IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/worbus/v57y2022i4s1090951622000359.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Export promotion programs: A system-based systematic review and agenda for future research

Author

Listed:
  • Freixanet, Joan

Abstract

Despite abundant research, we lack systematic knowledge on the effects of export promotion programs (EPPs). Extant research is largely fragmented and shows contradictory results. To fill this void, the present paper systematically reviews 192 articles to develop a system-based taxonomy and conceptual model of export promotion comprising six main components: system inputs, outputs, firm resources and capabilities, strategies, managers’ characteristics, and networks. The review contributes to extant research by taking stock of the current state of knowledge on the role of different EPPs in companies’ internationalization process. Furthermore, it reveals research gaps that chart important directions for future studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Freixanet, Joan, 2022. "Export promotion programs: A system-based systematic review and agenda for future research," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(4).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:worbus:v:57:y:2022:i:4:s1090951622000359
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101344
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090951622000359
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101344?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alexis Catanzaro & Christine Teyssier, 2021. "Export promotion programs, export capabilities, and risk management practices of internationalized SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1479-1503, October.
    2. Johannes Van Biesebroeck & Emily Yu & Shenjie Chen, 2015. "The impact of trade promotion services on Canadian exporter performance," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(4), pages 1481-1512, November.
    3. Volpe Martincus, Christian & Carballo, Jerónimo, 2008. "Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(1), pages 89-106, September.
    4. Seringhaus, F. H. Rolf, 1990. "Program impact evaluation : Application to export promotion," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 251-265, January.
    5. Cadot, Olivier & Fernandes, Ana M. & Gourdon, Julien & Mattoo, Aaditya, 2015. "Are the benefits of export support durable? Evidence from Tunisia," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 310-324.
    6. Wilkinson, I. F. & Mattsson, L-G & Easton, G., 2000. "International competitiveness and trade promotion policy from a network perspective," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 275-299.
    7. Jiang, Guohua & Kotabe, Masaaki & Zhang, Feng & Hao, Andy W. & Paul, Justin & Wang, Cheng Lu, 2020. "The determinants and performance of early internationalizing firms: A literature review and research agenda," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    8. Oscar Malca & Jesús Peña-Vinces & Francisco J Acedo, 2020. "Export promotion programmes as export performance catalysts for SMEs: insights from an emerging economy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 831-851, October.
    9. Masaaki Kotabe & Michael R Czinkota, 1992. "State Government Promotion of Manufacturing Exports: A Gap Analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(4), pages 637-658, December.
    10. Burpitt, William J. & Rondinelli, Dennis A., 1998. "Export decision-making in small firms: the role of organizational learning," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 51-68.
    11. Naidu, G. M. & Rao, T. R., 1993. "Public sector promotion of exports: A needs-based approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 85-101, May.
    12. Jan Johanson & Jan-Erik Vahlne, 2009. "The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(9), pages 1411-1431, December.
    13. Gawande, Kishore & Maloney, William & Montes-Rojas, Gabriel, 2009. "Foreign informational lobbying can enhance tourism: Evidence from the Caribbean," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(2), pages 267-275, November.
    14. Yu Ri Kim & Yasuyuki Todo & Daichi Shimamoto & Petr Matous, 2018. "Are seminars on export promotion effective? Evidence from a randomised controlled trial," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(11), pages 2954-2982, November.
    15. Kichun Kang, 2011. "Overseas Network Of Export Promotion Agency And Export Performance: The Korean Case," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 29(2), pages 274-283, April.
    16. Ahmed, Zafar U. & Mohamed, Osman & Johnson, James P. & Meng, Leong Yee, 2002. "Export promotion programs of Malaysian firms: an international marketing perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 55(10), pages 831-843, October.
    17. Timothy J. Richards & Pieter. Van Ispelen & Albert Kagan, 1997. "A Two-Stage Analysis of the Effectiveness of Promotion Programs for U.S. Apples," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 79(3), pages 825-837.
    18. Cong Tru Le & Harry M. Kaiser & William Tomek, 1998. "Export promotion and import demand for US red meat in selected Pacific Rim countries," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(2), pages 95-105.
    19. Liang Song & Harry M. Kaiser, 2016. "An economic evaluation of market development programmes for US dairy products," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 212-221, January.
    20. Paul, Justin & Criado, Alex Rialp, 2020. "The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    21. Philip Anderson, 1999. "Perspective: Complexity Theory and Organization Science," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(3), pages 216-232, June.
    22. Jonathan Schad & Pratima Bansal, 2018. "Seeing the Forest and the Trees: How a Systems Perspective Informs Paradox Research," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(8), pages 1490-1506, December.
    23. Surdu, Irina & Mellahi, Kamel & Glaister, Keith W. & Nardella, Giulio, 2018. "Why wait? Organizational learning, institutional quality and the speed of foreign market re-entry after initial entry and exit," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(6), pages 911-929.
    24. Andrew K. Rose, 2007. "The Foreign Service and Foreign Trade: Embassies as Export Promotion," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 22-38, January.
    25. Erwin Dichtl & Hans-Georg Koeglmayr & Stefan Mueller, 1990. "International Orientation as a Precondition for Export Success," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 21(1), pages 23-40, March.
    26. Jan Johanson & Jan-Erik Vahlne, 1977. "The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 8(1), pages 23-32, March.
    27. Catherine A. Durham & Jesse D. Lyon, 1997. "Manufacturer versus trading company export behavior: The US processed fruit industries," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(1), pages 59-71.
    28. Gaur, Ajai & Kumar, Mukesh, 2018. "A systematic approach to conducting review studies: An assessment of content analysis in 25years of IB research," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 280-289.
    29. Bahl, Mona & Lahiri, Somnath & Mukherjee, Debmalya, 2021. "Managing internationalization and innovation tradeoffs in entrepreneurial firms: Evidence from transition economies," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(1).
    30. Jakob Munch & Georg Schaur, 2018. "The Effect of Export Promotion on Firm-Level Performance," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 10(1), pages 357-387, February.
    31. Hsu, Wen-Tsung & Chen, Hsiang-Lan & Cheng, Chia-Yi, 2013. "Internationalization and firm performance of SMEs: The moderating effects of CEO attributes," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 1-12.
    32. Marcelo Olarreaga & Stefan Sperlich & Virginie Trachsel, 2020. "Exploring the Heterogeneous Effects of Export Promotion," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 332-350.
    33. Eli Miloslavsky & Howard J. Shatz, 2006. "Services Exports and the States: Measuring the Potential," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 20(1), pages 3-21, February.
    34. Christian Volpe Martincus & Jerónimo Carballo, 2010. "Export Promotion: Bundled Services Work Better," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(12), pages 1718-1756, December.
    35. Williams, Gary W. & Capps Jr., Oral, 2020. "Generic promotion of Norwegian seafood exports," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 23(3), August.
    36. Corinne Post & Riikka Sarala & Caroline Gatrell & John E. Prescott, 2020. "Advancing Theory with Review Articles," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(2), pages 351-376, March.
    37. Broocks, Annette & Van Biesebroeck, Johannes, 2017. "The impact of export promotion on export market entry," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 19-33.
    38. Falahat, Mohammad & Lee, Yan Yin & Ramayah, T. & Soto-Acosta, Pedro, 2020. "Modelling the effects of institutional support and international knowledge on competitive capabilities and international performance: Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(4).
    39. Salvador Gil-Pareja & Rafael Llorca-Vivero & José Martínez-Serrano & Francisco Requena-Silvente, 2015. "Regional export promotion offices and trade margins," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 151(1), pages 145-167, February.
    40. Kim Jensen & Scott Hollis, 1998. "Export status and assistance needs of US high-value agribusiness," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(6), pages 425-434.
    41. Bembom, Michael & Schwens, Christian, 2018. "The role of networks in early internationalizing firms: A systematic review and future research agenda," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 679-694.
    42. Ayob, Abu H. & Freixanet, Joan, 2014. "Insights into public export promotion programs in an emerging economy: The case of Malaysian SMEs," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 38-46.
    43. Cansino, José M. & Lopez-Melendo, Jaime & Pablo-Romero, María del P. & Sánchez-Braza, Antonio, 2013. "An economic evaluation of public programs for internationalization: The case of the Diagnostic program in Spain," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 38-46.
    44. Halliburton, Karen & Henneberry, Shida Rastegari, 1995. "The Effectiveness Of U.S. Nonprice Promotion Of Almonds In The Pacific Rim," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, July.
    45. Kathleen M. Eisenhardt & Jeffrey A. Martin, 2000. "Dynamic capabilities: what are they?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(10‐11), pages 1105-1121, October.
    46. Nathalie Belhoste & Rachel Bocquet & Veronique Favre-Bonté & Frédéric Bally, 2019. "How do SMEs use support services during their internationalisation process: A comparative study of French traditional SMEs and INVs in Asia," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) hal-02380381, HAL.
    47. Alvarez, Roberto, 2004. "Sources of export success in small- and medium-sized enterprises: the impact of public programs," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 383-400, June.
    48. Fetscherin, Marc & Heinrich, Daniel, 2015. "Consumer brand relationships research: A bibliometric citation meta-analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 380-390.
    49. I.M. Onunkwo & J.E. Epperson, 2000. "Export demand for U.S. pecans: Impacts of U.S. export promotion programs," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(2), pages 253-265.
    50. Brendan J Gray, 1997. "Profiling Managers to Improve Export Promotion Targeting," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 28(2), pages 387-420, June.
    51. Reid, Stan, 1984. "Information acquisition and export entry decisions in small firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 141-157, June.
    52. Liu, Jialu & Goldstein, Don, 2013. "Understanding China's renewable energy technology exports," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 417-428.
    53. Freixanet, Joan, 2012. "Export promotion programs: Their impact on companies’ internationalization performance and competitiveness," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 1065-1086.
    54. D. Kent Lanclos & Stephen Devadoss & Joseph Guenthner, 1997. "Impacts of foreign direct investment and advertising on the export demand for US frozen potatoes," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(3), pages 273-284.
    55. Schembri, Joe & Tang, Yee Kwan & Fletcher, Margaret & Dimitratos, Pavlos, 2019. "How do European trade promotion organisations manage their stakeholders?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 1-1.
    56. Pimbucha Rusmevichientong & Harry Kaiser, 2011. "Are there halo effects of US grain export promotion?," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(12), pages 1435-1446.
    57. Torres, Miguel Matos & Clegg, L. Jeremy & Varum, Celeste Amorim, 2016. "The missing link between awareness and use in the uptake of pro-internationalization incentives," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 495-510.
    58. Lederman, Daniel & Olarreaga, Marcelo & Payton, Lucy, 2010. "Export promotion agencies: Do they work?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 257-265, March.
    59. Lanclos, D. Kent & Devadoss, Stephen & Guenthner, Joseph F., 1997. "Impacts of Foreign Investment and Advertising on the Export Demand for U.S. Frozen Potatoes," 1997 Annual Meeting, July 13-16, 1997, Reno\ Sparks, Nevada 35757, Western Agricultural Economics Association.
    60. Xiaoting Wang & Aihua Chen & Huafeng Wang & Shengxiao Li, 2017. "Effect of export promotion programs on export performance: evidence from manufacturing SMEs," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 131-145, January.
    61. Joan Freixanet & Gemma Renart & Alex Rialp-Criado, 2018. "The Impact of Managers’ Global Orientation on SME Export and Economic Performance," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 571-604, August.
    62. Christian Volpe Martincus & Antoni Estevadeordal & Andrés Gallo & Jessica Luna, 2010. "Information Barriers, Export Promotion Institutions, and the Extensive Margin of Trade," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 39358, Inter-American Development Bank.
    63. Horatio M. Morgan & Sui Sui & Shavin Malhotra, 2021. "No place like home: The effect of exporting to the country of origin on the financial performance of immigrant-owned SMEs," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(3), pages 504-524, April.
    64. F H Rolf Seringhaus & Guenther Botschen, 1991. "Cross-National Comparison of Export Promotion Services: The Views of Canadian and Austrian Companies," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 22(1), pages 115-133, March.
    65. Henry W. Kinnucan & Øystein Myrland, 2001. "A note on measuring returns to nonprice export promotion," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(3), pages 423-433.
    66. Pimbucha Rusmevichientong & Harry M. Kaiser, 2009. "Measuring the effectiveness of U.S. rice export promotion programs," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(2), pages 215-230.
    67. Chetty, Sylvie & Blankenburg Holm, Desiree, 2000. "Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: a network approach," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 77-93, February.
    68. Stav Fainshmidt & Michael A Witt & Ruth V Aguilera & Alain Verbeke, 2020. "The contributions of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to international business research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(4), pages 455-466, June.
    69. Kahiya, Eldrede T., 2018. "Five decades of research on export barriers: Review and future directions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1172-1188.
    70. Christina Theodoraki & Alexis Catanzaro, 2022. "Widening the borders of entrepreneurial ecosystem through the international lens," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 383-406, April.
    71. Wilkinson, Timothy J. & Brouthers, Lance Eliot, 2000. "An Evaluation of State Sponsored Promotion Programs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 229-236, March.
    72. Barry H. Adams & Kim L. Jensen & George C. Davis, 1997. "Knowledge and use of export assistance services by agribusiness," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 13(3), pages 285-294.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Joan Freixanet & Ryan Federo, 2022. "When Born Globals Grow Up: A Review and Agenda for Research on the Performance of Maturing Early Internationalizers," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(6), pages 817-857, December.
    2. Shen, Suqin & Venaik, Sunil & Liesch, Peter, 2024. "A novel model linking UN SDGs with international experience and firm performance," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(5).
    3. Shi, Linda Hui & Smith, J. Brock & Zou, Shaoming & Han, Yuqing & Tan, Kang Frank, 2024. "The mediated and moderated effects of IEO on international performance: An investigation of emerging market SMEs," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 59(4).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kahiya, Eldrede T., 2024. "A problematization review of export assistance: Debates and future directions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(1).
    2. (ed.), 0. "Research Handbook on Economic Diplomacy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 16053.
    3. Ayob, Abu H. & Freixanet, Joan, 2014. "Insights into public export promotion programs in an emerging economy: The case of Malaysian SMEs," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 38-46.
    4. Joan Freixanet & Ryan Federo, 2022. "When Born Globals Grow Up: A Review and Agenda for Research on the Performance of Maturing Early Internationalizers," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(6), pages 817-857, December.
    5. Aalto, Eero & Gustafsson, Robin, 2020. "Export Promotion Rationales and Impacts – A Review," ETLA Reports 100, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    6. Stjepan Srhoj & Vanja Vitezic & Joachim Wagner, 2020. "Export boosting policies and firm behaviour: Review of empirical evidence around the world," Working Paper Series in Economics 395, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    7. Noémie Dominguez, 2018. "Promotion agencies and SMEs’ internationalization process: A blessing or a curse? [Agences de promotion et processus internationalisation des PME: bénédiction ou malédiction?]," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 58-81, March.
    8. Flávia de Holanda Schmidt & Jorge Ferreira da Silva, 2015. "Export Assistance: A Literature Review And Challenges For Future Research," Discussion Papers 0191, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    9. Oscar Malca & Jesús Peña-Vinces & Francisco J Acedo, 2020. "Export promotion programmes as export performance catalysts for SMEs: insights from an emerging economy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 831-851, October.
    10. Joan Freixanet, 2014. "Innovation and internationalization: relationship and implications for management and public policy," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Center for International Scientific Research of VSO and VSPP, vol. 2(2), pages 57-75, December.
    11. Stephane Ruiz-Coupeau & Jaime Rodas-Monge & Raquel Florez-Lopez & Juan Manuel Ramon-Jeronimo, 2019. "Impact of Regional Public Agencies on Firms’ Internationalization Processes: Evidence from Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, May.
    12. Johannes Van Biesebroeck & Jozef Konings & Christian Volpe Martincus, 2016. "Did export promotion help firms weather the crisis?," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 31(88), pages 653-702.
    13. Ahmed Boutorat & Loe Franssen, 2023. "Economic missions and firm internationalization: evidence from the Netherlands," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 159(3), pages 787-826, August.
    14. Vargas Da Cruz,Marcio Jose, 2014. "Do export promotion agencies promote new exporters ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7004, The World Bank.
    15. Simona Comi & Laura Resmini, 2020. "Are export promotion programs effective in promoting the internalization of SMEs?," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 37(2), pages 547-581, July.
    16. Johannes Van Biesebroeck & Emily Yu & Shenjie Chen, 2015. "The impact of trade promotion services on Canadian exporter performance," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(4), pages 1481-1512, November.
    17. Nathalie Belhoste & Rachel Bocquet & Veronique Favre-Bonté & Frédéric Bally, 2019. "How do SMEs use support services during their internationalisation process: A comparative study of French traditional SMEs and INVs in Asia," Grenoble Ecole de Management (Post-Print) hal-02380381, HAL.
    18. Freixanet, Joan, 2012. "Export promotion programs: Their impact on companies’ internationalization performance and competitiveness," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 1065-1086.
    19. Priit Tinits & Carl F. Fey, 2022. "The Effects of Timing and Order of Government Support Mechanisms for SME Exports," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(2), pages 285-323, April.
    20. Schembri, Joe & Tang, Yee Kwan & Fletcher, Margaret & Dimitratos, Pavlos, 2019. "How do European trade promotion organisations manage their stakeholders?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:worbus:v:57:y:2022:i:4:s1090951622000359. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620401/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.