IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v358y2024ics0306261923018986.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A highly active electrolyte for high-capacity iron‑chromium flow batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Wu, Min
  • Nan, Mingjun
  • Ye, Yujiao
  • Yang, Mingjun
  • Qiao, Lin
  • Zhang, Huamin
  • Ma, Xiangkun

Abstract

Iron‑chromium flow battery (ICFB) is the one of the most promising flow batteries due to its low cost. However, the serious capacity loss of ICFBs limit its further development. Herein, we analyze the capacity loss mechanism of ICFBs. The capacity loss is due to inactive Cr(H2O)63+ ions result in the mismatched content of active ions in catholyte and anolyte. Thus, a simple method is proposed to raise the content of active Cr3+ species (Cr(H2O)5Cl2+ and Cr(H2O)4Cl2+), achieving the match of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cr3+/Cr2+ redox couples and reducing the capacity loss of ICFBs. Meanwhile, the increasing content of active Cr3+ ions was proved by the quantitative analysis of the UV–vis absorption spectra. As a result, the ICFB with the improved electrolyte of 1 M FeCl2 + 1.3 M CrCl3 + 3 M HCl (E-1.3Cr) exhibits an energy efficiency (EE) of 84.51%, which is much higher than the original one of 1 M FeCl2 + 1 M CrCl3 + 3 M HCl (E-1Cr) (82.32%) at a current density of 80 mA cm−2. Most importantly, the ICFB with E-1.3Cr (7.44 mAh/cycle) shows the much slower capacity decay rate than that with E-1Cr (9.16 mAh/cycle). This work provides an effective way to accelerate engineering applications of ICFBs.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Min & Nan, Mingjun & Ye, Yujiao & Yang, Mingjun & Qiao, Lin & Zhang, Huamin & Ma, Xiangkun, 2024. "A highly active electrolyte for high-capacity iron‑chromium flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:358:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923018986
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122534
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261923018986
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122534?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohamed, M.R. & Leung, P.K. & Sulaiman, M.H., 2015. "Performance characterization of a vanadium redox flow battery at different operating parameters under a standardized test-bed system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 402-412.
    2. Wang, Shaoliang & Xu, Zeyu & Wu, Xiaoliang & Zhao, Huan & Zhao, Jinling & Liu, Jianguo & Yan, Chuanwei & Fan, Xinzhuang, 2020. "Analyses and optimization of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Zeng, Y.K. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, L. & Wei, L., 2016. "The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 204-209.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Shaoliang & Xu, Zeyu & Wu, Xiaoliang & Zhao, Huan & Zhao, Jinling & Liu, Jianguo & Yan, Chuanwei & Fan, Xinzhuang, 2020. "Analyses and optimization of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Leung, P. & Martin, T. & Liras, M. & Berenguer, A.M. & Marcilla, R. & Shah, A. & An, L. & Anderson, M.A. & Palma, J., 2017. "Cyclohexanedione as the negative electrode reaction for aqueous organic redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 318-326.
    3. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Wu, M.C. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A bi-porous graphite felt electrode with enhanced surface area and catalytic activity for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 105-113.
    4. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
    5. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2019. "Electrokinetic parameters of a vanadium redox flow battery with varying temperature and electrolyte flow rate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 284-291.
    6. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2017. "Experimental analysis of discharge characteristics in vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 451-457.
    7. Zhang, Chao & Wei, Yi-Li & Cao, Peng-Fei & Lin, Meng-Chang, 2018. "Energy storage system: Current studies on batteries and power condition system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3091-3106.
    8. Chen, Wei & Kang, Jialun & Shu, Qing & Zhang, Yunsong, 2019. "Analysis of storage capacity and energy conversion on the performance of gradient and double-layered porous electrode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 341-355.
    9. Wei, Zhongbao & Zhao, Jiyun & Ji, Dongxu & Tseng, King Jet, 2017. "A multi-timescale estimator for battery state of charge and capacity dual estimation based on an online identified model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1264-1274.
    10. Zou, Wen-Jiang & Kim, Young-Bae & Jung, Seunghun, 2024. "Capacity fade prediction for vanadium redox flow batteries during long-term operations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    11. Zhou, X.L. & Zhao, T.S. & An, L. & Zeng, Y.K. & Yan, X.H., 2015. "A vanadium redox flow battery model incorporating the effect of ion concentrations on ion mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 157-166.
    12. Wei, Zhongbao & Lim, Tuti Mariana & Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria & Wai, Nyunt & Tseng, King Jet, 2016. "Online state of charge and model parameter co-estimation based on a novel multi-timescale estimator for vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 169-179.
    13. Ren, Y.X. & Zhao, T.S. & Tan, P. & Wei, Z.H. & Zhou, X.L., 2017. "Modeling of an aprotic Li-O2 battery incorporating multiple-step reactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 706-716.
    14. Wang, Q. & Qu, Z.G. & Jiang, Z.Y. & Yang, W.W., 2018. "Numerical study on vanadium redox flow battery performance with non-uniformly compressed electrode and serpentine flow field," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 106-116.
    15. Lai, Chun Sing & Jia, Youwei & Lai, Loi Lei & Xu, Zhao & McCulloch, Malcolm D. & Wong, Kit Po, 2017. "A comprehensive review on large-scale photovoltaic system with applications of electrical energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 439-451.
    16. Yue, Meng & Lv, Zhiqiang & Zheng, Qiong & Li, Xianfeng & Zhang, Huamin, 2019. "Battery assembly optimization: Tailoring the electrode compression ratio based on the polarization analysis in vanadium flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 495-508.
    17. Wei, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Xu, Q. & Zhou, X.L. & Zhang, Z.H., 2017. "In-situ investigation of hydrogen evolution behavior in vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 1112-1118.
    18. Dehghani-Sanij, A.R. & Tharumalingam, E. & Dusseault, M.B. & Fraser, R., 2019. "Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 192-208.
    19. Wei, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Zeng, L. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, Y.K., 2016. "Copper nanoparticle-deposited graphite felt electrodes for all vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 386-391.
    20. Jiang, H.R. & Wu, M.C. & Ren, Y.X. & Shyy, W. & Zhao, T.S., 2018. "Towards a uniform distribution of zinc in the negative electrode for zinc bromine flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 366-374.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:358:y:2024:i:c:s0306261923018986. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.