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The critical characteristics and transition process of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

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  • Huang, Peifeng
  • Yao, Caixia
  • Mao, Binbin
  • Wang, Qingsong
  • Sun, Jinhua
  • Bai, Zhonghao

Abstract

The issue of thermal runaway (TR) of Li-ion batteries is a topic of serious concern in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. In this paper, the feature of battery TR, including self-accelerating decomposition temperature, voltage variation, temperature rise, and composition transformation, were comprehensively investigated under various states of charge (SOC). Li-ion batteries with five degrees of SOC from 0% to 100% were tested under four levels of oven temperature from 145 to 205 °C. The response to thermal behavior indicates that the ambient condition can be divided into safe, critical, and hazardous regions. The lower limit of the critical region decreases by about 40 °C when the SOC increases from 0% to 100%. During the transition process of TR, cathode material gradually degrades to small particles and finally turns to powdered metallic oxide, and the inorganic compounds on anode surface become uneven. Through heat flow tests and the modified Thomas model, the critical temperatures of TR were predicted at 212 °C, 220 °C, 179 °C, 164 °C and 183 °C for 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% SOC cells, respectively. The predictions are close to the critical regions divided by oven tests.

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  • Huang, Peifeng & Yao, Caixia & Mao, Binbin & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua & Bai, Zhonghao, 2020. "The critical characteristics and transition process of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:213:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220321897
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119082
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