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Social networks, role models, peer effects, and aspirations

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  • Anandi Mani
  • Emma Riley

Abstract

We review the literature on pathways through which social networks may influence social mobility in developing countries. We find that social networks support members in tangible ways—via access to opportunities for migration, credit, trading relationships, information on jobs, and new technologies—as well as in intangible ways, such as shaping their beliefs, hopes, and aspirations, through role models and peers. Nevertheless, networks can disadvantage non-members, typically the poor and marginalized.

Suggested Citation

  • Anandi Mani & Emma Riley, 2019. "Social networks, role models, peer effects, and aspirations," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-120, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    • Handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2019-120
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    2. Piraino Patrizio, 2020. "Drivers of mobility," WIDER Working Paper Series wp2020-6, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    3. Basit Abdullah & Vinoj Abraham & Ritika Jain, 2024. "Youth Unemployment in India: Do Aspirations Matter?," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 67(3), pages 883-908, September.
    4. Francisco Meneses, 2021. "Intergenerational Mobility After Expanding Educational Opportunities: A Quasi Experiment," Working Papers 586, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    5. Sarah Cattan & Kjell Salvanes & Emma Tominey, 2022. "First Generation Elite: The Role of School Networks," Working Papers 2022-028, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    6. Omer Siddique & Durr-e-Nayab, 2020. "Aspirations and Behaviour: Future in the Mindset The Link between Aspiration Failure and the Poverty Trap," PIDE-Working Papers 2020:13, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    7. Isler, Ozan & Gächter, Simon, 2022. "Conforming with peers in honesty and cooperation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 75-86.
    8. Eva‐Maria Egger & Aslihan Arslan & Emanuele Zucchini, 2022. "Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off‐farm employment? Evidence from 12 low‐ and middle‐income countries," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 44(1), pages 197-218, March.
    9. Patrizio Piraino, 2020. "Drivers of mobility," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2020-6, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

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    Keywords

    Behavioral economics; Cultural economics; Geographic labour mobility; Human resources; Migration; Social networks;
    All these keywords.

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