Research, Transaction Publishers, vol. 25(4), pages 645-656, October.
    7. William J. Moore & Robert J. Newman & M. Dek Terrell, 2002. "Academic Economists' Pay and Productivity: A Tale of Two Countries," Departmental Working Papers 2002-16, Department of Economics, Louisiana State University.
    8. João Ricardo Faria & Steven B. Caudill & Daniel M. Gropper & Franklin G. Mixon, 2022. "Negotiation and bargaining power in the determination of administrative wages in academe," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(7), pages 2935-2940, October.
    9. Kim Sosin & Janet Rives & Janet West, 1998. "Unions and Gender Pay Equity in Academe: A Study of U.S. Institutions," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 25-45.
    10. Franklin Mixon & Len Trevino, 2005. "Is there gender discrimination in named professorships? An econometric analysis of economics departments in the US South," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(8), pages 849-854.
    11. Takahashi, Ana Maria & Takahashi, Shingo, 2011. "Gender salary differences in economics departments in Japan," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1306-1319.

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