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The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries

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  • Zeng, Y.K.
  • Zhao, T.S.
  • Zhou, X.L.
  • Zeng, L.
  • Wei, L.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to understand and identify key design parameters that influence the battery performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFBs). The investigated parameters include the membrane thickness, electrode compression ratio, electrode pretreatment and catalyst loading. Results show that: (i) with a thin NR-211 membrane and a high electrode compression ratio of 62.5%, the operating current density of the ICRFB can reach as high as 480mAcm−2 at an energy efficiency of higher than 80%; (ii) the bismuth catalyst loading has insignificant effect on the battery performance in the range of 0.52–10.45mgcm−2; (iii) the moderately oxidative thermal pretreatment of the electrode improves the energy efficiency compared to the as-received electrode while the electrode prepared with a harsh pretreatment deteriorates the battery performance; and (iv) for the present ICRFBs operating at both 25°C and 65°C, the dominant loss is identified to be ohmic loss rather than kinetics loss.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeng, Y.K. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhou, X.L. & Zeng, L. & Wei, L., 2016. "The effects of design parameters on the charge-discharge performance of iron-chromium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 204-209.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:182:y:2016:i:c:p:204-209
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.135
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    1. An, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Li, Y.S., 2015. "Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1462-1468.
    2. Zhou, X.L. & Zhao, T.S. & An, L. & Zeng, Y.K. & Yan, X.H., 2015. "A vanadium redox flow battery model incorporating the effect of ion concentrations on ion mobility," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 157-166.
    3. Wei, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Zhao, G. & An, L. & Zeng, L., 2016. "A high-performance carbon nanoparticle-decorated graphite felt electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 74-79.
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    2. Ren, Y.X. & Zhao, T.S. & Tan, P. & Wei, Z.H. & Zhou, X.L., 2017. "Modeling of an aprotic Li-O2 battery incorporating multiple-step reactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 706-716.
    3. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Ren, Y.X. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A room-temperature activated graphite felt as the cost-effective, highly active and stable electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 544-553.
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    6. Bates, Alex M. & Paxton, William F. & Spurgeon, Joshua M. & Park, Sam D. & Sunkara, Mahendra K., 2021. "Earth-abundant redox couples using durable boron doped diamond electrodes: Beyond vanadium redox couples," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    7. Souentie, Stamatios & Amr, Issam & Alsuhaibani, Abdulrahman & Almazroei, Essa & Hammad, Ahmad D., 2017. "Temperature, charging current and state of charge effects on iron-vanadium flow batteries operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 568-576.
    8. Wu, Min & Nan, Mingjun & Ye, Yujiao & Yang, Mingjun & Qiao, Lin & Zhang, Huamin & Ma, Xiangkun, 2024. "A highly active electrolyte for high-capacity iron‑chromium flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    9. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2017. "Experimental analysis of discharge characteristics in vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 451-457.
    10. Wei, Zhongbao & Zhao, Jiyun & Ji, Dongxu & Tseng, King Jet, 2017. "A multi-timescale estimator for battery state of charge and capacity dual estimation based on an online identified model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1264-1274.
    11. Chen, Wei & Kang, Jialun & Shu, Qing & Zhang, Yunsong, 2019. "Analysis of storage capacity and energy conversion on the performance of gradient and double-layered porous electrode in all-vanadium redox flow batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 341-355.
    12. Jiang, H.R. & Shyy, W. & Wu, M.C. & Zhang, R.H. & Zhao, T.S., 2019. "A bi-porous graphite felt electrode with enhanced surface area and catalytic activity for vanadium redox flow batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 105-113.
    13. Wang, Shaoliang & Xu, Zeyu & Wu, Xiaoliang & Zhao, Huan & Zhao, Jinling & Liu, Jianguo & Yan, Chuanwei & Fan, Xinzhuang, 2020. "Analyses and optimization of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical performance of iron-chromium flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    14. Kim, Jungmyung & Park, Heesung, 2019. "Electrokinetic parameters of a vanadium redox flow battery with varying temperature and electrolyte flow rate," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 284-291.

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