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Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions

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  • Kurnia, Jundika C.
  • Chaedir, Benitta A.
  • Sasmito, Agus P.
  • Shamim, Tariq

Abstract

Fuel cell is considered as a promising candidate to replace internal combustion engine in the future vehicles amid growing interest to lessen environment degradation due to fossil fuel burning. To achieve successful adoption of fuel cell-based power train, a simple and reliable fuel cell system is required. Open cathode fuel cell is one of such systems which offers simple configuration where the ambient air is used directly to provide cooling and serve as an oxidant, thus eliminating the requirement for a complex air supply subsystem, minimizing parasitic load and reducing overall cost of the system. The major challenge with the open cathode configuration is the strong dependence of the stack performance on the ambient conditions. To address this issue, numerous studies evaluating the performance of open cathode fuel cell and various factors affecting it have been conducted and reported. Important findings from these studies are currently scattered, impeding the pace of research and development. To assist and expedite further research and development of open cathode fuel cell and accelerate its mass application, it is imperative to extract and discuss the important findings of previous studies and identify the gap that requires further attention. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current development of open cathode fuel cell and identifies various aspects that can potentially influence its future advancements. In addition, the research and development needs for further growth of the field are highlighted and discussed.

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  • Kurnia, Jundika C. & Chaedir, Benitta A. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2021. "Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:283:y:2021:i:c:s0306261920317396
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116359
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    Cited by:

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    4. Qiu, Diankai & Zhou, Xiangyang & Chen, Minxue & Xu, Zhutian & Peng, Linfa, 2023. "Optimization of control strategy for air-cooled PEMFC based on in-situ observation of internal reaction state," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    5. Shen, Jun & Du, Changqing & Yan, Fuwu & Chen, Ben & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Experimental study on the dynamic performance of a power system with dual air-cooled PEMFC stacks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    6. Becker, F. & Cosse, C. & Gentner, C. & Schulz, D. & Liphardt, L., 2024. "Novel electrochemical and thermodynamic conditioning approaches and their evaluation for open cathode PEM-FC stacks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    7. Aihua Tang & Yuanhang Yang & Quanqing Yu & Zhigang Zhang & Lin Yang, 2022. "A Review of Life Prediction Methods for PEMFCs in Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Yang, Yupeng & Jia, Haijuan & Liu, Zhi & Bai, Nan & Zhang, Xiaolai & Cao, Tong & Zhang, Jie & Zhao, Pengbing & He, Xiaocong, 2022. "Overall and local effects of operating parameters on water management and performance of open-cathode PEM fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    9. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Huang, Zhe & Jian, Qifei, 2021. "Flow characteristics analysis for multi-path hydrogen supply within proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    10. Zenan Shen & Shaoquan Liu & Wei Zhu & Daoyuan Ren & Qiang Xu & Yu Feng, 2024. "A Review on Key Technologies and Developments of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Multi-Rotor Drones," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-36, August.
    11. Santos, Diogo F.M. & Ferreira, Rui B. & Falcão, D.S. & Pinto, A.M.F.R., 2022. "Evaluation of a fuel cell system designed for unmanned aerial vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    12. Meng, Huanru & Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2024. "Modelling and operation characteristics of air-cooled PEMFC with metallic bipolar plate used in unmanned aerial vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    13. Zhao, Chen & Wang, Fei & Wu, Xiaoyu, 2024. "Analysis and review on air-cooled open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Bibliometric, environmental adaptation and prospect," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    14. Pedro Andrade & Khaled Laadjal & Adérito Neto Alcaso & Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, 2024. "A Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Fuel Cell Systems: Challenges and Issues," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-45, January.
    15. Calili-Cankir, Fatma & Ismail, Mohammed S. & Ingham, Derek B. & Hughes, Kevin J. & Ma, Lin & Pourkashanian, Mohamed, 2023. "Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 86-108.
    16. Atyabi, Seyed Ali & Afshari, Ebrahim & Shakarami, Negar, 2023. "Three-dimensional multiphase modeling of the performance of an open-cathode PEM fuel cell with additional cooling channels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    17. Yu, Xianxian & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2023. "Development of a compact high-power density air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with ultrathin steel bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    18. Yu, Xingzi & Zhang, Caizhi & Li, Mengxiao & Wang, Gucheng & Tu, Zhengkai & Yu, Tao & Dong, Hui & Zhao, Fuqiang, 2024. "Thermal management of an open-cathode PEMFC based on constraint generalized predictive control and optimized strategy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    19. Weng, Fang-Bor & Dlamini, Mangaliso Menzi & Tirumalasetti, Pandu Ranga & Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, 2024. "Experimental evaluation of flow field design on open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) short stack consisting of three cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    20. Zhao, Chen & Xing, Shuang & Liu, Wei & Chen, Ming & Wang, Haijiang, 2021. "Performance and thermal optimization of different length-width ratio for air-cooled open-cathode fuel cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1250-1260.
    21. Zhang, Jikai & Wang, Changjian & Zhang, Aifeng, 2022. "Experimental study on temperature and performance of an open-cathode PEMFC stack under thermal radiation environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).

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