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A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries

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  • Jiang, H.R.
  • Shyy, W.
  • Ren, Y.X.
  • Zhang, R.H.
  • Zhao, T.S.

Abstract

The widespread application of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) presents an imperative need to mass produce electrodes with simple and cost-effective method. In this work, a novel room-temperature activation method is developed and adopted to fabricate electrodes for VRFBs. The VRFB with the prepared electrodes exhibits an energy efficiency of 84.0% at the current density of 200 mA cm−2, and can be stably cycled for more than 500 cycles with a high capacity retention rate of 99.94% per cycle. In addition, the battery can be operated at the high current densities of 250 and 300 mA cm−2 with energy efficiencies of 80.9% and 77.8%, which is the highest performance for the electrodes activated at room temperature. More remarkably, the room-temperature activated graphite felt electrode outperforms the thermally treated graphite felt electrode. Therefore, compared with the conventional method for thermally treating graphite felts, which requires expensive equipment to withstand high temperatures and consume a large amount of energy, the present room-temperature activation method offers a more promising choice to mass produce high-performance electrodes for VRFBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:233-234:y:2019:i::p:544-553
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.059
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    1. Leung, P. & Martin, T. & Liras, M. & Berenguer, A.M. & Marcilla, R. & Shah, A. & An, L. & Anderson, M.A. & Palma, J., 2017. "Cyclohexanedione as the negative electrode reaction for aqueous organic redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 318-326.
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    3. Jiang, H.R. & Wu, M.C. & Ren, Y.X. & Shyy, W. & Zhao, T.S., 2018. "Towards a uniform distribution of zinc in the negative electrode for zinc bromine flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 366-374.
    4. Mohamed, M.R. & Leung, P.K. & Sulaiman, M.H., 2015. "Performance characterization of a vanadium redox flow battery at different operating parameters under a standardized test-bed system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 402-412.
    5. Wei, Zhongbao & Lim, Tuti Mariana & Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria & Wai, Nyunt & Tseng, King Jet, 2016. "Online state of charge and model parameter co-estimation based on a novel multi-timescale estimator for vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 169-179.
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    7. Zeng, Y.K. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, L. & Wei, L., 2016. "The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 204-209.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bates, Alex M. & Paxton, William F. & Spurgeon, Joshua M. & Park, Sam D. & Sunkara, Mahendra K., 2021. "Earth-abundant redox couples using durable boron doped diamond electrodes: Beyond vanadium redox couples," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    2. Chen, Wei & Kang, Jialun & Shu, Qing & Zhang, Yunsong, 2019. "Analysis of storage capacity and energy conversion on the performance of gradient and double-layered porous electrode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 341-355.
    3. Sun, J. & Jiang, H.R. & Wu, M.C. & Fan, X.Z. & Chao, C.Y.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2020. "Aligned hierarchical electrodes for high-performance aqueous redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    4. Shi, Yu & Eze, Chika & Xiong, Binyu & He, Weidong & Zhang, Han & Lim, T.M. & Ukil, A. & Zhao, Jiyun, 2019. "Recent development of membrane for vanadium redox flow battery applications: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 202-224.
    5. Wang, Rui & Li, Yinshi & Wang, Yanning & Fang, Zhou, 2020. "Phosphorus-doped graphite felt allowing stabilized electrochemical interface and hierarchical pore structure for redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    6. Zeng, Yikai & Li, Fenghao & Lu, Fei & Zhou, Xuelong & Yuan, Yanping & Cao, Xiaoling & Xiang, Bo, 2019. "A hierarchical interdigitated flow field design for scale-up of high-performance redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 435-441.
    7. Jiang, H.R. & Zeng, Y.K. & Wu, M.C. & Shyy, W. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A uniformly distributed bismuth nanoparticle-modified carbon cloth electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 226-235.

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