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Investigating the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries using a thermal resistance network model

Author

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  • Chen, Jie
  • Ren, Dongsheng
  • Hsu, Hungjen
  • Wang, Li
  • He, Xiangming
  • Zhang, Caiping
  • Feng, Xuning
  • Ouyang, Minggao

Abstract

Accurate measurement of the characteristic temperatures of thermal runaway, which are affected by many factors, is important for battery safety evaluation. A one-dimensional thermal resistance network model is built in this study to investigate the influences of various factors on the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries. In the model, the battery is divided into four independent components in the thickness direction, with thermal resistances connecting different nodes. The gas thermal resistance is added to simulate swelling and rupture of the battery. The model can effectively fit the battery thermal runaway behavior under both adiabatic thermal runaway and oven test conditions. Model-based analyses show that the thermal runaway features and characteristic temperatures are significantly affected by the test conditions, thermocouple positions, and battery thickness. The onset temperature of thermal runaway (T2) obtained in the oven test is 48.1 °C lower than that obtained in the adiabatic thermal runaway test. The measured T2 varies at different positions, and the difference can exceed 20% when the battery thickness increases to 10 cm. Moreover, the maximum thermal runaway temperature (T3) at the surface is approximately half that at the other positions. Finally, several suggestions for reasonable thermocouple placement are proposed, which can provide useful guidance for accurately evaluating battery thermal runaway performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Jie & Ren, Dongsheng & Hsu, Hungjen & Wang, Li & He, Xiangming & Zhang, Caiping & Feng, Xuning & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Investigating the thermal runaway features of lithium-ion batteries using a thermal resistance network model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:295:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921004980
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117038
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    2. Zhang, Yue & Song, Laifeng & Tian, Jiamin & Mei, Wenxin & Jiang, Lihua & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2024. "Modeling the propagation of internal thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).
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    5. Zhang, Lei & Huang, Lvwei & Zhang, Zhaosheng & Wang, Zhenpo & Dorrell, David D., 2022. "Degradation characteristics investigation for lithium-ion cells with NCA cathode during overcharging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Shi, Haotian & Wang, Shunli & Fernandez, Carlos & Yu, Chunmei & Xu, Wenhua & Dablu, Bobobee Etse & Wang, Liping, 2022. "Improved multi-time scale lumped thermoelectric coupling modeling and parameter dispersion evaluation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    7. Kim, Kyunghyun & Choi, Jung-Il, 2023. "Effect of cell-to-cell variation and module configuration on the performance of lithium-ion battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    8. Li, Changlong & Cui, Naxin & Chang, Long & Cui, Zhongrui & Yuan, Haitao & Zhang, Chenghui, 2022. "Effect of parallel connection topology on air-cooled lithium-ion battery module: Inconsistency analysis and comprehensive evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    9. Wang, Cong-jie & Zhu, Yan-li & Gao, Fei & Bu, Xin-ya & Chen, Heng-shuai & Quan, Ting & Xu, Yi-bo & Jiao, Qing-jie, 2022. "Internal short circuit and thermal runaway evolution mechanism of fresh and retired lithium-ion batteries with LiFePO4 cathode during overcharge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
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    11. Marcel Roy B. Domalanta & Julie Anne D. R. Paraggua, 2023. "A Multiphysics Model Simulating the Electrochemical, Thermal, and Thermal Runaway Behaviors of Lithium Polymer Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-24, March.

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