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Fire-extinguishing organic electrolytes for safe batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Jianhui Wang

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Yuki Yamada

    (The University of Tokyo
    Kyoto University)

  • Keitaro Sodeyama

    (Kyoto University
    National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
    Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST))

  • Eriko Watanabe

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Koji Takada

    (The University of Tokyo)

  • Yoshitaka Tateyama

    (Kyoto University
    National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS))

  • Atsuo Yamada

    (The University of Tokyo
    Kyoto University)

Abstract

Severe safety concerns are impeding the large-scale employment of lithium/sodium batteries. Conventional electrolytes are highly flammable and volatile, which may cause catastrophic fires or explosions. Efforts to introduce flame-retardant solvents into the electrolytes have generally resulted in compromised battery performance because those solvents do not suitably passivate carbonaceous anodes. Here we report a salt-concentrated electrolyte design to resolve this dilemma via the spontaneous formation of a robust inorganic passivation film on the anode. We demonstrate that a concentrated electrolyte using a salt and a popular flame-retardant solvent (trimethyl phosphate), without any additives or soft binders, allows stable charge–discharge cycling of both hard-carbon and graphite anodes for more than 1,000 cycles (over one year) with negligible degradation; this performance is comparable or superior to that of conventional flammable carbonate electrolytes. The unusual passivation character of the concentrated electrolyte coupled with its fire-extinguishing property contributes to developing safe and long-lasting batteries, unlocking the limit toward development of much higher energy-density batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianhui Wang & Yuki Yamada & Keitaro Sodeyama & Eriko Watanabe & Koji Takada & Yoshitaka Tateyama & Atsuo Yamada, 2018. "Fire-extinguishing organic electrolytes for safe batteries," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 22-29, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:3:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1038_s41560-017-0033-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-017-0033-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Guo-Rui Zhu & Qin Zhang & Qing-Song Liu & Qi-Yao Bai & Yi-Zhou Quan & You Gao & Gang Wu & Yu-Zhong Wang, 2023. "Non-flammable solvent-free liquid polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Lingxi Kong & Chuan Li & Jiuchun Jiang & Michael G. Pecht, 2018. "Li-Ion Battery Fire Hazards and Safety Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, August.
    3. Jiawei Chen & Daoming Zhang & Lei Zhu & Mingzhu Liu & Tianle Zheng & Jie Xu & Jun Li & Fei Wang & Yonggang Wang & Xiaoli Dong & Yongyao Xia, 2024. "Hybridizing carbonate and ether at molecular scales for high-energy and high-safety lithium metal batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    4. Wenxin Mei & Zhi Liu & Chengdong Wang & Chuang Wu & Yubin Liu & Pengjie Liu & Xudong Xia & Xiaobin Xue & Xile Han & Jinhua Sun & Gaozhi Xiao & Hwa-yaw Tam & Jacques Albert & Qingsong Wang & Tuan Guo, 2023. "Operando monitoring of thermal runaway in commercial lithium-ion cells via advanced lab-on-fiber technologies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.

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