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Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

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  • Stephan L. Thomsen
  • Johannes Trunzer

Abstract

The Bologna Process reformed the German university system by introducing 3-year undergraduate degrees. We evaluate the effects on the dual apprenticeship system, where 29% of new apprentices are also qualified for university. For identification, we exploit regional and temporal variation in reform adoption, using administrative student and labor market data from 1997–2015. The Bologna reform implementation reduced the number of new highly educated apprentices considerably. In particular, clerical apprenticeships were affected. Firms did not substitute with less educated apprentices but partly replaced the lower supply of new highly educated apprentices with university graduates in the long run.

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  • Stephan L. Thomsen & Johannes Trunzer, 2024. "Did the Bologna Process Challenge the German Apprenticeship System? Evidence from a Natural Experiment," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 18(4), pages 635-667.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jhucap:doi:10.1086/730273
    DOI: 10.1086/730273
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    JEL classification:

    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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