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Cold-start method for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells based on locally heating the cathode

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  • Li, Linjun
  • Wang, Shixue
  • Yue, Like
  • Wang, Guozhuo

Abstract

The key to successfully cold starting proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is increasing the cell temperature above 0 °C before the electrochemical reaction stops, because ice forms in fuel cells below this temperature. To decrease the input of external heat energy to fuel cells during cold starting, this paper proposes a local-heating method to improve the cold-start performance of fuel cells. During the experiments, heating wires were placed under partial ridges in the cathode plate to improve the cold-start performance of the fuel cells. The cold-start characteristics of the locally heated fuel cells were analyzed by measuring the voltage, high-frequency impedance, and cathode (gas diffusion layer) temperature for different heating power densities and number of heating wires. The results show that locally heating the cathode improves the cold-start capability of the fuel cell, and increasing the heating power density to heat the fuel cell enhances the voltage stability during cold starting of the cell. Furthermore, at a constant heating power density, the fuel cell using one heating wire shows better cold-start performance than that heated using three heating wires.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Linjun & Wang, Shixue & Yue, Like & Wang, Guozhuo, 2019. "Cold-start method for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells based on locally heating the cathode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:254:y:2019:i:c:s0306261919314035
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113716
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Montaner Ríos, G. & Schirmer, J. & Gentner, C. & Kallo, J., 2020. "Efficient thermal management strategies for cold starts of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    2. Pan, Weitong & Li, Ping & Gan, Quanquan & Chen, Xueli & Wang, Fuchen & Dai, Gance, 2020. "Thermal stability analysis of cold start processes in PEM fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    3. Gießgen, Tom & Jahnke, Thomas, 2023. "Assisted cold start of a PEMFC with a thermochemical preheater: A numerical study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    4. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Chaedir, Benitta A. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Shamim, Tariq, 2021. "Progress on open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Performance, designs, challenges and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    5. Yang, Liu & Cao, Chenxi & Gan, Quanquan & Pei, Hao & Zhang, Qi & Li, Ping, 2022. "Revealing failure modes and effect of catalyst layer properties for PEM fuel cell cold start using an agglomerate model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
    6. Chunjuan Shen & Sichuan Xu & Lei Pan & Yuan Gao, 2021. "A High-Efficiency Cooperative Control Strategy of Active and Passive Heating for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-11, November.
    7. Yang, Zirong & Jiao, Kui & Wu, Kangcheng & Shi, Weilong & Jiang, Shangfeng & Zhang, Longhai & Du, Qing, 2021. "Numerical investigations of assisted heating cold start strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    8. Cao, Qiming & Min, Haitao & Sun, Weiyi & Zhao, Honghui & Yu, Yuanbin & Zhang, Zhaopu & Jiang, Junyu, 2024. "A method of combining active and passive strategies by genetic algorithm in multi-stage cold start of proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    9. Zhao, Chen & Wang, Fei & Wu, Xiaoyu, 2024. "Analysis and review on air-cooled open cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Bibliometric, environmental adaptation and prospect," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    10. Lei Pan & Tong Zhang & Yuan Gao, 2023. "Real-Time Control of Gas Supply System for a PEMFC Cold-Start Based on the MADDPG Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-20, June.
    11. Zang, Linfeng & Hao, Liang & Zhu, Xiaojing, 2023. "Effect of the pore structure of cathode catalyst layer on the PEM fuel cell cold start process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).

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