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A comprehensive study on Li-ion battery nail penetrations and the possible solutions

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  • Zhao, Rui
  • Liu, Jie
  • Gu, Junjie

Abstract

Li-ion batteries are the state-of-the-art power sources for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and aerospace applications. The safety issues regarding Li-ion batteries arouse particular attentions after several accidents reported in recent years. Among various abuse conditions, nail penetration is one of the most dangerous for Li-ion batteries due to the accumulated heat generation, which could give rise to the thermal runaway and could damage entire energy storage system. In this paper, an electrochemical-thermal coupling model is developed to study the nail penetration process of Li-ion batteries. By introducing joule heating at the nail location, the model shows good agreement with the testing results. With this verified model, a comprehensive parametric study is carried out to investigate the effects of battery capacity, internal resistance, and nail diameter on the electrochemical and thermal behaviors of Li-ion batteries during the penetration processes. Furthermore, three possible solutions to prevent the thermal runaway, which includes decreasing the state of charge, improving heat dissipation, and increasing contact resistance, are compared and discussed in detail based on a series of simulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao, Rui & Liu, Jie & Gu, Junjie, 2017. "A comprehensive study on Li-ion battery nail penetrations and the possible solutions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 392-401.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:123:y:2017:i:c:p:392-401
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.017
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    3. Lu, Chen & Zhang, Lipin & Ma, Jian & Chen, Zihan & Tao, Laifa & Su, Yuzhuan & Chong, Jin & Jin, Haizu & Lin, Yongshou, 2017. "Li-ion battery capacity cycling fading dynamics cognition: A stochastic approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 251-259.
    4. Zhang, Zhendong & Kong, Xiangdong & Zheng, Yuejiu & Zhou, Long & Lai, Xin, 2019. "Real-time diagnosis of micro-short circuit for Li-ion batteries utilizing low-pass filters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1013-1024.
    5. JiYang Xu & Jian Ma & Xuan Zhao & Hao Chen & Bin Xu & XueQin Wu, 2020. "Detection Technology for Battery Safety in Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-19, September.
    6. Li, Honggang & Zhou, Dian & Zhang, Meihe & Liu, Binghe & Zhang, Chao, 2023. "Multi-field interpretation of internal short circuit and thermal runaway behavior for lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    7. Chen, Haodong & Kalamaras, Evangelos & Abaza, Ahmed & Tripathy, Yashraj & Page, Jason & Barai, Anup, 2023. "Comprehensive analysis of thermal runaway and rupture of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical abuse conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    8. Huang, Peifeng & Yao, Caixia & Mao, Binbin & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua & Bai, Zhonghao, 2020. "The critical characteristics and transition process of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).

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