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Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review

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  • Zhang, Guangxu
  • Wei, Xuezhe
  • Tang, Xuan
  • Zhu, Jiangong
  • Chen, Siqi
  • Dai, Haifeng

Abstract

Energy security, environmental concerns, and the upgrading of automobile industry are the driving trifecta of the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the primary power source for EVs, given their high energy/power density and long service lifetime. However, safety is still a big challenge facing the population of LIBs. Internal short circuit (ISC) is one of the root causes for the failure of LIBs, whereas the mechanism of ISC formation and evolution is still unclear. This paper provides a comprehensive review of formation mechanisms, evolution framework, experimental approaches, detection methods and mitigation strategies of ISC in LIBs. Learning from the typical safety accidents of LIBs, ISC primarily which caused by typical factors is intensively investigated. Later, the behavior and evolution framework of ISC are profoundly elaborated. The ISC experimental approaches are systematically classified into conventional experimental approaches and novel experimental approaches, and their advantages and drawbacks are summarized in detail, respectively. Further, ISC detection methods including offline and online detection methods are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, an insight into the research perspective of ISC mitigation is provided.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Guangxu & Wei, Xuezhe & Tang, Xuan & Zhu, Jiangong & Chen, Siqi & Dai, Haifeng, 2021. "Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:141:y:2021:i:c:s136403212100085x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110790
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    3. Chen, Siqi & Wei, Xuezhe & Zhang, Guangxu & Rui, Xinyu & Xu, Chengshan & Feng, Xuning & Dai, Haifeng & Ouyang, Minggao, 2023. "Active and passive safety enhancement for batteries from force perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    4. Yang, Qifan & Sun, Jinlei & Kang, Yongzhe & Ma, Hongzhong & Duan, Dawei, 2023. "Internal short circuit detection and evaluation in battery packs based on transformation matrix and an improved state-space model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    5. Qiao, Dongdong & Wei, Xuezhe & Fan, Wenjun & Jiang, Bo & Lai, Xin & Zheng, Yuejiu & Tang, Xiaolin & Dai, Haifeng, 2022. "Toward safe carbon–neutral transportation: Battery internal short circuit diagnosis based on cloud data for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    6. Bingxiang Sun & Xianjie Qi & Donglin Song & Haijun Ruan, 2023. "Review of Low-Temperature Performance, Modeling and Heating for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-37, October.
    7. Song, Youngbin & Park, Shina & Kim, Sang Woo, 2023. "Model-free quantitative diagnosis of internal short circuit for lithium-ion battery packs under diverse operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    8. Park, Shina & Song, Youngbin & Kim, Sang Woo, 2024. "Simultaneous diagnosis of cell aging and internal short circuit faults in lithium-ion batteries using average leakage interval," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    9. Xinyu Liu & Zhifu Zhou & Weitao Wu & Linsong Gao & Yang Li & Heng Huang & Zheng Huang & Yubai Li & Yongchen Song, 2022. "Three-Dimensional Modeling for the Internal Shorting Caused Thermal Runaway Process in 20Ah Lithium-Ion Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-25, September.

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