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A comparative study of thermal runaway of commercial lithium ion cells

Author

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  • Kvasha, Andriy
  • Gutiérrez, César
  • Osa, Urtzi
  • de Meatza, Iratxe
  • Blazquez, J. Alberto
  • Macicior, Haritz
  • Urdampilleta, Idoia

Abstract

Thermal runaway of three lithium ion cells (“A” - NCA/Graphite, “B” - LFP/Graphite, “C” - NCA/LTO) at 0%, 50%, and 100% state of charge (SOC) is studied by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC). Thermal behaviour of harvested positive and negative electrodes at three SOC (0%, 50%, and 100%) is analyzed using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Thermal stability of recovered separators is also investigated by DSC. Harvested electrodes and separators are studied alone and in contact with a liquid electrolyte. The thermal behaviour of each component and its contribution is quantified and thoroughly discussed. A crucial negative impact of the state of charge and presence of highly flammable liquid electrolyte on the thermal instability of the investigated cells and “electrode - electrolyte” systems is clearly revealed. Among studied cells, LiFePO4/Graphite one is the safest due to intrinsic thermal stability of lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4 based cathode and despite the fact of using a microporous polyolefin separator with limited thermal stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Kvasha, Andriy & Gutiérrez, César & Osa, Urtzi & de Meatza, Iratxe & Blazquez, J. Alberto & Macicior, Haritz & Urdampilleta, Idoia, 2018. "A comparative study of thermal runaway of commercial lithium ion cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 547-557.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:159:y:2018:i:c:p:547-557
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.173
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eddahech, Akram & Briat, Olivier & Vinassa, Jean-Michel, 2013. "Thermal characterization of a high-power lithium-ion battery: Potentiometric and calorimetric measurement of entropy changes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 432-439.
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    7. Yu, Shuyang & Ma, Ya & Xie, Jingying & Xu, Chao & Lu, Taolin, 2024. "Thermal runaway chain reaction determination and mechanism model establishment of NCA-graphite battery based on the internal temperature," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    8. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Liew, K.M. & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimentally exploring prevention of thermal runaway propagation of large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    9. Zhang, Zhendong & Kong, Xiangdong & Zheng, Yuejiu & Zhou, Long & Lai, Xin, 2019. "Real-time diagnosis of micro-short circuit for Li-ion batteries utilizing low-pass filters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 1013-1024.
    10. Zhang, Yue & Cheng, Siyuan & Mei, Wenxin & Jiang, Lihua & Jia, Zhuangzhuang & Cheng, Zhixiang & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2023. "Understanding of thermal runaway mechanism of LiFePO4 battery in-depth by three-level analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    11. Jia, Yikai & Yin, Sha & Liu, Binghe & Zhao, Hui & Yu, Huili & Li, Jie & Xu, Jun, 2019. "Unlocking the coupling mechanical-electrochemical behavior of lithium-ion battery upon dynamic mechanical loading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 951-960.
    12. Zhou, Zhizuan & Li, Maoyu & Zhou, Xiaodong & Ju, Xiaoyu & Yang, Lizhong, 2023. "Investigating thermal runaway characteristics and trigger mechanism of the parallel lithium-ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    13. Li, Yalun & Gao, Xinlei & Feng, Xuning & Ren, Dongsheng & Li, Yan & Hou, Junxian & Wu, Yu & Du, Jiuyu & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao, 2022. "Battery eruption triggered by plated lithium on an anode during thermal runaway after fast charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    14. Mikel Arrinda & Gorka Vertiz & Denis Sanchéz & Aitor Makibar & Haritz Macicior, 2022. "Surrogate Model of the Optimum Global Battery Pack Thermal Management System Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Feng Qian & Hewu Wang & Minghai Li & Cheng Li & Hengjie Shen & Juan Wang & Yalun Li & Minggao Ouyang, 2023. "Thermal Runaway Vent Gases from High-Capacity Energy Storage LiFePO 4 Lithium Iron," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-15, April.
    16. Mao, Ning & Gadkari, Siddharth & Wang, Zhirong & Zhang, Teng & Bai, Jinglong & Cai, Qiong, 2023. "A comparative analysis of lithium-ion batteries with different cathodes under overheating and nail penetration conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    17. Huang, Peifeng & Yao, Caixia & Mao, Binbin & Wang, Qingsong & Sun, Jinhua & Bai, Zhonghao, 2020. "The critical characteristics and transition process of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    18. Mahesh Suresh Patil & Satyam Panchal & Namwon Kim & Moo-Yeon Lee, 2018. "Cooling Performance Characteristics of 20 Ah Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell with Cold Plates along Both Surfaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, September.
    19. Meng, L.Y. & Wang, G.F. & See, K.W. & Wang, Y.P. & Zhang, Y. & Zang, C.Y. & Li, S. & Xie, B., 2023. "Explosion characteristic of CH4–H2-Air mixtures vented by encapsulated large-scale Li-ion battery under thermal runaway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

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