A classification and review of approaches and methods for modeling uncertainty in projects

In this paper, we created a classification for major sources of uncertainty in projects and categorized the studies in project scheduling literature with respect to the uncertainty source(s) they address. In addition, we investigated the approaches and methods to manage uncertainty, and studied the literature regarding these methods. Project management predominantly models the randomness in duration of activities; however, studies modeling the uncertainty due to other sources are scarce. We focused on these sources of uncertainty and highlighted the promising areas of research. The results presented in this paper will help researchers to identify the research gaps in modeling project uncertainty.