IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p9069-d989008.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Recycling and Reusing Copper and Aluminum Current-Collectors from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Hamid Khatibi

    (Advanced Energy and Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
    Schaeffler Group, Wooster, OH 44691, USA)

  • Eman Hassan

    (Advanced Energy and Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA)

  • Dominic Frisone

    (Advanced Energy and Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA)

  • Mahdi Amiriyan

    (Schaeffler Group, Wooster, OH 44691, USA)

  • Rashid Farahati

    (Schaeffler Group, Wooster, OH 44691, USA)

  • Siamak Farhad

    (Advanced Energy and Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA)

Abstract

The global transition to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems continues to gain support from governments and investors. As a result, the demand for electric energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has substantially increased. This is a significant motivator for reassessing end-of-life strategies for these batteries. Most importantly, a strong focus on transitioning from landfilling to an efficient recycling system is necessary to ensure the reduction of total global emissions, especially those from LIBs. Furthermore, LIBs contain many resources which can be reused after recycling; however, the compositional and component complexity of LIBs poses many challenges. This study focuses on the recycling and reusing of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) foils, which are the anode and cathode current-collectors (CCs) of LIBs. For this purpose, methods for the purification of recycled Cu and Al CCs for reusing in LIBs are explored in this paper. To show the effectiveness of the purification, the recycled CCs are used to make new LIBs, followed by an investigation of the performance of the made LIBs. Overall, it seems that the LIBs’ CCs can be reused to make new LIBs. However, an improvement in the purification method is still recommended for future work to increase the new LIB cycling.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamid Khatibi & Eman Hassan & Dominic Frisone & Mahdi Amiriyan & Rashid Farahati & Siamak Farhad, 2022. "Recycling and Reusing Copper and Aluminum Current-Collectors from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9069-:d:989008
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9069/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9069/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oluwasegun M. Ayoola & Alper Buldum & Siamak Farhad & Sammy A. Ojo, 2022. "A Review on the Molecular Modeling of Argyrodite Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Lingxi Kong & Chuan Li & Jiuchun Jiang & Michael G. Pecht, 2018. "Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sun, Li & Sun, Wen & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Core temperature modelling and monitoring of lithium-ion battery in the presence of sensor bias," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Lingxi Kong & Diganta Das & Michael G. Pecht, 2022. "The Distribution and Detection Issues of Counterfeit Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Nguyen-Tien, Viet & Dai, Qiang & Harper, Gavin D.J. & Anderson, Paul A. & Elliott, Robert J.R., 2022. "Optimising the geospatial configuration of a future lithium ion battery recycling industry in the transition to electric vehicles and a circular economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    4. Roberto de Fazio & Donato Cafagna & Giorgio Marcuccio & Paolo Visconti, 2020. "Limitations and Characterization of Energy Storage Devices for Harvesting Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Simpson, J.G. & Hanrahan, G. & Loth, E. & Koenig, G.M. & Sadoway, D.R., 2021. "Liquid metal battery storage in an offshore wind turbine: Concept and economic analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    6. Ian Kay & Siamak Farhad & Ajay Mahajan & Roja Esmaeeli & Sayed Reza Hashemi, 2022. "Robotic Disassembly of Electric Vehicles’ Battery Modules for Recycling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-14, July.
    7. Zhenhai Gao & Xiaoting Zhang & Yang Xiao & Hao Gao & Huiyuan Wang & Changhao Piao, 2019. "Influence of Low-Temperature Charge on the Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells Subject to Lateral Compression," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Pius Victor Chombo & Yossapong Laoonual & Somchai Wongwises, 2021. "Lessons from the Electric Vehicle Crashworthiness Leading to Battery Fire," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-21, August.
    9. Chen, Quanyi & Zhang, Xuan & Nie, Pengbo & Zhang, Siwei & Wei, Guodan & Sun, Hongbin, 2023. "A fast thermal simulation and dynamic feedback control framework for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    10. Najmul Hoque & Wahidul Biswas & Ilyas Mazhar & Ian Howard, 2020. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Alternative Energy Sources for the Western Australian Transport Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-33, July.
    11. Zhang, Qi & Tang, Yanyan & Bunn, Derek & Li, Hailong & Li, Yaoming, 2021. "Comparative evaluation and policy analysis for recycling retired EV batteries with different collection modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    12. Joshua Dunham & Joshua Carfang & Chan-Yeop Yu & Raziyeh Ghahremani & Rashid Farahati & Siamak Farhad, 2023. "Ionic Conductivity of the Li 6 PS 5 Cl 0.5 Br 0.5 Argyrodite Electrolyte at Different Operating and Pelletizing Pressures and Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, July.
    13. Hyeonhong Jung & Seongjun Lee, 2023. "A Study on Capacity and State of Charge Estimation of VRFB Systems Using Cumulated Charge and Electrolyte Volume under Rebalancing Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-14, March.
    14. Kim, Hong-Keun & Lee, Kyu-Jin, 2023. "Use of a multiphysics model to investigate the performance and degradation of lithium-ion battery packs with different electrical configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    15. Xiao, Yi & Wang, Grace & Ge, Ying-En & Xu, Qinyi & Li, Kevin X., 2021. "Game model for a new inspection regime of port state control under different reward and punishment conditions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    16. Erika Pierri & Valentina Cirillo & Thomas Vietor & Marco Sorrentino, 2021. "Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-24, March.
    17. Gilmore, Nicholas & Britz, Thomas & Maartensson, Erik & Orbegoso-Jordan, Carlo & Schroder, Sebastian & Malerba, Martino, 2023. "Continental-scale assessment of micro-pumped hydro energy storage using agricultural reservoirs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    18. Xu, Bin & Lee, Jinwoo & Kwon, Daeil & Kong, Lingxi & Pecht, Michael, 2021. "Mitigation strategies for Li-ion battery thermal runaway: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    19. Sumukh Surya & Akash Samanta & Vinicius Marcis & Sheldon Williamson, 2022. "Smart Core and Surface Temperature Estimation Techniques for Health-Conscious Lithium-Ion Battery Management Systems: A Model-to-Model Comparison," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    20. Park, Shina & Song, Youngbin & Kim, Sang Woo, 2024. "Simultaneous diagnosis of cell aging and internal short circuit faults in lithium-ion batteries using average leakage interval," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9069-:d:989008. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.