IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i9p2191-d165067.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Lingxi Kong

    (Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • Chuan Li

    (National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China)

  • Jiuchun Jiang

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Michael G. Pecht

    (Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

Abstract

In the past five years, there have been numerous cases of Li-ion battery fires and explosions, resulting in property damage and bodily injuries. This paper discusses the thermal runaway mechanism and presents various thermal runaway mitigation approaches, including separators, flame retardants, and safety vents. The paper then overviews measures for extinguishing fires, and concludes with a set of recommendations for future research and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Lingxi Kong & Chuan Li & Jiuchun Jiang & Michael G. Pecht, 2018. "Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2191-:d:165067
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2191/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/9/2191/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Donal P. Finegan & Mario Scheel & James B. Robinson & Bernhard Tjaden & Ian Hunt & Thomas J. Mason & Jason Millichamp & Marco Di Michiel & Gregory J. Offer & Gareth Hinds & Dan J.L. Brett & Paul R. Sh, 2015. "In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, November.
    2. M. Armand & J.-M. Tarascon, 2008. "Building better batteries," Nature, Nature, vol. 451(7179), pages 652-657, February.
    3. Jianhui Wang & Yuki Yamada & Keitaro Sodeyama & Eriko Watanabe & Koji Takada & Yoshitaka Tateyama & Atsuo Yamada, 2018. "Fire-extinguishing organic electrolytes for safe batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 22-29, January.
    4. Amer Hammami & Nathalie Raymond & Michel Armand, 2003. "Runaway risk of forming toxic compounds," Nature, Nature, vol. 424(6949), pages 635-636, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lingxi Kong & Diganta Das & Michael G. Pecht, 2022. "The Distribution and Detection Issues of Counterfeit Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Nguyen-Tien, Viet & Dai, Qiang & Harper, Gavin D.J. & Anderson, Paul A. & Elliott, Robert J.R., 2022. "Optimising the geospatial configuration of a future lithium ion battery recycling industry in the transition to electric vehicles and a circular economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    3. Hyeonhong Jung & Seongjun Lee, 2023. "A Study on Capacity and State of Charge Estimation of VRFB Systems Using Cumulated Charge and Electrolyte Volume under Rebalancing Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Kim, Hong-Keun & Lee, Kyu-Jin, 2023. "Use of a multiphysics model to investigate the performance and degradation of lithium-ion battery packs with different electrical configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    5. Pius Victor Chombo & Yossapong Laoonual & Somchai Wongwises, 2021. "Lessons from the Electric Vehicle Crashworthiness Leading to Battery Fire," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Sun, Li & Sun, Wen & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Core temperature modelling and monitoring of lithium-ion battery in the presence of sensor bias," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    7. Sumukh Surya & Akash Samanta & Vinicius Marcis & Sheldon Williamson, 2022. "Smart Core and Surface Temperature Estimation Techniques for Health-Conscious Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems: A Model-to-Model Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Chen, Quanyi & Zhang, Xuan & Nie, Pengbo & Zhang, Siwei & Wei, Guodan & Sun, Hongbin, 2023. "A fast thermal simulation and dynamic feedback control framework for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    9. Najmul Hoque & Wahidul Biswas & Ilyas Mazhar & Ian Howard, 2020. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Sources for the Western Australian Transport Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-33, July.
    10. Erika Pierri & Valentina Cirillo & Thomas Vietor & Marco Sorrentino, 2021. "Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    11. Xiao, Yi & Wang, Grace & Ge, Ying-En & Xu, Qinyi & Li, Kevin X., 2021. "Game model for a new inspection regime of port state control under different reward and punishment conditions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    12. Hamid Khatibi & Eman Hassan & Dominic Frisone & Mahdi Amiriyan & Rashid Farahati & Siamak Farhad, 2022. "Recycling and Reusing Copper and Aluminum Current-Collectors from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-15, November.
    13. Ian Kay & Siamak Farhad & Ajay Mahajan & Roja Esmaeeli & Sayed Reza Hashemi, 2022. "Robotic Disassembly of Electric Vehicles’ Battery Modules for Recycling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-14, July.
    14. Roberto de Fazio & Donato Cafagna & Giorgio Marcuccio & Paolo Visconti, 2020. "Limitations and Characterization of Energy Storage Devices for Harvesting Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    15. Zhenhai Gao & Xiaoting Zhang & Yang Xiao & Hao Gao & Huiyuan Wang & Changhao Piao, 2019. "Influence of Low-Temperature Charge on the Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Subject to Lateral Compression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, February.
    16. Xu, Bin & Lee, Jinwoo & Kwon, Daeil & Kong, Lingxi & Pecht, Michael, 2021. "Mitigation strategies for Li-ion battery thermal runaway: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    17. Park, Shina & Song, Youngbin & Kim, Sang Woo, 2024. "Simultaneous diagnosis of cell aging and internal short circuit faults in lithium-ion batteries using average leakage interval," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    18. Zhang, Qi & Tang, Yanyan & Bunn, Derek & Li, Hailong & Li, Yaoming, 2021. "Comparative evaluation and policy analysis for recycling retired EV batteries with different collection modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    19. Simpson, J.G. & Hanrahan, G. & Loth, E. & Koenig, G.M. & Sadoway, D.R., 2021. "Liquid metal battery storage in an offshore wind turbine: Concept and economic analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    20. Gilmore, Nicholas & Britz, Thomas & Maartensson, Erik & Orbegoso-Jordan, Carlo & Schroder, Sebastian & Malerba, Martino, 2023. "Continental-scale assessment of micro-pumped hydro energy storage using agricultural reservoirs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yi Wu & Saurabh Saxena & Yinjiao Xing & Youren Wang & Chuan Li & Winco K. C. Yung & Michael Pecht, 2018. "Analysis of Manufacturing-Induced Defects and Structural Deformations in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Computed Tomography," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, April.
    2. Huang, Peifeng & Ping, Ping & Li, Ke & Chen, Haodong & Wang, Qingsong & Wen, Jennifer & Sun, Jinhua, 2016. "Experimental and modeling analysis of thermal runaway propagation over the large format energy storage battery module with Li4Ti5O12 anode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 659-673.
    3. Wenxin Mei & Zhi Liu & Chengdong Wang & Chuang Wu & Yubin Liu & Pengjie Liu & Xudong Xia & Xiaobin Xue & Xile Han & Jinhua Sun & Gaozhi Xiao & Hwa-yaw Tam & Jacques Albert & Qingsong Wang & Tuan Guo, 2023. "Operando monitoring of thermal runaway in commercial lithium-ion cells via advanced lab-on-fiber technologies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Mohammadmahdi Ghiji & Vasily Novozhilov & Khalid Moinuddin & Paul Joseph & Ian Burch & Brigitta Suendermann & Grant Gamble, 2020. "A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-30, October.
    5. Jun-Ping Hu & Hang Sheng & Qi Deng & Qiang Ma & Jun Liu & Xiong-Wei Wu & Jun-Jie Liu & Yu-Ping Wu, 2020. "High-Rate Layered Cathode of Lithium-Ion Batteries through Regulating Three-Dimensional Agglomerated Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-12, April.
    6. Li, Qun & Yin, Longwei & Ma, Jingyun & Li, Zhaoqiang & Zhang, Zhiwei & Chen, Ailian & Li, Caixia, 2015. "Mesoporous silicon/carbon hybrids with ordered pore channel retention and tunable carbon incorporated content as high performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 159-166.
    7. Yiding, Li & Wenwei, Wang & Cheng, Lin & Xiaoguang, Yang & Fenghao, Zuo, 2021. "A safety performance estimation model of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles under dynamic compression," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    8. Chen, Dongfang & Pan, Lyuming & Pei, Pucheng & Huang, Shangwei & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin, 2021. "Carbon-coated oxygen vacancies-rich Co3O4 nanoarrays grow on nickel foam as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Li, Yi & Liu, Kailong & Foley, Aoife M. & Zülke, Alana & Berecibar, Maitane & Nanini-Maury, Elise & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Hoster, Harry E., 2019. "Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Zhao, Bin, 2017. "Why will dominant alternative transportation fuels be liquid fuels, not electricity or hydrogen?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 712-714.
    11. Huang, Zonghou & Shen, Ting & Jin, Kaiqiang & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2022. "Heating power effect on the thermal runaway characteristics of large-format lithium ion battery with Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 as cathode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    12. Yang, Yang & Yuan, Wei & Zhang, Xiaoqing & Yuan, Yuhang & Wang, Chun & Ye, Yintong & Huang, Yao & Qiu, Zhiqiang & Tang, Yong, 2020. "Overview on the applications of three-dimensional printing for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    13. Ziheng Zhang & Maxim Avdeev & Huaican Chen & Wen Yin & Wang Hay Kan & Guang He, 2022. "Lithiated Prussian blue analogues as positive electrode active materials for stable non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    14. Zhi Chang & Huijun Yang & Xingyu Zhu & Ping He & Haoshen Zhou, 2022. "A stable quasi-solid electrolyte improves the safe operation of highly efficient lithium-metal pouch cells in harsh environments," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    15. Entwistle, Jake & Ge, Ruihuan & Pardikar, Kunal & Smith, Rachel & Cumming, Denis, 2022. "Carbon binder domain networks and electrical conductivity in lithium-ion battery electrodes: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    16. Yohwan Choi & Hongseok Kim, 2016. "Optimal Scheduling of Energy Storage System for Self-Sustainable Base Station Operation Considering Battery Wear-Out Cost," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-19, June.
    17. Jack E. N. Swallow & Michael W. Fraser & Nis-Julian H. Kneusels & Jodie F. Charlton & Christopher G. Sole & Conor M. E. Phelan & Erik Björklund & Peter Bencok & Carlos Escudero & Virginia Pérez-Dieste, 2022. "Revealing solid electrolyte interphase formation through interface-sensitive Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.
    18. Lili Zhang & Ning Zhang & Huishan Shang & Zhiyi Sun & Zihao Wei & Jingtao Wang & Yuanting Lei & Xiaochen Wang & Dan Wang & Yafei Zhao & Zhongti Sun & Fang Zhang & Xu Xiang & Bing Zhang & Wenxing Chen, 2024. "High-density asymmetric iron dual-atom sites for efficient and stable electrochemical water oxidation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    19. Jiawei Chen & Daoming Zhang & Lei Zhu & Mingzhu Liu & Tianle Zheng & Jie Xu & Jun Li & Fei Wang & Yonggang Wang & Xiaoli Dong & Yongyao Xia, 2024. "Hybridizing carbonate and ether at molecular scales for high-energy and high-safety lithium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Chao Wang & Ming Liu & Michel Thijs & Frans G. B. Ooms & Swapna Ganapathy & Marnix Wagemaker, 2021. "High dielectric barium titanate porous scaffold for efficient Li metal cycling in anode-free cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2191-:d:165067. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.