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The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries

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  • Zeng, Y.K.
  • Zhao, T.S.
  • Zhou, X.L.
  • Zeng, L.
  • Wei, L.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to understand and identify key design parameters that influence the battery performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFBs). The investigated parameters include the membrane thickness, electrode compression ratio, electrode pretreatment and catalyst loading. Results show that: (i) with a thin NR-211 membrane and a high electrode compression ratio of 62.5%, the operating current density of the ICRFB can reach as high as 480mAcm−2 at an energy efficiency of higher than 80%; (ii) the bismuth catalyst loading has insignificant effect on the battery performance in the range of 0.52–10.45mgcm−2; (iii) the moderately oxidative thermal pretreatment of the electrode improves the energy efficiency compared to the as-received electrode while the electrode prepared with a harsh pretreatment deteriorates the battery performance; and (iv) for the present ICRFBs operating at both 25°C and 65°C, the dominant loss is identified to be ohmic loss rather than kinetics loss.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeng, Y.K. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, L. & Wei, L., 2016. "The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 204-209.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:182:y:2016:i:c:p:204-209
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.135
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. An, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Li, Y.S., 2015. "Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1462-1468.
    2. Zhou, X.L. & Zhao, T.S. & An, L. & Zeng, Y.K. & Yan, X.H., 2015. "A vanadium redox flow battery model incorporating the effect of ion concentrations on ion mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 157-166.
    3. Wei, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhao, G. & An, L. & Zeng, L., 2016. "A high-performance carbon nanoparticle-decorated graphite felt electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 74-79.
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    4. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Wu, M.C. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A bi-porous graphite felt electrode with enhanced surface area and catalytic activity for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 105-113.
    5. Wang, Shaoliang & Xu, Zeyu & Wu, Xiaoliang & Zhao, Huan & Zhao, Jinling & Liu, Jianguo & Yan, Chuanwei & Fan, Xinzhuang, 2020. "Analyses and optimization of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
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    8. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
    9. Zeng, Yikai & Li, Fenghao & Lu, Fei & Zhou, Xuelong & Yuan, Yanping & Cao, Xiaoling & Xiang, Bo, 2019. "A hierarchical interdigitated flow field design for scale-up of high-performance redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 435-441.
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    11. Souentie, Stamatios & Amr, Issam & Alsuhaibani, Abdulrahman & Almazroei, Essa & Hammad, Ahmad D., 2017. "Temperature, charging current and state of charge effects on iron-vanadium flow batteries operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 568-576.
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